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  • 1
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Weinheim : Wiley-Blackwell
    Angewandte Makromolekulare Chemie 237 (1996), S. 191-208 
    ISSN: 0003-3146
    Keywords: Chemistry ; Polymer and Materials Science
    Source: Wiley InterScience Backfile Collection 1832-2000
    Topics: Chemistry and Pharmacology , Physics
    Description / Table of Contents: The dynamic toughness behaviour of polycarbonate was performed with the instrumented Charpy impact test. In dependence on the temperature, elastic and elastic-plastic material behaviour with predominantly instable crack growth and elastic-plastic material behaviour with greater parts of stable crack growth were observed. An analysis method which enables the assessment of temperature dependence in a wide range of temperature is available by the energy-determined fracture mechanical parameter, „J integral“. The J integral values show a stress-determined local maximum at -60°C and a global maximum at 60°C, which is related to a stress-in-duced shear flow process. The intersection point in an Arrhenius plot between the straight line of the p relaxation and the fracture frequency was found at a temperature of -60°C and at a frequency of 300 Hz. It follows that the toughness peak at -60°C was induced by the p relaxation. In the selected range of temperature, it was possible to determine the quantitative extension of different areas of the fracture faces using optical microscopy. These results were correlated to the mechanical material behaviour of polycarbonate.
    Notes: Das Zähigkeitsverhalten von Polycarbonat wird bei dynamischer Beanspruchung mittels instrumentierter Kerbschlagbiegeprüfung bestimmt. In Abhängigkeit von der Temperatur wird elastisches, elastisch-plastisches Werkstoffverhalten mit überwiegend instabilem Rißwachstum und elastisch-plastisches Werkstoffverhalten mit dominanten Anteilen an stabilem Rißwachstum beobachtet. Mit der energiebestimmten bruchmechanischen Kenngröße „J-Integral“ wird eine Auswertemethode zur Verfügung gestellt, die eine Bewertung der Temperaturabhängigkeit in einem weiten Temperaturbereich erlaubt. Die J-Integral-Werte zeigen ein kraftdeterminiertes lokales Maximum bei -60°C und ein globales Maximum bei 60°C, das mit einem spannungsinduzierten Scherfließprozeß in Beziehung steht. Der Schnittpunkt der Spur der ß-Relaxation mit der Bruchfrequenz im Arrhenius-Diagramm ergibt sich zu einer Temperatur von -60°C bei einer Frequenz von 300 Hz. Daraus ist zu ersehen, daß die Zähigkeitserhöhung bei -60°C durch die ß-Relaxation stimuliert wird. Im gewählten Temperaturbereich war es möglich, die quantitative Größe ausgewählter Bruchflächenphänomene mittels lichtmikroskopischer Untersuchungen zu ermitteln und in Beziehung zum Werkstoffverhalten zu setzen.
    Additional Material: 11 Ill.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
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  • 2
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Weinheim : Wiley-Blackwell
    Angewandte Makromolekulare Chemie 253 (1997), S. 27-49 
    ISSN: 0003-3146
    Keywords: Chemistry ; Polymer and Materials Science
    Source: Wiley InterScience Backfile Collection 1832-2000
    Topics: Chemistry and Pharmacology , Physics
    Description / Table of Contents: For innovative applications of plastics, which take advantage of special properties of polymeric materials, comprehensive understanding on strengthening and toughening mechanisms is required. The temperature-dependent mechanical behaviour of PMMA, PS and PC under dynamic loading conditions were investigated by means of an instrumented Charpy impact tester. The elastic-plastic fracture mechanics parameters, the energy-determined J-integral, and the deformation-determined crack opening displacement, δ, enable to do structure-related quantification of micromechanical processes. The J-integral values showed a maximum, resulting from an energy-dissipative process. The maximum values for PMMA occurred at 50°C and for PC at 40°C , which is related to the secondary(β) relaxation as evaluated from the frequency dependence of the mechanical loss factor. The 0-relaxation initiated shear deformation mechanisms, which led to a local increase of toughness. In polycarbonate, toughness is strongly increased due to a stress-induced shear flow process at temperatures higher than -25°C. Correlations between morphology and toughness can be derived with the help of optical investigations of stable crack propagation on fracture surfaces.
    Notes: Innovative Kunststoffanwendungen, die die speziellen Eigenschaften polymerer Werkstoffe gezielt ausnutzen, erfordern vertiefte Kenntnisse über festigkeits- und zähigkeitsbestimmende Mechanismen. Das sich in Abhängigkeit von der Temperatur ändernde Werkstoffverhalten von PMMA, PS und PC wurde bei dynamischer Beanspruchung mittels instrumentierter Kerbschlagbiegeprüfung bestimmt. Mit der verformungsbestimmten Rißöffnungsverschiebung δ und dem energiebestimmten J-Integral stehen Kenngrößen der Fließbruchmechanik zur Verfügung, die eine strukturbezogene Quantifizierung der temperaturabhängigen mikromechanischen Prozesse erlauben. Die J-Integralwerte zeigen für PMMA bei 50°C und für PC bei -60°C ein durch einen energiedissipativen Prozeß verursachtes Maximum. Dieses Maximum steht, wie sich aus der Interpretation der Frequenzabhängigkeit des mechanischen Verlustfaktors ergibt, mit der Neben(β)-Relaxation in Beziehung. Dabei initiiert die β-Relaxation Scherdeformationsmechanismen, die ihrerseits die lokale Zähigkeitserhöhung bewirken. Ab -25°C führt für PC ein spannungsinduzierter Scherfließprozeß zu einer erheblichen Zähigkeitssteigerung. Durch die Einbeziehung lichtmikroskopischer Untersuchungen des stabilen Rißfortschritts auf der Bruchfläche können Morphologie-Zähigkeits-Korrelationen abgeleitet werden.
    Additional Material: 16 Ill.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
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  • 3
    Publication Date: 2019-02-12
    Description: The work aims at establishing the optimum conditions for dual thermal and electron beam curing of thermosetting systems modified by styrene/butadiene (SB)-based triblock copolymers in order to develop transparent and toughened materials. The work also investigates the effects of curing procedures on the ultimate phase morphology and mechanical properties of these thermoset–SB copolymer blends. It was found that at least 46 mol% of the epoxidation degree of the SB copolymer was needed to enable the miscibility of the modified block copolymer into the epoxy resin. Hence, an electron beam curing dose of ~50 kGy was needed to ensure the formation of micro- and nanostructured transparent blends. The micro- and nanophase-separated thermosets obtained were analyzed by optical as well as scanning and transmission electron microscopy. The mechanical properties of the blends were enhanced as shown by their impact strengths, indentation, hardness, and fracture toughness analyses, whereby the toughness values were found to mainly depend on the dose. Thus, we have developed a new route for designing dual-cured toughened micro- and nanostructured transparent epoxy thermosets with enhanced fracture toughness.
    Electronic ISSN: 1996-1944
    Topics: Mechanical Engineering, Materials Science, Production Engineering, Mining and Metallurgy, Traffic Engineering, Precision Mechanics
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  • 4
    Publication Date: 2020-08-17
    Print ISSN: 0170-0839
    Electronic ISSN: 1436-2449
    Topics: Chemistry and Pharmacology , Mechanical Engineering, Materials Science, Production Engineering, Mining and Metallurgy, Traffic Engineering, Precision Mechanics , Physics
    Published by Springer
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