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  • 1
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    PERITROPHIC MATRIX STRUCTURE AND FUNCTION (1997)
    Palo Alto, Calif. : Annual Reviews
    Annual Review of Entomology 42 (1997), S. 525-550 
    Details
    ISSN: 0066-4170
    Source: Annual Reviews Electronic Back Volume Collection 1932-2001ff
    Topics: Biology
    Notes: Abstract Formed of proteins, glycoproteins, and chitin microfibrils in a proteoglycan matrix, the peritrophic matrix (PM) separates the food from the midgut epithelium in most but not all insects. A PM occurs in two forms. A type I PM is delaminated from the entire midgut epithelium and, in some cases, may only be formed in response to feeding and the type of meal ingested. A type II PM is produced by a specialized region of the anterior midgut called the cardia and forms a continuous sleeve (or sleeves) that is always present. As it is positioned between food and midgut epithelium, the PM plays key roles in the intestinal biology of the insect. The PM may protect the midgut epithelium from mechanical damage and insult from pathogens and toxins; it must act as a semipermeable membrane regulating passage of molecules between the different midgut compartments; and it may separate the midgut lumen into different, physiologically significant compartments.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1146/annurev.ento.42.1.525
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  • 2
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Characterisation of pigments in the head capsule of the adult stablefly Stomoxys calcitrans (1988)
    Springer
    Entomologia experimentalis et applicata 46 (1988), S. 125-131 
    Details
    ISSN: 1570-7458
    Keywords: age ; pteridine ; insect ; Stomoxys ; Muscidae ; Diptera
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Biology
    Description / Table of Contents: Résumé Les ptéridines 6-bioptérine et isoxanthoptérine ont été identifiées dans des extraits aqueux de têtes d'adultes mâles et femelles de S. calcitrans. Les taux de 6-bioptérine augmentent linéairement avec l'âge de l'insecte. Ceci fournit la base de la technique précise de détermination de l'âge décrite par Mail et al. en 1983.
    Notes: Abstract The pteridines 6-biopterin and isoxanthopterin have been identified in aqueous head extracts of adult males and females of the stablefly, Stomoxys calcitrans. Levels of 6-biopterin increase linearly with age of the insect. This forms the basis of an accurate age determination technique described by Mail et al. (1983).
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/BF00190842
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  • 3
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Digestive enzyme secretion in Stomoxys calcitrans (Diptera: Muscidae) (1976)
    Springer
    Cell & tissue research 170 (1976), S. 275-287 
    Details
    ISSN: 1432-0878
    Keywords: Insect midgut ; Enzyme secretion ; Ultrastructure
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Biology , Medicine
    Notes: Summary Enzyme assays and morphological and histological studies show that the opaque zone midgut cells of the haematophagous fly Stomoxys calcitrans are responsible for the production of proteolytic digestive enzymes and that these are secreted into the gut lumen via membrane bound vesicles (MBV). The secretory cycle can be summarized as follows; initially the rough endoplasmic reticulum is stacked and the apices of the cells are packed with MBV. This is followed by a period of release characterized first by cytoplasmic extrusions containing high densities of MBV, then by microvesiculation of the microvilli combined with a progressive distribution of rough endoplasmic reticulum and lightening of the cellular cytoplasm. Glycogen appears in the cells at this stage and is gradually lost as the rough endoplasmic reticulum becomes stacked once more and the numbers of MBV build up again. The cycle which occurs regularly and synchronously in the cells of the zone repeats itself many times up to the completion of digestion of the blood meal. The secretory cycle is discussed with reference to activity in other secretory tissues.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/BF00224304
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  • 4
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Composition of the peritrophic matrix of the tsetse fly, Glossina morsitans morsitans (1996)
    Springer
    Cell & tissue research 283 (1996), S. 375-384 
    Details
    ISSN: 1432-0878
    Keywords: Key words: Midgut peritrophic matrix ; Glycosaminoglycan ; Glycoproteins ; Lectin ; Glossina morsitans (Insecta)
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Biology , Medicine
    Notes: Abstract. The three-layered peritrophic matrix of Glossina morsitans morsitans is shown, by histochemistry, to be formed of a mixture of glycosaminoglycans, glycoproteins and chitin. In all three layers the glycosaminoglycans contain GlcNAc-hexuronic and Gal-GlcNAc moieties, together with chitin. Glycosaminoglycans in layer 3 are sulphated and sulphated sites have a mean interspace distance of 53 nm – similar to the spacing of fixed charge sites in glomerular basement mem- brane suggesting a rôle for these sites in the filtration properties of the peritrophic matrix. O-linked oligo- saccharides are present in all three layers. Layer 1 contains the widest variety of glycoprotein oligosaccharide constructs GlcNac and αlinked GalNAc possibly as GalNAcα1,3GalNAc, the latter apparently distal to Galβ1–4GlcNAc. Lectin binding suggests that layer 2 contains GalNAcα1,3Galβ1,3GlcNAc and that layer 3 contains GalNAc and Galβ1,4GlcNAc. The evidence for N-linked oligosaccharides is more equivocal. Two dimensional electrophoresis showed that the peritrophic matrix contains a range of proteins, most of which require relatively harsh treatment for their solubilization.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/s004410050548
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  • 5
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Development of the calyx and lateral oviduct during oogenesis in Aedes aegypti (1978)
    Springer
    Cell & tissue research 193 (1978), S. 125-137 
    Details
    ISSN: 1432-0878
    Keywords: Insect-reproduction ; Ovary ; Oviduct ; Ultrastructure
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Biology , Medicine
    Notes: Summary The lateral oviduct and calyx of nulliparous Aedes aegypti on a sucrose diet are both flattened sacs, lacking a well defined lumen. Both are formed of an inner epithelial and an outer muscular layer, each one cell thick. The lateral oviduct is surrounded by a circular muscle sheath which is continuous with the ovarian sheath. Each ovariolar sheath is continuous with the outer layer of the calyx. The structure of both the lateral oviduct and the calyx is greatly modified after the initial blood meal. A distinct lumen develops; there is an extensive development of the outer muscular layers, and the inner epithelial layers become invaginated forming deep crypts lined with extensive microvilli. The follicular stem, which joins the primary follicle to the calyx in each ovariole, is not hollow and does not mark the opening into the calyx through which the mature egg can pass. The eggs gain access to the oviductal system after the calyx extends around the follicular epithelium of the primary follicle, when breaks appear in the calyx wall opposed to the follicular epithelium, until the mature eggs, eventually lie in a highly distended thin-walled sac of calyx from which they have direct and easy access to the lateral oviduct. After oviposition, this sac contracts to occupy once more a compact axial position in the ovary. Remnants of the follicular epithelium, containing many lysosomes are attached to the calyx at this time.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/BF00221606
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  • 6
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    Midgut-specific immune molecules are produced by the blood-sucking insect Stomoxys calcitrans (1997)
    National Academy of Sciences
    Details
    Publication Date: 1997-10-14
    Print ISSN: 0027-8424
    Electronic ISSN: 1091-6490
    Topics: Biology , Medicine , Natural Sciences in General
    Published by National Academy of Sciences
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  • 7
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    Tsetse immune responses and trypanosome transmission: Implications for the development of tsetse-based strategies to reduce trypanosomiasis (2001)
    National Academy of Sciences
    Details
    Publication Date: 2001-10-09
    Print ISSN: 0027-8424
    Electronic ISSN: 1091-6490
    Topics: Biology , Medicine , Natural Sciences in General
    Published by National Academy of Sciences
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  • 8
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    Composition of the peritrophic matrix of the tsetse fly, Glossina morsitans morsitans (1996)
    Springer
    Details
    Publication Date: 1996-02-23
    Print ISSN: 0302-766X
    Electronic ISSN: 1432-0878
    Topics: Biology , Medicine
    Published by Springer
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  • 9
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    PERITROPHIC MATRIX STRUCTURE AND FUNCTION (1997)
    Annual Reviews
    Details
    Publication Date: 1997-01-01
    Description: ▪ Abstract  Formed of proteins, glycoproteins, and chitin microfibrils in a proteoglycan matrix, the peritrophic matrix (PM) separates the food from the midgut epithelium in most but not all insects. A PM occurs in two forms. A type I PM is delaminated from the entire midgut epithelium and, in some cases, may only be formed in response to feeding and the type of meal ingested. A type II PM is produced by a specialized region of the anterior midgut called the cardia and forms a continuous sleeve (or sleeves) that is always present. As it is positioned between food and midgut epithelium, the PM plays key roles in the intestinal biology of the insect. The PM may protect the midgut epithelium from mechanical damage and insult from pathogens and toxins; it must act as a semipermeable membrane regulating passage of molecules between the different midgut compartments; and it may separate the midgut lumen into different, physiologically significant compartments.
    Print ISSN: 0066-4170
    Electronic ISSN: 1545-4487
    Topics: Biology
    Published by Annual Reviews
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