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  • 1
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    A new EMAG metrological approach for submarine detection: fundamentals of the numerical protocols and preliminary field performance (2015)
    Details
    Publication Date: 2020-12-15
    Description: The characteristics of the geomagnetic field and its artificial components make the capability of reading and classifying large underwater cinematic sources (e.g. submarines) somewhat random. As an example the “ASW far detection procedure” is also affected by the induced magnetic field produced by man-made telluric currents. This could generate some dangerous false alarm. The problem is not an instrumental issue related to the instrument precision of the sensor (commercial magnetometers have precisions greater than the one required by the application) but a classical metrological matter that could be overcome with a correct measurement procedure. This moves the problem from technological to phenomenological aspects. By applying the C.A.I.MA.N. (Coastal Anti-Intruder MAgnetometric Network) experience, inter-nodal distances in the observation chain were calculated so as to correlate the noise and de-correlate the target signal (source type SU.S. "SUbmarine Standard"). By means of C.A.I.MA.N. protocols, targets signal contained in the “detection magnetogram” F(target) was isolated from F(noise+target) magnetogram using F(noise) (that includes also natural variations) as Time-Domain filter, and then submitted to standard LP procedure to increase the information capability. Finally, to overcome metrological problems related to the low incremental ratio [∂F/∂s]ds of the detected signal, we propose a power domain analysis of the detection magnetogram. Also without a dedicated technology, in a preliminary experiment for SU.S. detection the C.A.I.MA.N. anti-intruder system has been occasionally modified: the first results obtained in this study were found encouraging and further detailed investigations within this framework should be undertaken in a future study.
    Description: Published
    Description: IFA, Spain
    Description: 6A. Monitoraggio ambientale, sicurezza e territorio
    Description: restricted
    Keywords: underwater detection systems, port protection, magnetic signal processing, underwater magnetometers array
    Repository Name: Istituto Nazionale di Geofisica e Vulcanologia (INGV)
    Type: Conference paper
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  • 2
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    Development of Anti Intruders Underwater Systems: Time Domain Evaluation of the Self-informed Magnetic Networks Performance (2008)
    Springer-Verlag Berlin Heidelberg
    Details
    Publication Date: 2017-04-04
    Description: This paper shows the result obtained during the operative test of an anti-intrusion undersea magnetic system based on a magnetometers’ new self-informed network. The experiment takes place in a geomagnetic space characterized by medium-high environmental noise with a relevant human origin magnetic noise component. The system has two different input signals: the magnetic background field (natural + artificial) and a signal composed by the magnetic background field and the signal due to the target magnetic field. The system uses the first signal as filter for the second one to detect the target magnetic signal. The effectiveness of the procedure is related to the position of the magnetic field observation points (reference devices and sentinel devices). The sentinel devices must obtain correlation in the noise observations and de-correlations in the target signal observations. The system, during four tries of intrusion, has correctly detected all magnetic signals generated by divers.
    Description: Published
    Description: 100-1007
    Description: 1.6. Osservazioni di geomagnetismo
    Description: 2.5. Laboratorio per lo sviluppo di sistemi di rilevamento sottomarini
    Description: 3.4. Geomagnetismo
    Description: reserved
    Keywords: Critical Systems ; Port Protection ; Magnetic Systems ; 04. Solid Earth::04.05. Geomagnetism::04.05.04. Magnetic anomalies ; 04. Solid Earth::04.05. Geomagnetism::04.05.08. Instruments and techniques ; 05. General::05.01. Computational geophysics::05.01.01. Data processing ; 05. General::05.01. Computational geophysics::05.01.05. Algorithms and implementation
    Repository Name: Istituto Nazionale di Geofisica e Vulcanologia (INGV)
    Type: book chapter
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  • 3
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    Harbour Sea-floor Clearance: “HD” High Definition Magnetic Survey Performance (2009)
    MAST Events Ltd
    Details
    Publication Date: 2017-04-04
    Description: Seafloor clearance methods based on acoustic, direct-inspection, and single-sensor magnetic approaches suffer from limitations in controlling the target-sensor distance, and may prove ineffective when the small size or the dangerous nature of targets requires high accuracy in localization. Moreover, random magnetic variations over time bring about spatial decorrelation phenomena, and hinder the application of double-sensor methods in noisy harbour environments. The new High Definition (HD) magnetic survey protocol tackles the measurement-distance problem in two ways: first, by varying the sensor depth dynamically, and secondly by backprojecting the measured field according to seafloor data and vertical incremental factors associated with the bandwidth characteristics of targets. The method to make up for timeinduced loss in spatial localization ability exploits the local behaviour of a coherence function, which correlates local observations to a set of spatially-stabilized reference stations. The consequent normalization of measured magnetic signals allows one to assign the monitored areas with a specific level of confidence in the detection results, ranging from 100% (certainty) to 0% (random events). The principles of HD detection have been fully applied in the seafloor clearance of the firing test site located south of Cape Teulada (Sardinia, Italy), where very weak signal sources such as cartridge cases, mines, and small objects down to 1 Kg mass values (lobster pots) have been successfully localized, even when covered by extensive colonies of Posidonia.
    Description: Published
    Description: Stockolm, Sweden
    Description: 1.6. Osservazioni di geomagnetismo
    Description: 2.5. Laboratorio per lo sviluppo di sistemi di rilevamento sottomarini
    Description: 3.4. Geomagnetismo
    Description: open
    Keywords: Seafloor clearance ; magnetic survey ; magnetic detection ; proton Overhauser magnetometer ; 04. Solid Earth::04.02. Exploration geophysics::04.02.04. Magnetic and electrical methods ; 04. Solid Earth::04.02. Exploration geophysics::04.02.07. Instruments and techniques ; 04. Solid Earth::04.05. Geomagnetism::04.05.04. Magnetic anomalies ; 04. Solid Earth::04.05. Geomagnetism::04.05.08. Instruments and techniques ; 05. General::05.01. Computational geophysics::05.01.01. Data processing
    Repository Name: Istituto Nazionale di Geofisica e Vulcanologia (INGV)
    Type: Conference paper
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  • 4
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    Building the synthetic “Mac System”: an analytical integration of magnetic and acoustic subsystems for port protection scenarios. (2009)
    CLARION defence & security
    Details
    Publication Date: 2017-04-04
    Description: In order to obtain a preliminary overview on the effectiveness of the underwater anti-divers magnetic-acoustic “MAC System”, we have developed a synthesis between the results coming out from the two different subsystems (magnetic and acoustic), based on two different models, during two different test sections. The section covered by the magnetic component, measured near the NURC dock (La Spezia, Italy) in very noisy port condition, has been remodeled on the sea bottom profile of the access channel to the Italian Navy Base in La Spezia, which presents environmental electromagnetic noise compatible with the NURC’s one. In this entrance way has been executed an acoustic port protection experiment, too. The two different covered sections (magnetic and acoustic) have been merged to obtain an integrated synthetic model of the accuracy of the MAC System. The results have pointed out a remarkable increase of the antidivers covering effectiveness, in particular in the boundary zone of the access way to be protected: the confidence of the MAC System can be considered quite 1 and higher in respect to the sum of the confidence of the two subsystems.
    Description: Published
    Description: Cannes, France
    Description: 1.6. Osservazioni di geomagnetismo
    Description: 2.5. Laboratorio per lo sviluppo di sistemi di rilevamento sottomarini
    Description: 3.4. Geomagnetismo
    Description: open
    Keywords: port protection ; underwater magnetic array ; underwater acoustic array ; anti-intruders ; magnetic-acoustic system ; 04. Solid Earth::04.05. Geomagnetism::04.05.04. Magnetic anomalies ; 04. Solid Earth::04.05. Geomagnetism::04.05.08. Instruments and techniques ; 05. General::05.01. Computational geophysics::05.01.01. Data processing ; 05. General::05.01. Computational geophysics::05.01.05. Algorithms and implementation
    Repository Name: Istituto Nazionale di Geofisica e Vulcanologia (INGV)
    Type: Conference paper
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  • 5
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    A Preliminary Study on SVM based Analysis of Underwater Magnetic Signals for Port Protection (2009)
    Springer-Verlag
    Details
    Publication Date: 2017-04-04
    Description: People who attend to the problem of underwater port protection usually use sonar based systems. Recently it has been shown that integrating a sonar system with an auxiliary array of magnetic sensors can improve the effectiveness of the intruder detection system. One of the major issues that arise from the integrated magnetic and acoustic system is the interpretation of the magnetic signals coming from the sensors. In this paper a machine learning approach is proposed for the detection of divers or, in general, of underwater magnetic sources. The research proposed here, by means of a windowing of the signals, uses Support Vector Machines for classification, as tool for the detection problem. Empirical results show the effectiveness of the method.
    Description: Published
    Description: 37-44
    Description: 1.6. Osservazioni di geomagnetismo
    Description: 2.5. Laboratorio per lo sviluppo di sistemi di rilevamento sottomarini
    Description: 3.4. Geomagnetismo
    Description: open
    Keywords: underwater detection systems ; port protection ; magnetic signal processing ; Support Vector Machine ; 04. Solid Earth::04.05. Geomagnetism::04.05.04. Magnetic anomalies ; 04. Solid Earth::04.05. Geomagnetism::04.05.08. Instruments and techniques ; 05. General::05.01. Computational geophysics::05.01.01. Data processing ; 05. General::05.01. Computational geophysics::05.01.05. Algorithms and implementation
    Repository Name: Istituto Nazionale di Geofisica e Vulcanologia (INGV)
    Type: book chapter
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  • 6
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    Time Domain Performances Analysis of Underwater Magnetic SIMAN Systems for Port Protection (2009)
    Dynamic Publishers, Inc.
    Details
    Publication Date: 2017-04-04
    Description: In the new world military scenario, potential terrorist action against port structures is of increasing concern. By this way one of the most dangerous situations is represented by individual divers’ attacks which have to be considered as critical as an intrusion conduced by military divers of an enemy nation army. In fact, divers can approach protected littoral areas by exploiting regions inaccessible to acoustic-based systems, such as acoustic shadow zones caused by natural or man made actions (i.e. irregular seabed morphology, obstacles, high reverberation regions, etc…). The magnetic detection method offers a potentially interesting solution to this problem in such regions by integrating acoustic based intruder detection systems. This paper shows the result obtained during the operative test of a port protection underwater system based on a magnetometers’ new self-informed network. The experiment takes place in a geomagnetic space characterized by medium-high environmental noise with a relevant human origin magnetic noise component. The system has two different input signals: the magnetic background field (natural + artificial noise) and a signal composed by the magnetic background field and the magnetic field due to the target (informative signal). The system uses the first signal as filter for the second one to detect the target magnetic signal. The effectiveness of this procedure is related to the position of the magnetic field observation points (reference devices and sentinel devices). The sentinel devices must obtain correlation in the noise observations and de-correlation in the target signal observations. The system, during four tries of intrusion, has correctly detected all magnetic signals generated by divers. The processing of magnetic signals has been enhanced by implementing an amplitude threshold to cut the passive energy components, which are those components that don’t contain useful information about diver passages. The use of this Passive Energy Cutter (PEC) increases the reliability of the system in terms of detection probability versus false alarm probability, as evidenced by the comparison of the ROC curves for the system with and without the PEC use.
    Description: Published
    Description: 538-545
    Description: 1.6. Osservazioni di geomagnetismo
    Description: 2.5. Laboratorio per lo sviluppo di sistemi di rilevamento sottomarini
    Description: 3.4. Geomagnetismo
    Description: N/A or not JCR
    Description: reserved
    Keywords: Critical Systems ; Port Protection ; Underwater Detection Systems ; Magnetometer Networks ; Earth’s Magnetic Field ; Magnetic Signal Processing ; 04. Solid Earth::04.05. Geomagnetism::04.05.04. Magnetic anomalies ; 04. Solid Earth::04.05. Geomagnetism::04.05.08. Instruments and techniques ; 05. General::05.01. Computational geophysics::05.01.01. Data processing ; 05. General::05.01. Computational geophysics::05.01.05. Algorithms and implementation
    Repository Name: Istituto Nazionale di Geofisica e Vulcanologia (INGV)
    Type: article
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  • 7
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    Linear SVM for Underwater Magnetic Signals Based Port Protection (2010)
    Dynamic Publishers, Inc.
    Details
    Publication Date: 2017-04-04
    Description: The classical approach used to solve the underwater port protection problem is the acoustic based technique (sonar sensors). It has been shown that integrating a sonar system with an auxiliary array of magnetic sensors can improve the overall effectiveness of the intruder detection system. One of the major problems that arise from the use of magnetic systems is the interpretation of the magnetic signals coming from the sensors. In this paper a machine learning approach is explored for the detection of divers or, in general, of underwater magnetic sources that should ultimately support an automatic detection system. Currently this task requires a human online monitoring or an offline signal processing procedure. The proposed research, by windowing the sensed signals, uses Linear Support Vector Machines for classification, as tool for the detection problem. Preliminary empirical results show the viability of the method.
    Description: Published
    Description: 401-408
    Description: 1.6. Osservazioni di geomagnetismo
    Description: 2.5. Laboratorio per lo sviluppo di sistemi di rilevamento sottomarini
    Description: 3.4. Geomagnetismo
    Description: N/A or not JCR
    Description: restricted
    Keywords: underwater detection systems ; port protection ; magnetic signal processing ; Support Vector Machine ; 04. Solid Earth::04.05. Geomagnetism::04.05.04. Magnetic anomalies ; 04. Solid Earth::04.05. Geomagnetism::04.05.08. Instruments and techniques ; 05. General::05.01. Computational geophysics::05.01.01. Data processing ; 05. General::05.01. Computational geophysics::05.01.05. Algorithms and implementation
    Repository Name: Istituto Nazionale di Geofisica e Vulcanologia (INGV)
    Type: article
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  • 8
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    Computational Intelligence Methods for Underwater Magnetic-based Protection Systems (2011)
    International Neural Network Society & IEEE Computation Intelligence Society
    Details
    Publication Date: 2017-04-04
    Description: Magnetic-based detection technologies for undersea protection systems are very effective in monitoring critical areas where weak signal sources are difficult to identify (e.g. diver intrusion in proximity of the seafloor). The complexity of the involved geomagnetic phenomena and the nature of the target detection strategy require the use of adaptive methods for signal processing. The paper shows that Computational Intelligence (CI) models can be integrated with those magnetic-based technologies, and presents an effective, reliable system for adaptive undersea protection. Two different CI paradigms are successfully tested for the specific application task: Circular BackPropagation (CBP) and Support Vector Machines (SVMs). Experimental results on real data prove the advantage of the integrated approach over existing conventional methods. Individual CI components and the overall detection system have been verified in real experiments.
    Description: Published
    Description: San Jose, California, USA
    Description: 1.6. Osservazioni di geomagnetismo
    Description: 2.5. Laboratorio per lo sviluppo di sistemi di rilevamento sottomarini
    Description: 3.4. Geomagnetismo
    Description: open
    Keywords: underwater detection systems ; port protection ; magnetic signal processing ; Support Vector Machine ; 04. Solid Earth::04.05. Geomagnetism::04.05.04. Magnetic anomalies ; 04. Solid Earth::04.05. Geomagnetism::04.05.08. Instruments and techniques ; 05. General::05.01. Computational geophysics::05.01.01. Data processing ; 05. General::05.01. Computational geophysics::05.01.05. Algorithms and implementation
    Repository Name: Istituto Nazionale di Geofisica e Vulcanologia (INGV)
    Type: Conference paper
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  • 9
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    Design and performance analysis of the mechanical structure of a piezoelectric generator by Von Karman vortexes for underwater energy harvesting (2015)
    Details
    Publication Date: 2017-04-04
    Description: With the decrease in energy consumption of electronic sensors, the concept of harvesting renewable energy in human surrounding becomes a must. In this context, piezoelectric generators seems promising since they can harvests mechanical vibrations and in general energy available in nature. The aim of this paper is to design a piezoelectric generators, optimized for different kind of sensors and electronic equipments, able to work under the sea or into rivers, which can work with natural water vibrations generated by solid-fluid objects interactions (Von-Karman Vortex) and then to test the effectiveness of the device developing an electronic board to analyze the behavior of the generator.
    Description: Published
    Description: Bergen, Norway
    Description: 6A. Monitoraggio ambientale, sicurezza e territorio
    Description: restricted
    Keywords: energy harvesting; piezoelectricity; Von-Karman Vortex; fluid dynamics
    Repository Name: Istituto Nazionale di Geofisica e Vulcanologia (INGV)
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  • 10
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    Metrological Analysis of Geopotential Gravity Field for Harbor Waterside Management and Water Quality Control (2015)
    Hindawi Publishing Corporation
    Details
    Publication Date: 2017-04-04
    Description: Sea level oscillations are the superposition of many contributions. In particular, tide is a sea level up-down water motion basically depending on three different phenomena: the Earth-Moon-Sun gravitational relationship, the water surface fluid reaction to atmospheric meteorological dynamic, and the Newtonian vertical adjustment of the sea surface due to atmospheric pressure variations. The first tide component (astrotide) is periodic and well known in all points of the Earth surface; the second one is directly related to the meteorological phenomenon, and then it is foreseeable; the Newtonian component, on the contrary, is not readily predictable by a general hydrostatic law, because the 𝐽 factor that represents the Newtonian transfer (from the atmospheric weight to the consequent sea level) is variable in each harbor area.The analysis of the gravity field permits to forecast the sea level variation due to meteorological tide events, and itsmetrological analysis highlights a compensation in the inverse hydrobarometric factor to be taken into account to correctly compensate atmospheric pressure variations in semibinding basins. This phenomenon has several consequences in HarborWaterside management and in water quality control as shown by the reported case studies and introduces a new reference parameter: the so-calledWater 1000.
    Description: Published
    Description: ID 398956
    Description: 6A. Monitoraggio ambientale, sicurezza e territorio
    Description: N/A or not JCR
    Description: restricted
    Keywords: meteorological tide waves, Newtonian sea level compensation, tide forecasting, environmental harbours quality ; 03. Hydrosphere::03.01. General::03.01.02. Equatorial and regional oceanography ; 03. Hydrosphere::03.01. General::03.01.04. Ocean data assimilation and reanalysis ; 03. Hydrosphere::03.01. General::03.01.08. Instruments and techniques ; 05. General::05.01. Computational geophysics::05.01.01. Data processing ; 05. General::05.01. Computational geophysics::05.01.05. Algorithms and implementation
    Repository Name: Istituto Nazionale di Geofisica e Vulcanologia (INGV)
    Type: article
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