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  • 1
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    Nonequilibrium ionization measurements in hydrogen-helium mixtures (1972)
    In:  CASI
    Details
    Publication Date: 2005-11-30
    Description: Time-resolved emission measurements of several atomic line and continuum radiation channels were made behind the incident shock wave of an electric arc shock tube. Test times and nonequilibrium ionization times were obtained for shock velocities up to 2.5 X 10,000 m/sec in a 0.2 H2 - 0.8 He gas mixture. The shock-heated test gas was found to be free from driver gas contamination, and the test times were adequate to achieve steady state conditions. An activation energy of 4 eV was obtained from the nonequilibrium ionization time measurements. Modifications of experimental technique to determine the effect of test gas impurity level on ionization time measurements are discussed.
    Keywords: PHYSICS, ATOMIC, MOLECULAR, AND NUCLEAR
    Type: JPL Quart. Tech. Rev., Vol. 1, No. 4; p 13-18
    Format: text
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    NASA TECHNICAL REPORTS
  • 2
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    Shock-tube driver (1976)
    In:  Other Sources
    Details
    Publication Date: 2019-06-28
    Description: Annular-arc accelerator consists of cold gas driver, expansion section, electrode sections, and shock tube section. Triggering improvement provides higher velocities and reduces contamination.
    Keywords: MECHANICS
    Type: NPO-13528 , NASA Tech Briefs (ISSN 0145-319X); 1; 1; P. 98
    Format: text
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  • 3
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    A spark gap switching system for gasdynamic facilities (1974)
    In:  Other Sources
    Details
    Publication Date: 2019-06-27
    Description: A spark gap switching system has been developed to coordinate the discharge of a 300 kJ capacitor bank with the high speed flow of helium in a shock tube driver. The trigger system includes a flow transducer, a pulse forming circuit, a high voltage spark generator, and four heavy duty spark gaps that can carry total peak currents greater than 1.5 million A. A glow gauge flow transducer sensitive to small gas density changes was used whose input power and signal output can withstand high voltage fluctuations. This switching system is of use with gasdynamic discharge devices requiring a minimum number of switches.
    Keywords: INSTRUMENTATION AND PHOTOGRAPHY
    Type: Review of Scientific Instruments; 45; Nov. 197
    Format: text
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  • 4
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    Measurements of the structure of an ionizing shock wave in a hydrogen-helium mixture (1972)
    In:  CASI
    Details
    Publication Date: 2019-06-27
    Description: Shock structure during ionization of a hydrogen-helium mixture was studied using hydrogen line and continuum emission measurements. A reaction scheme is proposed which includes hydrogen dissociation and a two-step excitation-ionization mechanism for hydrogen ionization by atom-atom and atom-electron collisions. Agreement was achieved between numerical calculations and measurements of emission intensity as a function of time for shock velocities from 13 to 20 km/sec in a 0.208 H2 - 0.792 He mixture. The electron temperature was found to be significantly different from the heavy particle temperature during much of the ionization process. Similar time histories for H beta and continuum emission indicate upper level populations of hydrogen in equilibrium with the electron concentration during the relaxation process.
    Keywords: FLUID MECHANICS
    Type: NASA-CR-128343 , JPL-TM-33-563
    Format: application/pdf
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  • 5
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    Advanced solar thermal receiver technology (1980)
    In:  Other Sources
    Details
    Publication Date: 2019-07-13
    Description: Development of advanced receiver technology for solar thermal receivers designed for electric power generation or for industrial applications, such as fuels and chemical production or industrial process heat, is described. The development of this technology is focused on receivers that operate from 1000 F to 3000 F and above. Development strategy is mapped in terms of application requirements, and the related system and technical requirements. Receiver performance requirements and current development efforts are covered for five classes of receiver applications: high temperature, advanced Brayton, Stirling, and Rankine cycle engines, and fuels and chemicals.
    Keywords: ENERGY PRODUCTION AND CONVERSION
    Type: AIAA PAPER 80-0292 , Aerospace Sciences Meeting; Jan 14, 1980 - Jan 16, 1980; Pasadena, CA
    Format: text
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  • 6
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    Measurements of the structure of an ionizing shock wave in a hydrogen-helium mixture. (1973)
    In:  Other Sources
    Details
    Publication Date: 2019-06-27
    Description: Shock structure during ionization of a hydrogen-helium mixture has been followed using hydrogen line and continuum emission measurements. A reaction scheme is proposed which includes hydrogen dissociation and a two-step excitation-ionization mechanism for hydrogen ionization by atom-atom and atom-electron collisions. Agreement has been achieved between numerical calculations and measurements of emission intensity as a function of time for shock velocities from 13 to 20 km/sec in a 0.208 H2-0.792 He mixture. The electron temperature was found to be significantly different from the heavy particle temperature during much of the ionization process. Similar time histories for H beta and continuum emission indicate upper level populations of hydrogen in equilibrium with the electron concentration during the relaxation process.
    Keywords: FLUID MECHANICS
    Type: Physics of Fluids; 16; Jan. 197
    Format: text
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  • 7
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    California's geothermal resource potential (1978)
    In:  Other Sources
    Details
    Publication Date: 2019-06-27
    Description: According to a U.S. Geological Survey estimate, recoverable hydrothermal energy in California may amount to 19,000 MW of electric power for a 30-year period. At present, a geothermal installation in the Geysers region of the state provides 502 MWe of capacity; an additional 1500 MWe of electric generating capacity is scheduled to be in operation in geothermal fields by 1985. In addition to hydrothermal energy sources, hot-igneous and conduction-dominated resources are under investigation for possible development. Land-use conflicts, environmental concerns and lack of risk capital may limit this development.
    Keywords: ENERGY PRODUCTION AND CONVERSION
    Type: Energy Sources; 3; 3-4,; 1978
    Format: text
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  • 8
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    Annular arc accelerator shock tube (1976)
    In:  CASI
    Details
    Publication Date: 2019-06-27
    Description: An annular arc accelerator shock tube employs a cold gas driver to flow a stream of gas from an expansion section through a high voltage electrode section to a test section, thus driving a shock wave in front of it. A glow discharge detects the shock wave and actuates a trigger generator which in turn fires spark-gap switches to discharge a bank of capacitors across a centered cathode and an annular anode in tandem electrode sections. The initial shock wave passes through the anode section from the cathode section thereby depositing energy into the flow gas without the necessity of any diaphragm opening in the gas flow from the expansion section through the electrode sections.
    Keywords: RESEARCH AND SUPPORT FACILITIES (AIR)
    Format: application/pdf
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  • 9
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    The impact of H2S emissions on future geothermal power generation - The Geysers region, California (1977)
    In:  Other Sources
    Details
    Publication Date: 2019-07-27
    Description: The future potential for geothermal power generation in the Geysers region of California is as much as 10 times the current 502 MW(e) capacity. However, environmental factors such as H2S emissions and institutional considerations may play the primary role in determining the rate and ultimate level of development. In this paper a scenario of future geothermal generation capacity and H2S emissions in the Geysers region is presented. Problem areas associated with H2S emissions, H2S abatement processes, plant operations, and government agency resources are described. The impact of H2S emissions on future development and the views of effected organizations are discussed. Potential actions needed to remove these constraints are summarized.
    Keywords: ENERGY PRODUCTION AND CONVERSION
    Type: IEEE PAPER A 77 816-2 , Joint Power Generation Conference; Sept. 18-21, 1977; Los Angeles, CA; US
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    NASA TECHNICAL REPORTS
  • 10
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    Outer planet entry nonequilibrium heating (1975)
    In:  Other Sources
    Details
    Publication Date: 2019-07-27
    Description: An analytical tool has been developed which enables the impact of nonequilibrium effects on outer planet entry heating to be estimated. The analysis combines recent shock tube experiments, flow field calculations, and planetary entry trajectory analysis. The thickness of the nonequilibrium layer and its variation around the entry body have been correlated by a reaction flow parameter over a wide range of entry conditions. The influence of nonequilibrium effects on heating during entry into Saturn and Jupiter model atmospheres has been studied and the effect of vehicle size and ballistic coefficient determined. A nonequilibrium layer of significant thickness was found to exist during portions of entry into Saturn and Jupiter warm atmospheres. However, the nonequilibrium layer was found to be thin during the peak heating portions of the trajectory and resulted in reductions in total probe heating of less than 15 per cent.
    Keywords: AERODYNAMICS
    Type: AIAA PAPER 75-1149 , American Institute of Aeronautics and Astronautics and American Geophysical Union, Conference on the Exploration of the Outer Planets; Sept. 17-19, 1975; St. Louis, MO
    Format: text
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