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  • 1
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Defining the validity of a biochemical index of soil quality (1999)
    Springer
    Biology and fertility of soils 30 (1999), S. 140-146 
    Details
    ISSN: 1432-0789
    Keywords: Key words Soil quality indicators ; Soil biochemical properties ; Soil degradation ; Soil pollution
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Biology , Geosciences , Agriculture, Forestry, Horticulture, Fishery, Domestic Science, Nutrition
    Notes: Abstract  The native soils of Galicia (NW Spain) exhibit a biochemical equilibrium such that total soil N is a function of five biochemical and microbiological parameters: microbial biomass C, mineralized N, phosphomonoesterase, β-glucosidase and urease activities. To investigate whether the ratio of the total N calculated from biochemical soil properties (Nc) and the total N as measured by the Kjeldahl method (Nk; Nc/Nk) can be used as an index of soil quality, we determined these variables and consequently the ratio in three kinds of disturbed soils: an artificially Cu-contaminated soil, two lignite mine soils, and a number of arable soils. In none of the studied soils did the individual biochemical parameters respond consistently to the factors influencing soil quality, but in all cases soil degradation was reflected by the Nc/Nk value, which differed more or less markedly from 100%. Nc/Nk can therefore be used for the rapid evaluation of soil degradation, since it distinguishes among biochemically balanced soils, soils in a transient state of high microbiological and biochemical activity and degraded soils. It can also serve as a reliable basis for the rapid calculation of the "ecological dose" (ED50) of soil pollutants. The use of Nc/Nk as an objective index of the biochemical quality of soils is recommended.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/s003740050600
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  • 2
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Biochemical characterization of biological activity in very young mine soils (1992)
    Springer
    Biology and fertility of soils 13 (1992), S. 25-30 
    Details
    ISSN: 1432-0789
    Keywords: Soil biochemical properties ; Soil respiration ; Soil enzymes ; Reclamation ; Lignite-mine soils
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Biology , Geosciences , Agriculture, Forestry, Horticulture, Fishery, Domestic Science, Nutrition
    Notes: Summary A number of biochemical parameters reflecting biological activity (respiration, ATP, enzyme activities) were determined in 0- to 7-year-old lignite mine soils. C (as CO2) and ATP contents and hydrolytic enzyme activities all increased with soil age. The kinetics of CO2 release showed that both labile and recalcitrant C-bearing substrates were mineralized, the mineralization constant of C decreased with soil age, but were always greater than those of native soils. The percentage of N mineralization, which tended to decrease with soil age, resulted in all cases in a predominance of ammoniacal forms. These findings suggest that since organic C and N accumulated with age in these soils, the C and N cycle is established progressively.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/BF00337233
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  • 3
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Nitrogen forms in 1- to 7-year-old opencast lignite mine soils (1993)
    Springer
    Biology and fertility of soils 16 (1993), S. 173-178 
    Details
    ISSN: 1432-0789
    Keywords: Organic N forms ; Soil reclamation ; Lignite mine soils ; Amino acid N ; Unknown hydrolysable N ; Humus
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Biology , Geosciences , Agriculture, Forestry, Horticulture, Fishery, Domestic Science, Nutrition
    Notes: Abstract We studied the distribution of different forms of N in very young (0- to 7-year-old) soils from the Meirama lignite mine in northwest Spain. Total N increased rapidly with soil age, largely in the humic acid-associated fraction. Acid hydrolysis indicated that amino acid N and a hydrolysable unknown form of N increased with soil age. The fractionation reported by Bettany et al. (1980) indicated that alkali/pyrophosphate-extractable humus increased with soil age. All these data suggest that there is rapid stabilization of organic N during the first few years of evolution of these mine soils, to the extent that distribution of N forms in the 7-year-old soil is very similar to that in native soils.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/BF00361403
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  • 4
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Soil recovery at the Meirama opencast lignite mine in northwest Spain: A comparison of the effectiveness of cattle slurry and inorganic fertilizer (1996)
    Springer
    Water, air & soil pollution 91 (1996), S. 109-124 
    Details
    ISSN: 1573-2932
    Keywords: spoil recovery ; mine soils ; soil quality ; organic amendments ; soil functions
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Energy, Environment Protection, Nuclear Power Engineering
    Notes: Abstract Effective minesoil recovery requires spoils to be converted to soils of similar quality to those previously existing on that site. The developing minesoil should thus acquire three critical capacities, namely the capacities to a) support plant production, b) degrade organic matter and c) remove contaminants from water. The degree of development of these capacities provides a useful measure of soil quality and thus of the success of a given soil recovery technique. At the Meirama lignite mine in Galicia (northwest Spain), the possibility of using cattle slurry instead of the inorganic fertilizers currently used is being investigated. The results of a number of experiments suggest that cattle slurry is more effective (in terms of the above three critical capacities) than inorganic fertilizer. In slurry-fertilized spoils, rapid increases are observed in vegetation cover, in the relative abundance of self-seeded native plant species, in soil microbial activity and in those physical and chemical properties which affect infiltration and the capacity to remove contaminants from percolating water.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/BF00280927
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  • 5
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Weathering processes under various moisture conditions in a lignite mine spoil from as pontes (N.W. Spain) (1997)
    Springer
    Water, air & soil pollution 96 (1997), S. 347-366 
    Details
    ISSN: 1573-2932
    Keywords: acidification ; chemical weathering ; hydroxysulfates formation ; mine spoil ; sulfides oxidation
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Energy, Environment Protection, Nuclear Power Engineering
    Notes: Abstract Processes contributing to acid release/consumption during weathering of a lignite mine spoil (2.3% w/w S as sulfides) from As Pontes (N.W. Spain) were studied under three moisture conditions (at field capacity or under alternate wetting-drying or forced percolation), which were simulated in laboratory experiments. Oxidation of sulfides to sulfates was favoured under all three moisture conditions, releasing most acid in spoil kept at field capacity. Hydroxysulfates formed in spoil kept at field capacity or under alternate wetting-drying conditions, thereby contributing to acid release. Acid consumption by dissolution of clay minerals, especially micas, was favoured under all three moisture conditions, but was particularly intense in spoil at field capacity. Dissolution of aluminium oxides was also favoured under all the moisture conditions studied.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/BF02407214
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  • 6
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    WEATHERING PROCESSES UNDER VARIOUS MOISTURE CONDITIONS IN A LIGNITE MINE SPOIL FROM AS PONTES (N.W. SPAIN) (1997)
    Springer
    Water, air & soil pollution 96 (1997), S. 347-366 
    Details
    ISSN: 1573-2932
    Keywords: acidification ; chemical weathering ; hydroxysulfates formation ; mine spoil ; sulfides oxidation
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Energy, Environment Protection, Nuclear Power Engineering
    Notes: Abstract Processes contributing to acid release/consumption during weathering of a lignite mine spoil (2.3% w/w S as sulfides) from As Pontes (N.W. Spain) were studied under three moisture conditions (at field capacity or under alternate wetting-drying or forced percolation), which were simulated in laboratory experiments. Oxidation of sulfides to sulfates was favoured under all three moisture conditions, releasing most acid in spoil kept at field capacity. Hydroxysulfates formed in spoil kept at field capacity or under alternate wetting-drying conditions, thereby contributing to acid release. Acid consumption by dissolution of clay minerals, especially micas, was favoured under all three moisture conditions, but was particularly intense in spoil at field capacity. Dissolution of aluminium oxides was also favoured under all the moisture conditions studied.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1023/A:1026448611666
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  • 7
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Study of buffering. Systems in soils from Galicia, N.W. Spain (1990)
    Springer
    Water, air & soil pollution 49 (1990), S. 17-33 
    Details
    ISSN: 1573-2932
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Energy, Environment Protection, Nuclear Power Engineering
    Notes: Abstract The effects of acid rain on surface horizons of five soils from Galicia and the buffer capacity of these soils with respect to the addition of H` were studied. Soil samples were placed in percolating tubes with a diameter of 7.5 cm. The diluted acid treatment, composed of distilled water acidified with HCl to a pH value of 3, was applied to each duplicate soil core at a drip-rate of 2.8 mL min−1, for 8 hr d−1 over 18 days. The acid addition produced an associated leachate of both organic and inorganic anions and cations, although behavior patterns differed: a quick leach of labile forms (probably soluble forms) and a slower leach of more retained forms (most likely to be exchangeable forms and/ or products dissolved from solid phases). The organic C decreased and the N increased as the percolates became more acidic. The neutralizing mechanisms for each of the soils used in the experiment corresponded in general terms to the buffer capacity that was to be expected given the initial chemical characteristics. An exception to this was the soil in the silicate system buffer where, because of its slow rate, the cation exchange buffer system worked preferentially.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/BF00279507
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  • 8
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Weathering Processes in a Lignite Mine Spoil Treated with a CaCo3-Rich Waste Slurry under Two Moisture Programmes (2000)
    Springer
    Water, air & soil pollution 119 (2000), S. 59-74 
    Details
    ISSN: 1573-2932
    Keywords: acidification ; chemical weathering ; liming ; mine spoil
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Energy, Environment Protection, Nuclear Power Engineering
    Notes: Abstract Chemical processes affecting the acidity of asulphide-rich lignite mine spoil treated with high orlow doses of a CaCO3-rich industrial waste slurrywere studied in the laboratory under two moistureprogrammes (cycles of alternate waterlogging anddrying, and percolation) so as to determine the slurrydose neutralizing spoil acidity and the possibledetrimental effects of high doses. The most importantacidity-reducing process was the dissolution ofapplied calcium carbonate, and CaCO3 consumptionwas greater under percolation conditions than underwaterlogging and drying conditions. The most importantacidity-increasing process was the oxidation ofsulphides, which was again more intense underpercolation. Under waterlogging and drying conditions,the formation of hydroxysulphates may also havecontributed to acidification.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1023/A:1005187317167
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  • 9
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    Biochemical properties in managed grassland soils in a temperate humid zone: modifications of soil quality as a consequence of intensive grassland use (2009)
    Springer
    Details
    Publication Date: 2009-05-26
    Print ISSN: 0178-2762
    Electronic ISSN: 1432-0789
    Topics: Biology , Geosciences , Agriculture, Forestry, Horticulture, Fishery, Domestic Science, Nutrition
    Published by Springer
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  • 10
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    Biochemical properties of range and forest soils in Mediterranean mountain environments (2006)
    Springer
    Details
    Publication Date: 2006-11-23
    Print ISSN: 0178-2762
    Electronic ISSN: 1432-0789
    Topics: Biology , Geosciences , Agriculture, Forestry, Horticulture, Fishery, Domestic Science, Nutrition
    Published by Springer
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