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  • 1
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    Technology Development for the Constellation-X Spectroscopy X-Ray Telescope (2005)
    In:  CASI
    Details
    Publication Date: 2019-07-27
    Description: The Constellation-X Spectroscopy X-ray Telescope (SXT) is a large diameter, high throughput, grazing incidence imaging mirror system, designed to perform high sensitivity spectroscopy of cosmic X-ray sources in the 0.2-10.0 keV band. The baseline effective area requirement is -3 m# at 1 keV. The system-level angular-resolution requirement is a 15-arcseconds half-power diameter, with a 5-arcsecond goal. The effective area is attained through a modular design, involving the nesting of many confocal, thin-walled Wolter I mirror segments. Considerable progress has been made in developing thin, thermally formed, glass mirror substrates that meet or better the angular-resolution requirement. Several approaches to mounting and aligning reflector segments into a mirror system are under investigation. We report here on the progress of the SXT technology development program toward reaching the performance goals.
    Keywords: Astronomy
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  • 2
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    Optical Metrology for the Segmented Optics on the Constellation-X Spectroscopy X-Ray Telescope (2004)
    In:  Other Sources
    Details
    Publication Date: 2019-07-18
    Description: We present the metrology requirements and metrology implementation necessary to prove out the reflector technology for the Constellation X(C-X) spectroscopy X-ray telescope (SXT). This segmented, 1.6m diameter highly nested Wolter-1 telescope presents many metrology and alignment challenges. In particular, these mirrors have a stringent imaging error budget as compared to their intrinsic stiffness; This is required for Constellation-X to have sufficient effective area with the weight requirement. This has implications for the metrology that can be used. A variety of contract and noncontact optical profiling and interferometric methods are combined to test the formed glass substrates before replication and the replicated reflector segments.The reflectors are tested both stand-alone and in-situ in an alignment tower.Some of these methods have not been used on prior X-ray telescopes and some are feasible only because of the segmented approach used on the SXT. Methods discussed include high precision coordinate measurement machines using very low force or optical probe axial interferometric profiling azimuthal circularity profiling and use of advanced null optics such as conical computer generated hologram (CGHs).
    Keywords: Optics
    Type: SPIE Conference; Jun 19, 2004 - Jun 25, 2004; Glasgow, Scotland; United Kingdom
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  • 3
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    Optical Design Trade Study for the Wide Field Infrared Survey Telescope [WFIRST] (2011)
    In:  CASI
    Details
    Publication Date: 2019-07-13
    Description: The Wide Field Infrared Survey Telescope (WFIRST) mission concept was ranked first in new space astrophysics mission by the Astro2010 Decadal Survey incorporating the Joint Dark Energy Mission (JDEM)-Omega payload concept and multiple science white papers. This mission is based on a space telescope at L2 studying exoplanets [via gravitational microlensing], probing dark energy, and surveying the near infrared sky. Since the release of NWNH, the WFIRST project has been working with the WFIRST science definition team (SDT) to refine mission and payload concepts. We present the driving requirements. The current interim reference mission point design, based on the use of a 1.3m unobscured aperture three mirror anastigmat form, with focal imaging and slitless spectroscopy science channels, is consistent with the requirements, requires no technology development, and out performs the JDEM-Omega design.
    Keywords: Optics
    Type: GSFC.CPR.5130.2011 , SPIE Society of Photo Optical Instrumentation of Engineers; Aug 21, 2011 - Aug 25, 2011; San Diego, CA; United States
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  • 4
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    Testing of the Mirrors for the Constellation-X Spectroscopy X-ray Telescope with a Refractive Null (2007)
    In:  CASI
    Details
    Publication Date: 2019-07-13
    Description: We present an introduction to the use of a refractive null lens for testing grazing incidence x-ray mirrors for the Constellation-X mission. The singular role of mirror mounting in glass shell mirror metrology is also touched upon. We compare results achieved to date with mission requirements along with some of the unique properties of the null lens. Additionally, uses beyond mirror metrology are briefly discussed.
    Keywords: Optics
    Type: SPIE Conference: Optics and Photonics 2007. Program Track: Astronomical Optics and Instrumentation; Aug 26, 2007 - Aug 30, 2007; San Diego, CA; United States
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  • 5
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    Opto-Mechanics of the Constellation-X SXT Mirrors: Challenges in Mounting and Assembling the Mirror Segments (2008)
    In:  Other Sources
    Details
    Publication Date: 2019-07-13
    Description: The Constellation-X Spectroscopy X-Ray Telescopes consists of segmented glass mirrors with an axial length of 200 mm, a width of up to 400 mm, and a thickness of 0.4 mm. To meet the requirement of less than 15 arc-second half-power diameter with the small thickness and relatively large size is a tremendous challenge in opto-mechanics. How shall we limit distortion of the mirrors due to gravity in ground tests, that arises from thermal stress, and that occurs in the process of mounting, affixing and assembling of these mirrors? In this paper, we will describe our current opto-mechanical approach to these problems. We will discuss, in particular, the approach and experiment where the mirrors are mounted vertically by first suspending it at two points.
    Keywords: Optics
    Type: SPIE Meeting; Jun 23, 2008 - Jun 28, 2008; Marseille; France
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  • 6
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    Toward a Complete Metrological Solution for the Mirrors for the Constellation-X Spectroscopy X-ray Telescope (2007)
    In:  CASI
    Details
    Publication Date: 2019-07-13
    Description: We present an overview update of the metrological approach to be employed for the segmented mirror fabrication for Constellation-X spectroscopy x-ray telescope. We compare results achieved to date with mission requirements. This is discussed in terms of inherent capability versus in-practice capability.
    Keywords: Optics
    Type: SPIE Conference: Optics and Photonics 2007; Aug 26, 2007 - Aug 30, 2007; San Diego, CA; United States
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  • 7
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    The Constellation-X Spectroscopy X-Ray Telescope (2004)
    In:  CASI
    Details
    Publication Date: 2019-07-13
    Description: The status of technology development for the Constellation-X Spectroscopy X-ray Telescope (SXT) mirror is presented. The SXT mirror combines a large (1.6 m) aperture with modest (12 arc sec half power diameter) angular resolution and low mass (750 kg). The overall collecting area, larger than 9,600 square cm at 0.25 keV, requires high throughput, and thus nesting of a substantial number of thin reflectors. A phased development program is underway to develop reflectors, mounting and alignment approaches, and metrology techniques for components and the mirror has a whole. The latest results in all these areas are summarized, along with an overview of results of optical testing of reflector performance.
    Keywords: Instrumentation and Photography
    Type: SPIE Meeting; Jun 21, 2004 - Jun 24, 2004; Glasgow, Scotland; United Kingdom
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  • 8
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    Alignment and Integration Techniques for Mirror Segment Pairs on the Constellation X Telescope (2007)
    In:  Other Sources
    Details
    Publication Date: 2019-07-19
    Description: We present the concepts behind current alignment and integration techniques for testing a Constellation-X primary-secondary mirror segment pair in an x-ray beam line test. We examine the effects of a passive mount on thin glass x-ray mirror segments, and the issues of mount shape and environment on alignment. We also investigate how bonding and transfer to a permanent housing affects the quality of the final image, comparing predicted results to a full x-ray test on a primary secondary pair.
    Keywords: Optics
    Type: SPIE Optics and Photonics; Aug 26, 2006 - Aug 30, 2006; San Diego, CA; United States
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  • 9
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    The Constellation-X Spectroscopy X-ray Telescope: Recent Technology Development (2006)
    In:  Other Sources
    Details
    Publication Date: 2019-07-18
    Description: We describe recent progress in the technology development program for the mirror system for the Constellation-X Spectroscopy X-ray Telescope (SXT). Development of this mirror represents a significant technology challenge, as it must provide a combination of large effective area (3 sq. m) and modest angular resolution (15 arc second half power diameter requirement; 5 arc second goal) with a limited mass allocation. The baseline design incorporates over 200 nested Wolter 1 mirrors. Each of these in turn is segmented in order to simplify handling of the mirrors and facilitate mass production. The X-ray reflecting surfaces are fabricated from thin, thermally formed glass sheets. Production improvements have yielded mirror segments that approach the performance requirement without the need for epoxy replication. A mounting and alignment approach incorporating piezoelectric actuators has been shown to manipulate mirror segments with the required precision without introducing significant distortion. Substantial improvements in metrology methodology have provided insights into the mirror segment forming and alignment processes. An X-ray demonstration of a mirror segment pair is planned for early 2006.
    Keywords: Astrophysics
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