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  • 1
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    [S.l.] : American Institute of Physics (AIP)
    Journal of Applied Physics 80 (1996), S. 76-80 
    ISSN: 1089-7550
    Source: AIP Digital Archive
    Topics: Physics
    Notes: Investigation on magnetocaloric effects, magnetic entropy, Curie temperature, and specific heat of nanocomposite binary gadolinium alloys Gd–Tb, Gd–Zn, and Gd–Y has been carried out with an applied magnetic field of 1 T and in a temperature range of 233–313 K. Compared with the respective bulk alloys, the as-prepared nanocomposite alloys were found to have higher specific heat and lower Curie temperature. The nanocomposite Gd–Y alloy exhibited distinctive enhancement of both magnetocaloric effect and magnetic entropy over that of the bulk alloy. The finding is of importance for developing new materials for magnetic refrigeration at room temperature. A discussion concerning the enhanced magnetic entropy in nanometer superparamagnetic systems is presented in detail. © 1996 American Institute of Physics.
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  • 2
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    [S.l.] : American Institute of Physics (AIP)
    Journal of Applied Physics 78 (1995), S. 5965-5969 
    ISSN: 1089-7550
    Source: AIP Digital Archive
    Topics: Physics
    Notes: New derivation of the kinetics of isothermal phase transformation by using probability calculation has been introduced and demonstrated for the simple one-dimensional case, which yields conclusions for transformation with preferred nucleation at line defects. In contrast to the classical treatments, the present derivation starts from a finite discrete system and follows direct logic. With this method it is possible to determine the distribution function of nuclei and to investigate problems such as the many-nuclei correlation, superposition of more than one process, and various boundary conditions. Further analysis yields formulation for the rate of impingement and other details about the transformation. Combined with the analytical treatment, the specialized algorithm for Monte Carlo simulation of nucleation and growth has been developed. From the results of simulation the limitation of the continuous approach has been detected. © 1995 American Institute of Physics.
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  • 3
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    [S.l.] : American Institute of Physics (AIP)
    Journal of Applied Physics 79 (1996), S. 3504-3511 
    ISSN: 1089-7550
    Source: AIP Digital Archive
    Topics: Physics
    Notes: Theoretical results on the kinetics of transformations with nucleation and growth mechanisms in homogeneous systems during isothermal annealing are reported. The present derivations start from a probability calculation in a finite discrete assembly. In the simplest case with a constant growth rate the results of the formulation agree with the classical Avrami equation for two- and three-dimensional systems. Furthermore, by calculating the survival probability step by step for separate occurrences, the relationships between interfering processes and the effects of neighboring nuclei are revealed. In particular, the distribution of nuclei pairs with distance is determined. Various cases of preferred nucleation in specialized regions, such as linear zones (e.g., dislocations), planar areas (e.g., grain boundaries), or three-dimensional partial volumes, are analytically solved and these solutions can be directly used for the interpretation and evaluation of experimental measurements. © 1996 American Institute of Physics.
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  • 4
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Springer
    Journal of materials science 28 (1993), S. 989-993 
    ISSN: 1573-4803
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Mechanical Engineering, Materials Science, Production Engineering, Mining and Metallurgy, Traffic Engineering, Precision Mechanics
    Notes: Abstract The internal friction of high-purity aluminium during the process of plastic deformation was measured by a middle torsion pendulum on a modified tensile testing machine. The effects of tensile strain rate, $$\dot \varepsilon $$ , in the range of 0.73×10−6 to 50×10−6s−1, and frequency of internal friction measurement, f, in the range of 0.38 to 2.6 Hz were studied. The results showed a non-linear dependence of internal friction, Q −1, on $$\dot \varepsilon $$ and f −1 or on $$\dot \varepsilon /\omega $$ (ω=2π f). The interrelationship between internal friction during the process of plastic deformation and dislocation motion, and the effect of non-linearity on the dynamic behaviour of dislocations are discussed.
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  • 5
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Springer
    Journal of materials science 12 (1993), S. 470-472 
    ISSN: 1573-4811
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Mechanical Engineering, Materials Science, Production Engineering, Mining and Metallurgy, Traffic Engineering, Precision Mechanics
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  • 6
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Springer
    Journal of materials science 15 (1980), S. 1297-1305 
    ISSN: 1573-4803
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Mechanical Engineering, Materials Science, Production Engineering, Mining and Metallurgy, Traffic Engineering, Precision Mechanics
    Notes: Abstract Calibration curves for quantitative analysis by X-ray diffraction of precipitates in Type 316 stainless steel have been prepared using nearly “pure” M23C6 carbide and sigma phase. The method was checked by an independent technique using a Quantimet 720 Image Analysing Computer. Agreement of better than ±10% of the amount of precipitates was obtained between the two techniques.
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  • 7
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Springer
    Journal of materials science 28 (1993), S. 5814-5818 
    ISSN: 1573-4803
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Mechanical Engineering, Materials Science, Production Engineering, Mining and Metallurgy, Traffic Engineering, Precision Mechanics
    Notes: Abstract The conventional dilatometric technique is applied to study the thermal expansion of the metallic glass Co63(FeNi)10V2Si10B15 with cylindrical samples rolled from ribbon. The heatingrate effect on expansion and differential thermal analysis (DTA) is investigated. The non-linear region of the temperature variation curves of relative elongation all show a broad peak and a distinct peak which correspond to those in DTA. The broad peak in DTA resolves into two peaks: the first one is associated with the glass transition which is interpreted as a quasi-first-order transformation. On comparing with X-ray diffraction analysis, the crystallization is determined to be a two-stage process in which Co(4F) precipitation is a controlling factor.
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  • 8
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Springer
    Journal of materials science 28 (1993), S. 5240-5246 
    ISSN: 1573-4803
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Mechanical Engineering, Materials Science, Production Engineering, Mining and Metallurgy, Traffic Engineering, Precision Mechanics
    Notes: Abstract The properties of two types of short carbon fibre (CF) reinforced thermoplastic resin composites (CF-PPS and CF-PES-C), such as strength (σy). Young's modulus (E) and fracture toughness (K 1c), have been determined for various volume fractions (V f) of CF. The results show that the Young's modulus increases linearly with increasingV f with a Krenchel efficiency factor of 0.05, whereas σy andK 1c increase at first and then peak at a volume fraction of about 0.25. The experimental results are explained using the characteristics of fibre-matrix adhesion deduced from the load-displacement curves and fractography. By using a crack pinning model, the effective crack tensions (T) have been calculated for both composites and they are 57 kJ m−1 for CF-PPS and 4.2 kJ m−1 for CF-PES-C. The results indicate that the main contribution to the crack extension originates from localized plastic deformation of the matrix adjacent to the fibre-matrix interface.
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  • 9
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Springer
    Journal of materials science 30 (1995), S. 5543-5550 
    ISSN: 1573-4803
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Mechanical Engineering, Materials Science, Production Engineering, Mining and Metallurgy, Traffic Engineering, Precision Mechanics
    Notes: Abstract The effects of solder pastes and infrared reflow temperature profiles on the characteristics of porosity in solder joints are described. Porosity in solder joints can be detected by X-ray radiography. It was found that the composition and structure of solder pastes had the most significant effect on pore formation. However, a lower metal content and/or a higher heating rate did not necessarily cause a higher percentage of pores in solder joints. Results of experiments on pore formation processes during the whole infrared reflow soldering cycle show that high area fraction of pores in solder joints correspond to the peak temperatures in infrared reflow temperature profiles. To evaluate the thermal effect on the performance and structure of solder pastes, tests were also conducted using differential scanning calorimetry, thermogravimetric analysis (TGA) and weight loss in infrared reflow. It was found that the weight loss rate in the TGA curve and infrared reflow and floating speed of porosity are useful to predict the pore formation behaviour in the solder joint. It is recommended that an IR reflow process is chosen to fit with a suitable solder paste in order to decrease porosity in surface-mount solder joints.
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  • 10
    ISSN: 1573-4803
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Mechanical Engineering, Materials Science, Production Engineering, Mining and Metallurgy, Traffic Engineering, Precision Mechanics
    Notes: Abstract The effect of vanadium addition on the microstructure of Cu–Al–Ni–Mn high-temperature shape memory alloy (SMA) and its thermal cycling and ageing behaviour has been investigated. Using scanning electron microscopy, energy dispersive X-ray analysis and X-ray diffraction analysis, the morphology, distribution and structure of secondary phase, induced by vanadium addition, have been identified. The effect of secondary phase on grain refining of Cu–Al–Ni–Mn has also been revealed. Differential scanning calorimetry measurement was used to investigate the effect of thermal cycling and ageing on the transformation temperature. It has been found that thermal cycling has a strong influence on the transformation temperature of the present Cu–Al–Ni–Mn–V high-temperature SMA. Ageing also caused an apparent change of the transformation temperature. It has been suggested that this was mainly due to the precipitation of secondary phase, because the sample was heated to a rather high temperature in both thermal cycling and the ageing process. The experiment showed that the transformation temperature could be maintained stable in the thermal cycling process by pre-ageing the sample at a suitable temperature.
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