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1

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Hydroxycinnamoylputrescines are not causally involved in the tuberization process in potato plants (1992)

Leubner-Metzger, Gerhard ; Amrhein, Nikolaus

Oxford, UK : Blackwell Publishing Ltd

Physiologia plantarum 86 (1992), S. 0

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ISSN: 1399-3054

Source: Blackwell Publishing Journal Backfiles 1879-2005

Topics: Biology

Notes: The possible role of hydroxycinnamoylputrescines in the tuberization process of potato plants was studied using in vitro tuberization systems. Minitubers in shoot cultures of Solanum tuberosum ssp. andigena and S. tuberosum ssp. tuberosum were obtained in vitro within 3 weeks of dark incubation after increasing the sucrose concentration in the Murashige-Skoog (T. Murashige and F. Skoog. 1962. Physiol. Plant. 15: 473–497.) medium (without hormones) from 60 to 240 mM. both in the presence and absence of benzylaminopurine (BAP). Feruloylputrescine (FP) and caffeoylputrescine (CP) increased with tuberization, with a sharp maximum at day 9 in the shoot, but only when the medium contained BAP. When inhibitors of phenylalanine ammonia-lyase (PAL) and of polyamine biosynthesis were added to the medium containing BAP, the levels of FP and CP were reduced to values lower than those observed in the absence of BAP, but there was no significant effect on the number and dry weight of tubers formed. Addition of BAP without increasing the sucrose content also resulted in CP and FP accumulation. but failed to induce tuberization of the cultures. Experiments with in vitro stolon cultures and leaf cuttings also supported the conclusion that CP and FP accumulated as a response to the application of BAP, without having any effect on optimal tuberization. These results indicate that the increase of hydroxycinnamoylputrescines during tuber formation is unlikely to be causally involved in the tuberization process in potato plants.

Type of Medium: Electronic Resource

URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1111/j.1399-3054.1992.tb01349.x

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2

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Effects of gibberellins, darkness and osmotica on endosperm rupture and class I β-1,3-glucanase induction in tobacco seed germination (1996)

Leubner-Metzger, Gerhard ; Fründt, Corinne ; Meins, Frederick

Springer

Planta 199 (1996), S. 282-288

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ISSN: 1432-2048

Keywords: Endosperm ; Germination ; Gibberellin ; β-1,3-Glucanase ; Nicotiana ; Photodormancy

Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000

Topics: Biology

Notes: Abstract The “Havana 425” cultivar of Nicotiana tabacum L. is photodormant. Gibberellins (e.g. 10−5 M GA4 or GA7) can substitute for light in releasing dormancy. Measurements of β-1,3-glucanase activity, mRNA accumulation and the activity of the class I β-1,3-glucanase B promoter indicated that class I β-1,3-glucanases are induced by GA4 in the dark in association with germination. As in the light, this induction occurred prior to endosperm rupture and was localized exclusively in the micropylar region of the endosperm where the radicle will penetrate. Abscisic acid (ABA, 10−5 M) did not appreciably affect GA-induced release of photodormancy or seed-coat rupture, but it delayed endosperm rupture and inhibited the rate of class I β-1,3-glucanase accumulation. Seeds imbibed in the light in the presence of osmotica, e.g. 0.04 M polyethylene glycol 6000, showed delayed seed-coat and endosperm rupture, delayed onset of β-1,3-glucanase induction, and decreased rates of β-1,3-glucanase accumulation. These delays were shortened by GA4 treatment. Our results suggest that GAs and ABA act at two distinct sites during germination and that expansive growth of the embryo acts in two ways by triggering β-1,3-glucanase induction and by providing force for endosperm penetration. This provides further support for our working hypothesis that class I β-1,3-glucanases promote endosperm weakening and facilitate radicle penetration.

Type of Medium: Electronic Resource

URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/BF00196570

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Ethylene promotes ethylene biosynthesis during pea seed germination by positive feedback regulation of 1-aminocyclo-propane-1-carboxylic acid oxidase (2000)

Petruzzelli, Luciana ; Coraggio, Immacolata ; Leubner-Metzger, Gerhard

Springer

Planta 211 (2000), S. 144-149

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ISSN: 1432-2048

Keywords: Key words: 1-Aminocyclopropane-1-carboxylic acid oxidase – Ethylene – Feedback regulation –Pisum (ethylene biosynthesis) – Seed germination – Signalling

Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000

Topics: Biology

Notes: Abstract. Increased ethylene evolution accompanies seed germination of many species including Pisum sativum L., but only a little is known about the regulation of the ethylene biosynthetic pathway in different seed tissues. Biosynthesis of the direct ethylene precursor 1-aminocyclopropane-1-carboxylic acid (ACC), the expression of ACC oxidase (ACO), and ethylene production were investigated in the cotyledons and embryonic axis of germinating pea seeds. An early onset and sequential induction of ACC biosynthesis, accumulation of Ps-ACO1 mRNA and of ACO activity, and ethylene production were localized almost exclusively in the embryonic axis. Maximal levels of ACC, Ps-ACO1 mRNA, ACO enzyme activity and ethylene evolution were found when radicle emergence was just complete. Treatment of germinating seeds with ethylene alone or in combination with the inhibitor of ethylene action 2,5-norbornadiene showed that endogenous ethylene regulates its own biosynthesis through a positive feedback loop that enhances ACO expression. Accumulation of Ps-ACO1 mRNA and of ACO enzyme activity in the embryonic axis during the late phase of germination required ethylene, whereas Ps-ACS1 mRNA levels and overall ACC contents were not induced by ethylene treatment. Ethylene did not induce ACO in the embryonic axis during the early phase of germination. Ethylene-independent signalling pathways regulate the spatial and temporal pattern of ethylene biosynthesis, whereas the ethylene signalling pathway regulates high-level ACO expression in the embryonic axis, and thereby enhances ethylene evolution during seed germination.

Type of Medium: Electronic Resource

URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/s004250000274

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4

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Distinct ethylene- and tissue-specific regulation of β-1,3-glucanases and chitinases during pea seed germination (1999)

Petruzzelli, Luciana ; Kunz, Christian ; Waldvogel, Rosa ; [et al.]

Springer

Planta 209 (1999), S. 195-201

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ISSN: 1432-2048

Keywords: Key words: Chitinase ; Ethylene ; β-1 ; 3-Glucanase ; Pisum ; Seed germination ; Signalling

Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000

Topics: Biology

Notes: Abstract. The expression of β-1,3-glucanase (βGlu) and chitinase (Chn) was investigated in the testa, cotyledons, and embryonic axis of germinating Pisum sativum L. cv. `Espresso generoso' seeds. High concentrations of βGlu and Chn activity were found in the embryonic axis. Treatment with ethylene alone or in combination with the inhibitor of ethylene action 2,5-norbornadiene showed that an early, 4-fold induction of βGlu activity in the embryonic axis during the first 20 h after the start of imbibition is ethylene-independent. This initial increase was followed by a later 4-fold ethylene-dependent induction in the embryonic axis starting at 50 h, which is after the onset of ethylene evolution and after completion of radicle emergence. The βGlu activity in cotyledons increased gradually throughout germination and was ethylene-independent. In contrast, the ethylene-independent Chn activity increased slightly after the onset of radical emergence in the embryonic axis and remained at a constant low level in cotyledons. Immunoinactivation assays and immunoblot analyses suggest that early βGlu activity in the embryonic axis is due to a 54-kDa antigen, whereas late induction is due to a 34.5-kDa antigen, which is likely to be the ethylene-inducible class I βGlu G2 described for immature pea pods. Increases in Chn in the embryonic axis were correlated with a 26-kDa antigen, whereas amounts of the additional 32- and 20-kDa antigens remained roughly constant. Thus, ethylene-dependent and ethylene-independent pathways regulate βGlu and Chn during pea seed germination. The pattern of regulation differs from that of leaves and immature pods, and from that described for germinating tobacco seeds. The functional significance of this regulation and its underlying mechanisms are discussed.

Type of Medium: Electronic Resource

URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/s004250050622

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5

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Ethylene-responsive element binding protein (EREBP) expression and the transcriptional regulation of class I β-1,3-glucanase during tobacco seed germination (1998)

Leubner-Metzger, Gerhard ; Petruzzelli, Luciana ; Waldvogel, Rosa ; [et al.]

Springer

Plant molecular biology 38 (1998), S. 785-795

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ISSN: 1573-5028

Keywords: endosperm ; Nicotiana ; β-1,3-glucanase ; ethylene ; ethylene-responsive element ; DNA binding protein ; signal transduction ; seed dormancy

Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000

Topics: Biology

Notes: Abstract Class I β-1,3-glucanase (βGLU I) is transcriptionally induced in the micropylar endosperm just before its rupture prior to the germination (i.e. radicle emergence) of Nicotiana tabacum L. cv. ‘Havana 425’ seeds. Ethylene is involved in endosperm rupture and high-level βGLU I expression; but, it does not affect the spatial and temporal pattern of βGLU I expression. A promoter deletion analysis of the tobacco βGLU I B gene suggests that (1) the distal −1452 to −1193 region, which contains the positively acting ethylene-responsive element (ERE), is required for high-level, ethylene-sensitive expression, (2) the regions −1452 to −1193 and −402 to 0 contribute to down-regulation by abscisic acid (ABA), and (3) the region −402 to −211 is necessary and sufficient for low-level micropylar-endosperm-specific expression. Transcripts of the ERE-binding proteins (EREBPs) showed a novel pattern of expression during seed germination: light or gibberellin was required for EREBP-3 and EREBP-4 expression; EREBP-4 expression was constitutive and unaffected by ABA or ethylene; EREBP-3 showed transient induction just before endosperm rupture, which was earlier in ethylene-treated seeds and inhibited by ABA. No expression of EREBP-1 and EREBP-2 was detected. In contrast to βGLU I, EREBP-3 and EREBP-4 were not expressed specifically in the micropylar endosperm. The results suggest that transcriptional regulation of βGLU I could depend on: activation of ethylene signalling pathways acting via EREBP-3 with the ERE as the target, and ethylene-independent signalling pathways with targets in the proximal promoter region that are likely to determine spatial and temporal patterns of expression.

Type of Medium: Electronic Resource

URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1023/A:1006040425383

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6

Electronic Resource

Latex allergen database (1997)

Posch, Anton ; Chen, Zhiping ; Dunn, Michael J. ; [et al.]

Weinheim : Wiley-Blackwell

Electrophoresis 18 (1997), S. 2803-2810

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ISSN: 0173-0835

Keywords: Latex allergy ; Two-dimensional polyacrylamide gel electrophoresis ; Immunoblotting ; Protein microsequencing ; Chemistry ; Biochemistry and Biotechnology

Source: Wiley InterScience Backfile Collection 1832-2000

Topics: Biology , Chemistry and Pharmacology

Notes: Two-dimensional (2-D) electrophoresis followed by immunoblotting and N-terminal protein microsequencing were used to characterize and identify the IgE-reactive proteins of Hevea latex that are the main cause of the latex type I allergy affecting especially health care workers and spina bifida children. This approach generated a comprehensive latex allergen database, which facilitated the integration of most of the latex allergen data presented in the literature. The major latex allergens Hev b 1, Hev b 3, Hev b 6 and Hev b 7 have been localized on our 2-D maps. Moreover, we were able to identify six previously undescribed IgE-binding latex proteins, namely enolase, superoxide dismutase, proteasome subunit C5, malate dehydrogenase, triosephosphate isomerase and endochitinase. The generated latex 2-D maps will provide valuable information to develop strategies for the isolation of the novel IgE binding proteins in order to study the frequency of sensitization among both risk groups. Detailed knowledge of all proteins involved in latex allergy will allow better diagnosis of latex allergy and to monitor the success of prevention strategies that are needed to reduce the high prevalence of latex allergy among both risk groups.

Additional Material: 5 Ill.

Type of Medium: Electronic Resource

URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1002/elps.1150181515

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