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  • 1
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Monte Carlo simulation of magnetobirefringence in magnetic fluids : 37th Annual conference on magnetism and magnetic materials (1993)
    [S.l.] : American Institute of Physics (AIP)
    Journal of Applied Physics 73 (1993), S. 6142-6144 
    Details
    ISSN: 1089-7550
    Source: AIP Digital Archive
    Topics: Physics
    Notes: On the basis of the consideration that the magnetic-field-induced optical anisotropy is caused by the combined effects of field-induced orientation of shape-anisotropic scatterers and the chain-like aggregation of magnetic particles in external magnetic field, a unified mathematical expression is established and Monte Carlo technique is implemented to simulate the field dependence of magnetobirefringence. Compared with the previous models, this method is more effective in exposing the micro-origin of the phenomena and can be easily extended to calculate other aspects of the effects.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1063/1.352728
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  • 2
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    The magnetic and microstructural properties of Pt/Co multilayers grown on ZnO : 37th Annual conference on magnetism and magnetic materials (1993)
    [S.l.] : American Institute of Physics (AIP)
    Journal of Applied Physics 73 (1993), S. 6424-6426 
    Details
    ISSN: 1089-7550
    Source: AIP Digital Archive
    Topics: Physics
    Notes: We measured the magnetic properties and examined the microstructure of Pt/Co multilayers sputtered at ambient temperature on ZnO underlayers grown between 25 and 500 °C. For ZnO grown at 150 °C, the perpendicular magnetic anisotropy energy of Pt/Co multilayers was a maximum, ∼1.1×107 erg/cm3, and then decreased monotonically to ∼3×106 erg/cm3 for ZnO grown at 500 °C. From measuring the angular dependence of magnetic coercivity, we deduced that magnetic reversal was by domain-wall motion in multilayers on low temperature (≤200 °C) ZnO, and predominantly by rotation on high-temperature ZnO. By cross-sectional transmission electron microscopy of Pt and Co layers on ZnO, we determined that all layers were rougher for high ZnO growth temperatures, although higher temperature promoted better multilayer (111)-fcc texture. The microstructure of Pt/Co multilayers on high-temperature ZnO was also particulate or granular, compared to more continuous on low-temperature ZnO. We concluded that the multilayer roughness reduced perpendicular magnetic anisotropy, and that particulate structural features caused magnetic reversal by rotation.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1063/1.352620
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  • 3
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Investigations of microstructure of thin TbFeCo films by high-resolution electron microscopy (1991)
    [S.l.] : American Institute of Physics (AIP)
    Journal of Applied Physics 69 (1991), S. 6590-6594 
    Details
    ISSN: 1089-7550
    Source: AIP Digital Archive
    Topics: Physics
    Notes: High-resolution electron microscope observations confirm the presence of small crystallites in thin TbFeCo films protected by Si3N4 overcoats. Selected area electron diffraction patterns in top-view projection indicate that the crystals have a face-centered-cubic structure. Microscope analysis reveals grain growth following annealing of these protected thin films at 200 °C in vacuum, and Kerr measurements yield large reductions in coercivity relative to the room-temperature value. The typical grain size visible in top-view observations increases from about 3 nm in the as-deposited samples to about 30 nm after annealing at 200 °C for 36 h while the static coercivity, Hc, drops by about 40%. The fcc structure of the crystals is retained after annealing.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1063/1.348870
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  • 4
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Microstructural dependence of magnetic properties of Pt/Co multilayer thin films (1992)
    [S.l.] : American Institute of Physics (AIP)
    Journal of Applied Physics 71 (1992), S. 842-848 
    Details
    ISSN: 1089-7550
    Source: AIP Digital Archive
    Topics: Physics
    Notes: The magnetic properties of thin film Pt/Co multilayers with perpendicular magnetic anisotropy depend on their preparation. Vapor-deposited and Xe-sputtered multilayers have the largest anisotropy energy and coercivities, attractive for magneto-optical recording media. Films sputtered with a smaller mass gas (Ar) have less attractive magnetic properties. In this paper it is shown by high resolution electron microscopy that microstructural differences, related to the energetics of the deposition process, caused the differences in magnetic properties. Films prepared by Ar-sputtering experienced energetic bombardment by reflected Ar neutrals and consequently had smooth, continuous Co and Pt layers, but only modest (111) fcc texture. Vapor-deposited and Xe-sputtered films, which experienced much less energetic bombardment, had superior (111) texture and sharp column boundaries, although Co–Pt layer interfaces were rougher. It was concluded that the superior (111) fcc texture was responsible for a large magnetic anisotropy energy. And both the larger anisotropy energy and the sharper column boundaries contributed to large coercivities.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1063/1.351304
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  • 5
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Investigations of Rh-based multilayers for soft x-ray applications by high-resolution electron microscopy (1991)
    [S.l.] : American Institute of Physics (AIP)
    Journal of Applied Physics 70 (1991), S. 2905-2910 
    Details
    ISSN: 1089-7550
    Source: AIP Digital Archive
    Topics: Physics
    Notes: A series of rhodium-based multilayer structures has been developed for soft x-ray applications by using "trilayer'' structures and low density boron carbide spacing material. The microstructure of the multilayers was investigated by high-resolution electron microscopy and compared with those of tungsten- and nickel-based multilayers. Rh crystals having fcc structure but with different preferred orientations were identified in Rh-based layers. It was confirmed that the major limitation on the performance of the multilayer materials was the crystallization of the metal layers. High reflectivity and selectivity for x-ray mirrors was obtained in the case of W/Rh/C multilayers due to significant improvement in their microstructure, especially the interface roughness.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1063/1.349314
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  • 6
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Co thickness dependence of the microstructure of Pt/Co multilayers (1993)
    [S.l.] : American Institute of Physics (AIP)
    Journal of Applied Physics 73 (1993), S. 2433-2437 
    Details
    ISSN: 1089-7550
    Source: AIP Digital Archive
    Topics: Physics
    Notes: We have studied with high resolution electron microscopy the microstructure of polycrystalline Pt/Co multilayers with between 13- and 18-A(ring)-thick Pt and Co thicknesses up to 20 A(ring). For thin Co (∼4 A(ring)), Pt/Co multilayers had (111)-fcc texture normal to the substrate and a coherent lattice with interplanar spacing of ∼2.2 A(ring), along the direction of chemical modulation. As the Co thickness increased, coherence was lost, and thicker Co layers had hcp structure with (002) texture, and the film surface roughness increased for less energetic deposition conditions. Coincident with a coherent structure (thin Co), Pt/Co multilayers have a large perpendicular magnetic anisotropy, important for their application in magnetic and magneto-optical devices.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1063/1.353099
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  • 7
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Wavelength dependence of the Faraday effect and magnetobirefringence in ferrofluid thin films : 37th Annual conference on magnetism and magnetic materials (1993)
    [S.l.] : American Institute of Physics (AIP)
    Journal of Applied Physics 73 (1993), S. 6139-6141 
    Details
    ISSN: 1089-7550
    Source: AIP Digital Archive
    Topics: Physics
    Notes: An enhancement of negative Faraday rotation in a dilute ferrofluid was reported near the wavelength of 0.5 μm by Yusuf. The observed phenomenon was explained in terms of a "small particle resonance.'' The premise of the above explanation is debatable. In order to give a more detailed explanation, measurements of Faraday rotation and magnetobirefringence spectra in dense ferrofluid thin films are reported from 0.5 to 2.7 μm, and a mathematical model is derived taking into account a skew-symmetric dielectric tensor for ferrite particles. The experiments confirm that the negative Faraday rotation is predominantly caused by the wavelength dependence of the off-diagonal elements εfxy(λ) of the dielectric tensor of the magnetic particles themselves.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1063/1.352727
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  • 8
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Giant magnetoresistance studies in (Fe,Co)-Ag films : 37th Annual conference on magnetism and magnetic materials (1993)
    [S.l.] : American Institute of Physics (AIP)
    Journal of Applied Physics 73 (1993), S. 5509-5511 
    Details
    ISSN: 1089-7550
    Source: AIP Digital Archive
    Topics: Physics
    Notes: Giant magnetoresistance (GMR) values were measured in thin films of Fe and Co in Ag. The best GMR results were observed in Ag-rich specimens, with maxima of 25% (30 K) and 14% (20 K) observed in Co20Ag80 and Fe25Ag75, respectively. Magnetic data indicate a spin glasslike behavior in the as-deposited Ag-rich films. The as-made samples have a nanostructure, with a face centered cubic structure. Annealing of the samples over the temperature range of 200 °C to 700 °C led to grain growth and subsequent phase separation of the constituent metals. A summary of the magnetic and electrical transport properties is presented, in relation to the crystal structure and microstructure of the TM-Ag films (TM=Fe,Co).
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1063/1.353685
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  • 9
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Giant magnetoresistance in antiferromagnetic Co/Cu multilayers (1991)
    Woodbury, NY : American Institute of Physics (AIP)
    Applied Physics Letters 58 (1991), S. 2710-2712 
    Details
    ISSN: 1077-3118
    Source: AIP Digital Archive
    Topics: Physics
    Notes: We report giant values of saturation magnetoresistance in sputtered antiferromagnetic Co/Cu multilayers containing thin Co and Cu layers 8–10 A(ring) thick. We discuss the key importance of the buffer layer in controlling the growth of flat Co and Cu layers. As shown by cross-section transmission electron microscopy high-quality structures are found for growth on Fe buffer layers. Such structures display saturation magnetoresistance at 300 K of more than 65% with saturation fields of (approximately-equal-to)10 kOe. These values are several times larger than previously found for any magnetic material at room temperature.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1063/1.104765
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  • 10
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Observations of nanocrystals in thin TbFeCo films (1989)
    Woodbury, NY : American Institute of Physics (AIP)
    Applied Physics Letters 55 (1989), S. 919-921 
    Details
    ISSN: 1077-3118
    Source: AIP Digital Archive
    Topics: Physics
    Notes: Observations of thin films of amorphous TbFeCo by electron microscopy with a resolution limit of better than 0.2 nm invariably reveal the presence of very fine microcrystals (sizes ∼2–5 nm). Bright field imaging, in both plan view and in cross section, indicates that these nanocrystals have the crystal structure of α-Fe or Co. In contrast, crystals of Tb metal (or Tb oxides) have not been observed. Similar observations of FeCo thin films, prepared under identical experimental conditions, reveal much larger crystals (typically 10–50 nm). It is concluded that the presence of the rare earth element Tb is crucial to the microstructure displayed by this kind of material.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1063/1.101622
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