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  • 1
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    The Local Government Review: An Inter-Organizational Perspective (1997)
    Oxford, UK and Boston, USA : Blackwell Publishers Ltd
    Public administration 75 (1997), S. 0 
    Details
    ISSN: 1467-9299
    Source: Blackwell Publishing Journal Backfiles 1879-2005
    Topics: Political Science , Economics
    Notes: This article uses Benson’s ‘political economy’ model of inter-organizational relations to interpret inter-authority relationships during the course of the local government review process in England (1992-95) and in particular to explain the preparedness of large numbers of district councils to support proposals which implied their own destruction. Six more specific influences are identified which led to this outcome:(i) The changing pattern of expectations and perceived possibilities as the Review progressed.(ii) The conflictual context of relations within the network linking individual counties and districts, and their respective associations.(iii) The influence of the districts’ national representative body - the ADC - which was arguing strongly for a ‘super-district’ solution.(iv) The plausibility of the view of some mergers as de facto takeovers of one authority by another.(v) The special nature of local authorities as (party) political institutions as well as public sector bureaucracies.(vi) The rationing of information through central-local networks, in the context of ‘unclear rules’.It is concluded that with certain modifications Benson’s framework provides a helpful explanatory mechanism.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1111/1467-9299.00044
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  • 2
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Understanding the Local Government Review: A Retrospective Analysis (1997)
    Oxford, UK and Boston, USA : Blackwell Publishers Ltd
    Public administration 75 (1997), S. 0 
    Details
    ISSN: 1467-9299
    Source: Blackwell Publishing Journal Backfiles 1879-2005
    Topics: Political Science , Economics
    Notes: Reorganizations have provided fertile ground for researchers and practitioners seeking to draw lessons about the nature of public administration. The review leading to the reorganization of British local government in 1991-96 sustains the tradition. In an extraordinary unfolding of events key features of the policy and political system are laid bare. This article provides a background analysis of the review, examines the main turning points in the process, assesses the performance of key players and concludes with a judgement about the sustainability of the settlement that ultimately emerged. A number of lessons are drawn about the nature of the British political system as revealed through the impact of the challenge of a large-scale structural review of local government.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1111/1467-9299.00043
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  • 3
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Scrutiny and the Political Party Group in UK Local Government: New Models of Behaviour (2004)
    Oxford, UK; Malden, USA : Blackwell Publishing Ltd/Inc.
    Public administration 82 (2004), S. 0 
    Details
    ISSN: 1467-9299
    Source: Blackwell Publishing Journal Backfiles 1879-2005
    Topics: Political Science , Economics
    Notes: The introduction, via the Local Government Act 2000, of political executives held to account by influential overview and scrutiny committees challenges fundamentally the traditional operations of the party group system. This paper uses evidence from a variety of sources (including the experience of Parliamentary select committees) to explore how councillors are managing the tensions between party group loyalty and the expectation surrounding the operation of scrutiny. Four models of party group behaviour are identified with the group acting as partner, arbitrator, filter and Leviathan respectively. These typologies are then used (together with research evidence) to interpret the circumstances in which effective scrutiny may be aided or hindered by party group dynamics. Three alternative scenarios, which illustrate the impact of different political dynamics on the effectiveness of scrutiny, are identified and explored. It is concluded that the success of the overview and scrutiny experiment is by no means assured and faced with the intransigent nature of most party group behaviour, the future of effective scrutiny hangs in the balance.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1111/j.0033-3298.2004.00397.x
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  • 4
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Rethinking local political leadership (2002)
    Oxford, UK and Boston, USA : Blackwell Publishers Ltd
    Public administration 80 (2002), S. 0 
    Details
    ISSN: 1467-9299
    Source: Blackwell Publishing Journal Backfiles 1879-2005
    Topics: Political Science , Economics
    Notes: The changing nature of local political leadership in Britain over the past 25 years has received scant attention from political scientists. This article argues that changes in the roles and functions of local authorities have had a marked impact on the nature of local political leadership. Three phases (operational, transitional and collaborative) are identified and leadership roles are related to changes in the political context of local government. The fundamental tasks of leadership have not changed but what has changed is the balance or relative emphasis between them and the way they have been interpreted. While elected local authorities cannot ignore the implications of the changed external agenda – notably the advent of new forms of executive leadership – the way they respond still bears the mark of the local political culture.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1111/1467-9299.00323
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  • 5
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Managing the Budgetary Process in a Hung Council (2000)
    Oxford, UK and Boston, USA : Blackwell Publishers Ltd 2000
    Public administration 78 (2000), S. 0 
    Details
    ISSN: 1467-9299
    Source: Blackwell Publishing Journal Backfiles 1879-2005
    Topics: Political Science , Economics
    Notes: This paper examines the impact of a change in 1994 from majority control to no overall control on the operation of a strategic medium-term budget and policy plan-ning process in Kirklees MBC. Six hypotheses are set out regarding the changes that might have been anticipated in the budget process, in the light of recent trends in the approach to budgeting in British local government, and the particular political context and recent political history of the authority. Use is made of a diary kept by a participant observer (who is also one of the authors) to document and analyse key events in the budget process. The six hypotheses are examined against the evi-dence, and with some exceptions are confirmed. It is concluded that Kirklees’s well-structured budget process did survive the transition to no overall control, but not without considerable difficulty. Careful management from the Executive Board, especially in brokering discussion, was a critical factor and highly advantageous to the success of the process.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1111/1467-9299.00231
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  • 6
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Aerosol route enhances the contamination of intact eggs and muscle of experimentally infected laying hens by Salmonella typhimurium DT104 (1999)
    Oxford, UK : Blackwell Publishing Ltd
    FEMS microbiology letters 171 (1999), S. 0 
    Details
    ISSN: 1574-6968
    Source: Blackwell Publishing Journal Backfiles 1879-2005
    Topics: Biology
    Notes: Commercial laying hens were infected with Salmonella typhimurium DT104 strain 16 alternatively via the crop (107 cfu per bird) or by an aerosol delivered directly to the beaks using a Collison nebuliser and Henderson apparatus (2×102 or 2×104 cfu per bird). Infection by both routes caused systemic infection and prolonged contamination of faeces. Contamination rates of eggs and muscle were much higher following the aerosol challenges despite the much lower doses given by this route. The frequency of Salmonella isolation from eggs rose from 1.7% following oral challenge to 14% and 25%, for each of the aerosol challenges respectively, and the frequency of isolation from muscle rose from 0% following the oral challenge to 27% following each of the aerosol challenges.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1111/j.1574-6968.1999.tb13433.x
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  • 7
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Transmission potential of smallpox in contemporary populations (2001)
    [s.l.] : Macmillian Magazines Ltd.
    Nature 414 (2001), S. 748-751 
    Details
    ISSN: 1476-4687
    Source: Nature Archives 1869 - 2009
    Topics: Biology , Chemistry and Pharmacology , Medicine , Natural Sciences in General , Physics
    Notes: [Auszug] Despite eradication, smallpox still presents a risk to public health whilst laboratory stocks of virus remain. One factor crucial to any assessment of this risk is R0, the average number of secondary cases infected by each primary case. However, recently applied estimates have varied ...
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1038/414748a
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  • 8
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Planning for smallpox outbreaks (2003)
    [s.l.] : Macmillian Magazines Ltd.
    Nature 425 (2003), S. 681-685 
    Details
    ISSN: 1476-4687
    Source: Nature Archives 1869 - 2009
    Topics: Biology , Chemistry and Pharmacology , Medicine , Natural Sciences in General , Physics
    Notes: [Auszug] Mathematical models of viral transmission and control are important tools for assessing the threat posed by deliberate release of the smallpox virus and the best means of containing an outbreak. Models must balance biological realism against limitations of knowledge, and uncertainties need to be ...
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1038/nature02007
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  • 9
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    Policy planning and central-local relations (1985)
    Elsevier
    Details
    Publication Date: 1985-04-01
    Print ISSN: 0024-6301
    Electronic ISSN: 1873-1872
    Topics: Economics
    Published by Elsevier
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  • 10
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    Erratum: correction: Transmission potential of smallpox in contemporary populations (2002)
    Springer Nature
    Details
    Publication Date: 2002-02-01
    Print ISSN: 0028-0836
    Electronic ISSN: 1476-4687
    Topics: Biology , Chemistry and Pharmacology , Medicine , Natural Sciences in General , Physics
    Published by Springer Nature
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