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  • 1
    Online Resource
    Online Resource
    Principles of Environmental Engineering (2023)
    Singapore :Springer Nature Singapore :
    Details
    Keywords: Environmental engineering. ; Biotechnology. ; Bioremediation. ; Refuse and refuse disposal. ; Pollution. ; Water. ; Hydrology. ; Environment. ; Environmental Engineering/Biotechnology. ; Chemical Bioengineering. ; Waste Management/Waste Technology. ; Pollution. ; Water. ; Environmental Sciences.
    Description / Table of Contents: Prolegomenon -- Fluid Flow and Transport Equipment -- Heat Transfer -- Absorption -- Chemical and Biological Reaction Kinetics and Reactor -- Appendix -- Basic Concepts and Terminology -- Symbols and Units.
    Abstract: This textbook contains the contents coming from hydraulics, hydrodynamics, chemical principles, chemical reaction engineering and bioengineering, which relates closely with fundamental principles in environmental engineering. It mainly covers principles including basic concepts, theories, methods and related equipment in fluid flow and transportation, heat transfer, absorption, chemical and biological reaction kinetics and reactors, as well as their applications in environmental engineering. At same time, the readers learns the basic viewpoints and methods commonly used in engineering technology, such as balance method, reasonable simplification, dimensional analysis method, boundary layer theory, optimization and mathematical model method. It broadens the student’s understanding in solving those problems in environmental engineering, and enhances their awareness of industrialization. This book is the specialized foundation and principles for learning the professional courses of environmental engineering, such as "water pollution control," "air pollution control," "solid waste treatment and disposal" and "ecological restoration engineering", while avoiding the repetition of the contents of those professional books.
    Type of Medium: Online Resource
    Pages: XII, 528 p. 208 illus., 7 illus. in color. , online resource.
    Edition: 1st ed. 2023.
    ISBN: 9789811694318
    URL: https://doi.org/10.1007/978-981-16-9431-8
    DOI: 10.1007/978-981-16-9431-8
    DDC: 628
    Language: English
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    E-BOOKS (AWI ONLY)
  • 2
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Antimalarial activity of new dihydroartemisinin derivatives. 5. Sugar analogs. (1992)
    s.l. : American Chemical Society
    Journal of medicinal chemistry 35 (1992), S. 1639-1642 
    Details
    ISSN: 1520-4804
    Source: ACS Legacy Archives
    Topics: Chemistry and Pharmacology
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1021/jm00087a021
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  • 3
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Antimalarial activity of new water-soluble dihydroartemisinin derivatives. 3. Aromatic amine analogs (1990)
    s.l. : American Chemical Society
    Journal of medicinal chemistry 33 (1990), S. 2610-2614 
    Details
    ISSN: 1520-4804
    Source: ACS Legacy Archives
    Topics: Chemistry and Pharmacology
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1021/jm00171a041
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  • 4
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    The effect of using silicon based diffusion pump fluid on spectral quality in an electrospray ionization ion trap/time-of-flight mass spectrometer (1997)
    [S.l.] : American Institute of Physics (AIP)
    Review of Scientific Instruments 68 (1997), S. 3252-3253 
    Details
    ISSN: 1089-7623
    Source: AIP Digital Archive
    Topics: Physics , Electrical Engineering, Measurement and Control Technology
    Notes: The formation of adducts resulting from interactions between protein ions and residual gases in an electrospray ionization ion trap/time-of-flight mass spectrometer is reported. This instrument utilizes diffusion pumps to achieve high vacuum, and we found that when silicon based diffusion pump fluids were used, characteristic adduct peaks appeared in the mass spectra. These adduct peaks were not detected, however, when a polyphenyl ether (Santovac 5) was used as the diffusion pump fluid. In switching the diffusion pump fluid to Santovac 5, a rigorous cleaning procedure capable of removing residual silicon pump fluid from the instrument was a critical step. This cleaning procedure can also be used for routine cleaning of the ion trap and other source components. © 1997 American Institute of Physics.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1063/1.1148276
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  • 5
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Laser-induced surface ionization in a time-of-flight mass spectrometer (1995)
    [S.l.] : American Institute of Physics (AIP)
    Review of Scientific Instruments 66 (1995), S. 55-62 
    Details
    ISSN: 1089-7623
    Source: AIP Digital Archive
    Topics: Physics , Electrical Engineering, Measurement and Control Technology
    Notes: A laser-induced ionization scheme based on laser-metal interaction is described. It is found that when a low power, pulsed UV laser beam is directed to the repeller plate of a Wiley–McLaren time-of-flight mass spectrometer (TOFMS), which is held at much higher positive potential than the extraction grid, extensive ionization of gas phase species can take place. For monatomic species such as Ar and Xe, multiply charged ions up to Ar6+ and Xe9+ are obtained. For both aromatic and aliphatic organic molecules, classical electron-impact-type mass spectra are observed. Mass resolution is in the range of 300–400, comparable to that obtained using laser-induced resonant two-photon ionization (R2PI) in the same linear TOFMS. It is shown that this technique can be quite efficient in ionizing organic species. A detection limit of 5 ng and a linear dynamic range of four orders of magnitude for benzene are demonstrated. While not as sensitive as R2PI, it has a much wider applicability and more uniform ionization efficiency than R2PI. It also appears about 1000 times more sensitive than the incorporation of an electron gun in TOFMS. The technique can be interchanged with R2PI very readily by simply adjusting the position and focus of the laser beam. While the ionization mechanism involved in the technique is currently unknown, some preliminary investigation of the ionization process is reported. It is suspected that photoelectron generation from the plate surface may play some important role in producing the ions detected. © 1995 American Institute of Physics.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1063/1.1146351
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  • 6
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Systematic study of Ga1−xInxAs self-assembled quantum wires with varying interfacial strain relaxation (2001)
    [S.l.] : American Institute of Physics (AIP)
    Journal of Applied Physics 89 (2001), S. 2251-2260 
    Details
    ISSN: 1089-7550
    Source: AIP Digital Archive
    Topics: Physics
    Notes: A systematic theoretical study of the electronic and optical properties of Ga1−xInxAs self-assembled quantum wires (QWRs) made of short-period superlattices with strain-induced lateral ordering is presented. The theory is based on the effective bond-orbital model combined with a valence-force-field (VFF) model. Valence-band anisotropy, band mixing, and effects due to local strain distribution at the atomistic level are all taken into account. Several structure models with varying degrees of alloy mixing for lateral modulation are considered. A VFF model is used to find the equilibrium atomic positions in the QWR structure by minimizing the lattice energy. The strain tensor at each atomic (In or Ga) site is then obtained and included in the calculation of electronic states and optical properties. It is found that different local arrangement of atoms leads to very different strain distribution, which in turn alters the optical properties. In particular, we find that in model structures with thick capping layer the electrons and holes are confined in the Ga-rich region and the optical anisotropy can be reversed due to the variation of lateral alloy mixing, while for model structures with thin capping layer the electrons and holes are confined in the In-rich region, and the optical anisotropy is much less sensitive to the lateral alloy mixing. © 2001 American Institute of Physics.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1063/1.1323540
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  • 7
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Electron density studies of porphyrins and phthalocyanines. IV. Electron density distribution in crystals of (meso-tetraphenylporphinato) iron(II) (1986)
    College Park, Md. : American Institute of Physics (AIP)
    The Journal of Chemical Physics 84 (1986), S. 6969-6978 
    Details
    ISSN: 1089-7690
    Source: AIP Digital Archive
    Topics: Physics , Chemistry and Pharmacology
    Notes: The electron density distribution in crystals of (meso-tetraphenylporphinato)iron(II) has been analyzed using accurate x-ray diffraction data collected at 120 K. The structural results are in agreement with those of the room temperature study. Theoretical calculations predict several different ground states for the complex and in particular support the 3A2g and the 3EgA states. The experimental electron density distribution shows large peaks above and below the iron atom which would not be present for a 3EgA ground state. Comparison with Mössbauer quadrupole splittings and the result of the aspherical atom refinement indicate that the axial peaks may be systematically too high in this acentric crystal structure. Nevertheless, it is concluded that their presence indicates a relatively small contribution of the 3EgA state to the ground state of the complex. This implies that the ground state of FeTPP is different from that of iron(II)phthalocyanine in the crystal. A significant population of electrons is found in the dx2−y2 orbital which is mainly attributed to σ donation of electrons from the porphyrin ligand.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1063/1.450617
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  • 8
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Photo-induced dissociation of electrospray generated ions in an ion trap/time-of-flight mass spectrometer (1999)
    [S.l.] : American Institute of Physics (AIP)
    Review of Scientific Instruments 70 (1999), S. 4192-4199 
    Details
    ISSN: 1089-7623
    Source: AIP Digital Archive
    Topics: Physics , Electrical Engineering, Measurement and Control Technology
    Notes: Laser photo-induced dissociation (PID) is an attractive alternative to collision-induced dissociation (CID) in probing structural features of biomolecules, such as peptides, by mass spectrometry. We report a new experimental setup for PID studies of biomolecules. It involves the use of an ion trap/time-of-flight mass spectrometer for the detection of PID products. The intact molecular ions are produced by electrospray ionization and introduced into a quadrupole ion trap. The ions stored in the trap are then dissociated by using a 266 nm laser beam from a pulsed Nd:yttrium–aluminium–garnet laser. After a short delay, all the fragment ions are extracted out of the trap and mass analyzed by a linear time-of-flight (TOF) mass spectrometer. The applications of this instrument for the PID studies of several peptides are demonstrated. The PID spectra are compared to those obtained by CID in the same instrument. It is shown that the amount of photoenergy deposited for fragmentation can be controlled by laser absorption property of the ions, laser power, number of laser pulses, and ion trap buffer gas pressure. Energetically optimal PID process results in spectra providing structural information similar to that obtained from CID. An excessive amount of photoenergy deposited to the fragmenting ions favors the formation of deep fragmentation products at the cost of sequence related ions. It is demonstrated that in some cases the PID technique has the potential in probing structural features of peptides that cannot be fragmented in ion trap CID. Finally, it is shown that the combination of the ion trap with the TOF detector provides a unique capability for fast detection of ions formed via PID. The PID products generated after a time delay from 1.5 μs to several milliseconds following the dissociation laser pulse can be characterized. © 1999 American Institute of Physics.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1063/1.1150051
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  • 9
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    A high-temperature pulsed solenoid valve for supersonic jet introduction up to 550 °C (1989)
    [S.l.] : American Institute of Physics (AIP)
    Review of Scientific Instruments 60 (1989), S. 499-501 
    Details
    ISSN: 1089-7623
    Source: AIP Digital Archive
    Topics: Physics , Electrical Engineering, Measurement and Control Technology
    Notes: A pulsed solenoid valve which can operate up to 550 °C has been designed for supersonic jet introduction. This valve uses a novel design where the nozzle head, which serves as the hot oven, and the solenoid operator are separated and the latter is maintained at a relatively low temperature using water cooling. A long steel plunger forms a metal-to-metal seal at the orifice which is broken when the magnetic field generated by the solenoid pulls back the plunger. Thus, although the oven operates at the high temperatures required for nonvolatile materials, the solenoid operator and electrical parts remain relatively cool.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1063/1.1140408
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  • 10
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Pulsed laser desorption method for volatilizing thermally labile molecules for supersonic jet spectroscopy (1988)
    [S.l.] : American Institute of Physics (AIP)
    Review of Scientific Instruments 59 (1988), S. 557-561 
    Details
    ISSN: 1089-7623
    Source: AIP Digital Archive
    Topics: Physics , Electrical Engineering, Measurement and Control Technology
    Notes: A technique using pulsed laser desorption is described as a means of volatilizing nonvolatile and thermally labile molecules into the gas phase for entrainment in supersonic jet expansions. By carefully controlling the laser desorption power and by using a glycerol matrix to provide a thin even film of sample, repetitive desorption can be achieved over an extended period for performing jet spectroscopy. Using resonant two-photon ionization spectroscopy while monitoring only the molecular ion in a time-of-flight mass spectrometer, cold sharp spectra are observed for molecules which are difficult to volatilize by conventional heating methods.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1063/1.1139832
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