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  • 1
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Effect of Ethanol Treatment in the Preparation of MgCl2 Support for the Propylene Polymerization Catalyst (1995)
    s.l. : American Chemical Society
    Macromolecules 28 (1995), S. 1717-1718 
    Details
    ISSN: 1520-5835
    Source: ACS Legacy Archives
    Topics: Chemistry and Pharmacology , Physics
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1021/ma00109a054
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  • 2
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Catalytic behavior of YBa2Cu3O7-x in the partial oxidation of ethanol to acetaldehyde (1993)
    Springer
    Catalysis letters 17 (1993), S. 263-272 
    Details
    ISSN: 1572-879X
    Keywords: YBa2Cu3O7-x oxide superconductor ; partial oxidation of ethanol ; oxidation state of copper
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Chemistry and Pharmacology
    Notes: Abstract The partial oxidation of ethanol to acetaldehyde was performed over YBa2Cu3O7-x in a flow reactor. The catalytic characteristics of YB2Cu3O7-x were compared with those of an individual oxide comprising the YBa2Cu3O7-x . The structural change of YBa2Cu3O7-x and the other catalysts after the reaction was measured by means of XRD and XPS, and it was found that the high oxidation state of copper in YBa2Cu3O7-x was responsible for the higher activity and the higher selectivity for acetaldehyde.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/BF00766148
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  • 3
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Skeletal isomerization of 1-butene into isobutene over Mg-ZSM-22 modified by the deposition of silicon alkoxide (1998)
    Springer
    Catalysis letters 52 (1998), S. 221-225 
    Details
    ISSN: 1572-879X
    Keywords: skeletal isomerization ; isobutene ; silicon alkoxide ; Mg-ZSM-22
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Chemistry and Pharmacology
    Notes: Abstract Mg-ZSM-22, modified by the deposition of silicon ethoxide, was prepared and investigated as a catalyst for the skeletal isomerization of 1-butene to isobutene in a fixed-bed flow reactor. The prepared catalysts were characterized by XRD, TPD, SEM-EDX, ICP and FT-IR. The deposition of silicon alkoxide on Mg-ZSM-22 led to a decrease in the amount of strong acid sites, confirmed by TPD experiments with ammonia and γ-collidine. The treatment also affected the size of pore opening, as evidenced by constraint index measurement and chemisorption experiment using $$n$$ -hexane. As the deposition time increased, the conversion of 1-butene decreased as the result of reduced acidity, while selectivity to isobutene increased. The deposition of silicon alkoxide resulted in the suppression of side reactions and coke deposition, thus enhancing the skeletal isomerization. The modification of Mg-ZSM-22 by deposition of silicon alkoxide was very effective in terms of catalytic stability and coke removal.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1023/A:1019064613370
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  • 4
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Effect of Ni loading and calcination temperature on catalyst performance and catalyst deactivation of Ni/SiO2 in the hydrodechlorination of 1,2‐dichloropropane into propylene (2000)
    Springer
    Catalysis letters 67 (2000), S. 155-161 
    Details
    ISSN: 1572-879X
    Keywords: Ni/SiO2 ; hydrodechlorination ; 1,2‐dichloropropane ; nickel hydrosilicate ; particle size ; deactivation ; HCl ; nickel–chlorine interaction ; metal sintering
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Chemistry and Pharmacology
    Notes: Abstract The hydrodechlorination of 1,2‐dichloropropane (DCPA), a chlorinated organic waste which is produced in the epichlorohydrin process, to propylene was carried out over Ni/SiO2 catalysts. The effects of Ni loading and calcination temperature on catalyst performance and catalyst deactivation of Ni/SiO2 were systematically investigated. The Ni/SiO2 catalysts efficiently converted DCPA into propylene in 95% selectivity or higher. The particle size of Ni on SiO2 was strongly related to the catalyst stability. In terms of the effect of Ni loading, the largest Ni particles on SiO2 showed the best durability against deactivation. A series of TPR and UV‐DRS measurements revealed that nickel hydrosilicate was formed as the result of the interaction between Ni and SiO2. Nickel hydrosilicate was found to be responsible for the catalyst stability leading to low catalyst deactivation. HCl adsorption on Ni/SiO2 was the main reason for catalyst deactivation. HCl modified the crystal structure of metallic Ni to NiCl2 and led to irreversible deactivation and metal sintering.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1023/A:1019038110181
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  • 5
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Heterogeneous liquid-phase hydration of isobutene by heteropoly acid–polymer composite film catalyst (1999)
    Springer
    Catalysis letters 60 (1999), S. 199-204 
    Details
    ISSN: 1572-879X
    Keywords: heteropoly acid ; polymer ; hydration ; isobutene ; tert-butanol
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Chemistry and Pharmacology
    Notes: Abstract H3PMo12O40-polymer composite film catalysts were prepared by blending these two materials using a methanol–chloroform mixture by a membrane preparation technique. Polyphenylene oxide (PPO), polyethersulfone (PES) and polysulfone (PSF) were used as blending polymers. A H3PMo12O40-PPO composite catalyst coated on Al2O3 was also prepared. These catalysts were used as heterogeneous catalysts for the liquid-phase tert-butanol (TBA) synthesis from isobutene and water. It was found that all the composite film catalysts showed higher catalytic activities than homogeneous H3PMo12O40 in the TBA synthesis. Among the composite film catalysts, H3PMo12O40-PPO showed the best catalytic performance. Not only high absorption capability of H3PMo12O40-PPO for isobutene but also stability of H3PMo12O40-PPO in the reaction medium was responsible for such a catalytic performance. The H3PMo12O40-PPO/Al2O3 also showed a higher activity than a homogeneous solution of H3PMo12O40.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1023/A:1019031729493
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  • 6
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Methyl tert-butyl ether decomposition over heteropoly acid catalyst in a cellulose acetate membrane reactor (1994)
    Springer
    Catalysis letters 29 (1994), S. 241-248 
    Details
    ISSN: 1572-879X
    Keywords: MTBE decomposition ; isobutene ; heteropoly acid ; cellulose acetate ; membrane reactor
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Chemistry and Pharmacology
    Notes: Abstract In this study the methyl tert-butyl ether (MTBE) decomposition over H3PW12O40 was carried out in a cellulose acetate membrane reactor. The permeability of methanol through the cellulose acetate membrane was about 30 and 300 times higher than that of either isobutene or MTBE, respectively. The isobutene selectivity in the fixed bed reactor was only slightly higher than the methanol selectivity due to the side reaction. In the cellulose acetate membrane reactor, however, the isobutene selectivity in the rejected stream was 68% and the methanol selectivity in the permeated stream was up to 97%. The MTBE conversion in the membrane reactor was about 7% higher than that in the membrane-free fixed bed reactor under the same reaction conditions. The enhanced performance of the membrane reactor in this reversible reaction was mainly due to the selective permeation of methanol which resulted in a methanol-deficient condition suppressing MTBE synthesis reaction.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/BF00814270
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  • 7
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Application of heteropoly acid catalyst in an inert polymer membrane catalytic reactor in ethanol dehydration (1991)
    Springer
    Catalysis letters 9 (1991), S. 339-345 
    Details
    ISSN: 1572-879X
    Keywords: Heteropoly acid ; polysulfone ; ethanol dehydration ; inert membrane catalytic reactor
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Chemistry and Pharmacology
    Notes: Abstract The ethanol dehydration reaction was carried out in an inert membrane catalytic reactor. 12-Tungstophosporic acid as a catalyst and polysulfone as an inert membrane were used in this study. Ethanol conversion and ethylene selectivity were remarkably enhanced in comparison with those in a fixed-bed reactor under the same reaction condition.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/BF00764824
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  • 8
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    The effects of desolvation methods of the recrystallized MgCl2-alcohol adduct on catalyst characteristics and the bulk density of polyethylene (1997)
    Weinheim : Wiley-Blackwell
    Angewandte Makromolekulare Chemie 253 (1997), S. 17-25 
    Details
    ISSN: 0003-3146
    Keywords: Chemistry ; Polymer and Materials Science
    Source: Wiley InterScience Backfile Collection 1832-2000
    Topics: Chemistry and Pharmacology , Physics
    Description / Table of Contents: MgCl2-Träger für einen Ethylenpolymerisationskatalysator wurden mit Hilfe der Rekristallationsmethode hergestellt, wobei Methanol als Lösungsmittel diente. Der Einfluß verschiedener Lösungsmethoden des rekristallisierten MgCl2-Alkohol-Adduktes auf die morphologischen Charakteristika der Katalysatoren wurde untersucht. Die Lösungsmethode beeinflußt die Eigenschaften der Katalysatoren beträchtlich. Die dargestellten Katalysatoren wiesen unterschiedliche Ti/Mg-Verhältnisse auf, sowohl was die Oberfläche als auch die gesamten Katalysator-Partikel betrifft. Betrachtet man die Ti-Verteilung und Aktivitätsprofile, dann erweisen sich nicht nur die Polymerisationsbedingungen, sondern auch die Ti-Verteilung auf dem Katalysator als wichtige Faktoren, welche die Dichte der Polymeren beeinflussen.
    Notes: The MgCl2 supports for an ethylene polymerization catalyst were prepared by the recrystallization method using methanol as a solvent. The effects of different desolvation methods of the recrystallized MgCl2-alcohol adduct on the morphological characteristics of the catalysts were examined. The desolvation method greatly affects the characteristics of the catalyst. The prepared catalysts had different Ti/Mg ratios with respect to both surface content and entire catalyst particles. Considering Ti distribution and activity profiles, not only the polymerization conditions but also the Ti distribution on the catalyst appear to be an important factor which affects the bulk density of the polymers.
    Additional Material: 3 Ill.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1002/apmc.1997.052530102
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  • 9
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Temperature effect of TiCl4 impregnation of a recrystallized MgCl2 support on propene polymerization (1995)
    Weinheim : Wiley-Blackwell
    Macromolecular Chemistry and Physics 196 (1995), S. 3765-3770 
    Details
    ISSN: 1022-1352
    Keywords: Chemistry ; Polymer and Materials Science
    Source: Wiley InterScience Backfile Collection 1832-2000
    Topics: Chemistry and Pharmacology , Physics
    Notes: The MgCl2 support for a propene polymerization catalyst was prepared by the recrystallization method using ethanol as a solvent and ethyl benzoate as an internal electron donor. The recrystallized MgCl2 was impregnated with TiCl4 at various temperatures, and the effect of impregnation temperature on the catalytic activity and isotactic index (I. I.) of polypropene (PP) was investigated. It was found that ethanol and titanium chloride ethoxide (TCE) in the catalyst play an important role in the catalytic activity and I. I. The support treated with TiCl4 at high temperatures showed good performance but large activity reduction during polymerization. The enhanced performance is mainly due to activity Ti species containing small amounts of TCE. The large activity reduction is also mainly due to small amounts of ethanol and TCE, yielding small amounts of atactic sites with low Lewis acidity.
    Additional Material: 4 Ill.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1002/macp.1995.021961127
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  • 10
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Morphology control of a MgCl2-supported Ziegler-Natta catalyst by the recrystallization method (1995)
    Weinheim : Wiley-Blackwell
    Macromolecular Chemistry and Physics 196 (1995), S. 1205-1210 
    Details
    ISSN: 1022-1352
    Keywords: Chemistry ; Polymer and Materials Science
    Source: Wiley InterScience Backfile Collection 1832-2000
    Topics: Chemistry and Pharmacology , Physics
    Notes: MgCl2 supports were prepared by the recrystallization method with variation of agitation speed and MgCl2 concentration of the MgCl2-methanol-decane mixture. It was found that the particle size of MgCl2 and MgCl2/TiCl4 could be controlled by changing the MgCl2 concentration in a methanol droplet or by changing the size of the methanol droplets. The particle size of the supports and catalysts increased with decreasing speed of agitation and with increasing MgCl2 content. All the prepared supports and catalysts showed a good spherical morphology.
    Additional Material: 3 Ill.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1002/macp.1995.021960419
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