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  • 1
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    Repellent effects of different products of the neem tree on the red locust,Nomadacris septemfasciata Serv., in maize fields in the southwestern parts of Madagascar (1995)
    Springer
    Details
    Publication Date: 1995-04-01
    Print ISSN: 1612-4758
    Electronic ISSN: 1612-4766
    Topics: Biology , Agriculture, Forestry, Horticulture, Fishery, Domestic Science, Nutrition
    Published by Springer
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  • 2
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    Ein Beitrag zur Habitatselektion des Ameisenbuntkäfers,Thanasimus formicarius L. (Col., Cleridae) (1989)
    Springer
    Details
    Publication Date: 1989-07-01
    Print ISSN: 1612-4758
    Electronic ISSN: 1612-4766
    Topics: Biology , Agriculture, Forestry, Horticulture, Fishery, Domestic Science, Nutrition
    Published by Springer
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  • 3
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    BIOLOGICAL CONTROL OF LOCUSTS AND GRASSHOPPERS (2001)
    Annual Reviews
    Details
    Publication Date: 2001-01-01
    Description: ▪ Abstract  Control of grasshoppers and locusts has traditionally relied on synthetic insecticides, and for emergency situations this is unlikely to change. However, a growing awareness of the environmental issues associated with acridid control as well as the high costs of emergency control are expanding the demand for biological control. In particular, preventive, integrated control strategies with early interventions will reduce the financial and environmental costs associated with large-scale plague treatments. The recent development of effective oil formulations of Metarhizium anisopliae spores in Africa, Australia, and Brazil opens new possibilities for environmentally safe control operations. Metarhizium biopesticide kills 70%–90% of treated locusts within 14–20 days, with no measurable impact on nontarget organisms. An integrated pest management strategy, with an emphasis on the use of Metarhizium, that incorporates rational use of chemical pesticides with biological options such as the microsporidian Nosema locustae and the hymenopteran egg parasitoids Scelio spp., has become a realistic option.
    Print ISSN: 0066-4170
    Electronic ISSN: 1545-4487
    Topics: Biology
    Published by Annual Reviews
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  • 4
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    BIOLOGICAL CONTROL OF LOCUSTS AND GRASSHOPPERS (2001)
    Palo Alto, Calif. : Annual Reviews
    Annual Review of Entomology 46 (2001), S. 667-702 
    Details
    ISSN: 0066-4170
    Source: Annual Reviews Electronic Back Volume Collection 1932-2001ff
    Topics: Biology
    Notes: Abstract Control of grasshoppers and locusts has traditionally relied on synthetic insecticides, and for emergency situations this is unlikely to change. However, a growing awareness of the environmental issues associated with acridid control as well as the high costs of emergency control are expanding the demand for biological control. In particular, preventive, integrated control strategies with early interventions will reduce the financial and environmental costs associated with large-scale plague treatments. The recent development of effective oil formulations of Metarhizium anisopliae spores in Africa, Australia, and Brazil opens new possibilities for environmentally safe control operations. Metarhizium biopesticide kills 70%-90% of treated locusts within 14-20 days, with no measurable impact on nontarget organisms. An integrated pest management strategy, with an emphasis on the use of Metarhizium, that incorporates rational use of chemical pesticides with biological options such as the microsporidian Nosema locustae and the hymenopteran egg parasitoids Scelio spp., has become a realistic option.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1146/annurev.ento.46.1.667
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  • 5
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Use of Metarhizium flavoviride for control of Zonocerus variegatus: A model, linking dispersal and secondary infection from the spray residue with mortality in caged field samples (1997)
    Springer
    Entomologia experimentalis et applicata 82 (1997), S. 1-8 
    Details
    ISSN: 1570-7458
    Keywords: Zonocerus variegatus ; grasshoppers ; Metarhizium flavoviride ; entomopathogenic fungus ; microbial control ; incubation time ; field trial ; mortality ; population reduction ; spore residue ; dispersal ; immigration
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Biology
    Notes: Abstract A field trial was conducted using an oil formulation of the entomopathogenic fungus, Metarhizium flavoviride Gams & Rozyspal (Deuteromycotina: Hyphomycetes), to control the variegated grasshopper, Zonocerus variegatus L. (Orthoptera: Pyrgomorphidae). The influence of dispersal and secondary pick-up from the spray residue on mortality was assessed by sampling insects from the treated plots at intervals and monitoring disease levels during subsequent incubation in the laboratory. The cumulative mortality curves showed the pathogen to be highly effective, even in samples taken 8 days after spraying. A model was developed to link the influence of mortality, incubation, secondary pick-up of spores and insect dispersal, on the shape of these cumulative mortality curves. The model proved useful for data received from an experiment using small plot sizes, where insect dispersal is a big problem. The spray residue had an important influence on overall insect mortality. The model also indicated a difference in speed of kill between field and laboratory samples, suggesting an incubation delay in the field.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1023/A:1002945309579
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  • 6
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Ein Beitrag zur Habitatselektion des Ameisenbuntkäfers,Thanasimus formicarius L. (Col., Cleridae) (1989)
    Springer
    Journal of pest science 62 (1989), S. 88-90 
    Details
    ISSN: 1612-4766
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Biology , Agriculture, Forestry, Horticulture, Fishery, Domestic Science, Nutrition
    Description / Table of Contents: Zusammenfassung Die vorliegende Arbeit untersuchte Aspekte der Habitatselektion beim AmeisenbuntkäferThanasimus formicarius L. (Col., Cleridae). Der Ameisenbuntkäfer zieht vertikale Baumstammsilhouetten horizontalen vor. Optische Habitatmerkmale werden ollaktorischen Merkmalen vorgezogen. Borkenkäferpheromon und volatile Stoffe der Wirtsbäume wirken erst im Zusammenhang mit Baumstammsilhouetten attraktiv.
    Notes: Abstract Optical and olfactory cues for habitatselection of the barkbeetle-predatorThanasimus formicarius were compared. In alternative choices,T. formicarius preferred black-coloured trunk-models in vertical position, if single trunk-models of equal size in vertical and horizontal position were offered. When a source ofIps typographus-pheromone and a vertical trunk-model were offered,T. formicarius preferred the trunkmodel. If in the same display a trunk-model was placed beside the pheromone-source, it showed a vice versa effect. The combination of both is more attractive toT. formicarius, than a trunkmodel only. The habitatselection appears to be mostly influenced by the optical signal “stem”.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/BF01906547
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  • 7
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Repellent effects of different products of the neem tree on the red locust,Nomadacris septemfasciata Serv., in maize fields in the southwestern parts of Madagascar (1995)
    Springer
    Journal of pest science 68 (1995), S. 55-57 
    Details
    ISSN: 1612-4766
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Biology , Agriculture, Forestry, Horticulture, Fishery, Domestic Science, Nutrition
    Description / Table of Contents: Zusammenfassung Drei verschiedene Niemprodukte wurden auf ihre fraßabschreckende Wirkung auf die rote WanderheuschreckeNomadacris septemfasciata in einem Maisfeld im Südwesten Madagaskars überprüft. Ein einfacher Wasserextrakt aus 50 g gemahlenen Niemsamen pro Liter wurde in zwei Applikationsvolumina (200 l und 600 l pro ha) gespritzt. Eine angereicherte Niem-ULV-Formulierung wurde mit Hilfe eines ULV-Spritzgerätes bei 2 l/ha appliziert. Fünf kg aus Niempreßkuchen hergestellter Puder pro ha wurde ebenfalls ausgebracht. Alle 4 Behandlungen schützten den Mais mindestens für 5 Tage vor Fraßschäden durchN. septemfasciata. Der Wasserextrakt verminderte den Befall über 7 Tage und die Niem-ULV-Formulierung über 9 Tage signifikant. Der leicht herzustellende Wasserextrakt könnte ein für die Maisbauern geeignetes Mittel sein, um ihre Felder vor dem Befall vonN. septemfasciata wirksam zu schützen. Da es auf Grund ihrer Biologie viel einfacher ist, mitN. septemfasciata als mit der taxonomisch sehr eng verwandten Wüstenheuschrecke (Schistocerca gregaria Forsk.) zu arbeiten, eignet sichN. septemfasciata hervorragend als Modellorganismus für Versuche mit Niemprodukten im Freiland.
    Notes: Abstract The repellent effect of 3 different neem formulations was tested on red locust,Nomadacris septemfasciata Serv., in a maize field in the southwest of madagascar. A simple water extract from neem seed kernels (200 l and 600 l per ha), an enriched neem ULV-formulation (2 l per ha) and a dust, prepared on the base of neem seed cake (5 kg per ha) were applied. All four treatment provided protection from attack for at least five days. The water extract was significantly active until 7 days, the neem-ULV-formulation until 9 days after treatment. The application of neem seed kernel water extract could be a simple means for Malagasy farmers to protect their fields against red locust. N. septemfaxciata is a very interesting test organism because it is much easier to work with this species compared to the taxonomical closely related desert locust (Schistocerca gregaria Forsk.).
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/BF01996732
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