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  • 1
    Monograph available for loan
    Monograph available for loan
    Berlin [u.a.] : Gebr. Borntraeger
    Associated volumes
    Call number: M 94.0411/2
    In: Experimental and theoretical aspects of induced polarization
    Type of Medium: Monograph available for loan
    Pages: XVI, S.252-335
    ISBN: 3443130100
    Classification:
    Geophysical Exploration, Geophysical Prospecting
    Language: English
    Location: Upper compact magazine
    Branch Library: GFZ Library
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  • 2
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Oxford, UK : Blackwell Publishing Ltd
    Geophysical prospecting 7 (1959), S. 0 
    ISSN: 1365-2478
    Source: Blackwell Publishing Journal Backfiles 1879-2005
    Topics: Geosciences , Physics
    Notes: An analogy is established between the propagation of an electromagnetic field in a horizontally stratified conductive medium and that of currents in a linear electric network. This analogy will allow us to know in which case measurements executed at the surface of the ground can provide information about the properties of deeper layers. The situation is the same as when one tries, by means of impedance measurements at the input terminals, to know the properties of electric lines or lumped networks.A symmetrical linear network establishes between:Voltages V1 and V2 (respectively at input and output terminals)Currents I1 and I2 (respectively at input and output terminals), the relationship 〈displayedItem type="mathematics" xml:id="mu1" numbered="no"〉〈mediaResource alt="image" href="urn:x-wiley:00168025:GPR77:GPR_77_mu1"/〉 is called the “phase constant” and Z the characteristic impedance The table 〈displayedItem type="mathematics" xml:id="mu2" numbered="no"〉〈mediaResource alt="image" href="urn:x-wiley:00168025:GPR77:GPR_77_mu2"/〉 is called “characteristic matrix”If one then takes the horizontal components of an electromagnetic field, one can compare the voltage V with the horizontal electric field E (in volts m-1) and the current I with the horizontal magnetic field H (in Amp m−1)For plane waves in vacuum, one gets (Schelkunoff) Z=C (velocity of light)A layer whose thickness is D has a phase constant⌈= 2 πD/λ (λ= wavelength)For plane waves in a conductive, non magnetic medium whose conductivity is δ, one gets 〈displayedItem type="mathematics" xml:id="mu3" numbered="no"〉〈mediaResource alt="image" href="urn:x-wiley:00168025:GPR77:GPR_77_mu3"/〉 For the system of waves created by a point-source one expresses the solution, since it is classical, as a sum or integral of different modes. For each of these modes, one can still write a bilinear relationship similar to (1), and calculate Z and ⌈.A generalization of this result is given.Boundary conditions that exist at the surfaces of separation are met by writing the continuity of E and H. This condition exactly corresponds to the fact that there one V and one I at the junctions of various sections of lines, or networks.The characteristic matrix of a cascade of networks-or here that of a horizontally stratified ground– is the product of the matrixes of each network. If, in addition, one knows the end impedance–here the conductivity λn of the last layer, supposed to be infinite–one can compute the input impedance Re of the whole system. In electromagnetic prospecting, it is Re that conditions the observable field.Inversely, if measurements were infinitely accurate, the. knowledge of the surface field would give all the thicknesses D and conductivities δ of intermediate layers, in the same way that impedance measurements at the input terminals of a cable would allow to locate any failure. The imperfection of measurements causes the elements located too far away (from the point of view of wave attenuation) to escape detection.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
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  • 3
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Oxford, UK : Blackwell Publishing Ltd
    Geophysical prospecting 22 (1974), S. 0 
    ISSN: 1365-2478
    Source: Blackwell Publishing Journal Backfiles 1879-2005
    Topics: Geosciences , Physics
    Notes: Decomposition of IP discharge curve into a sum of exponentials yields more information than present practice does. Such a work was performed, as a beginning, by hand, plotting the ordinates on semi logarithimic paper. It gave, according to the cases, two or three exponentials, each with an amplitude Ai and the time constant τi.Three examples of ground prospection are given, the third of which shows an anomaly, unnoticed with present technique but obvious on a profile curve with A1/A2 in ordinates.A computer processing technique is described which yields directly the time constants τi by seeking a differential equation which the IP voltage satisfies; the order of the equation is set arbitrarily. On a practical prospection record with only two exponentials, the assumption that the differential equation does not depend on charge duration (everything else being equal) has been checked (the shape of the curves would depend on boundary conditions). The assumption roughly holds for charge durations from 5 seconds to 40 seconds. We hope that a larger number of exponentials will yield better results.〈section xml:id="abs1-2"〉〈title type="main"〉SommaireLa décomposition de la courbe de décharge en une somme d'exponentielles permet d'en tirer plus d'information que la pratique actuelle. Un tel travail a été fait, pour commencer, à la main en portant les ordonnées sur papier logarithmique; il a fourni, suivant les cas, deux ou trois exponentielles avec, pour chacune d'elles, le coefficient Ai et la constante de temps τi.On donne trois exemples de prospection sur le terrain, dont le dernier comporte une anomalie, inaperçue avec la technique actuelle, mais bien mise en évidence en traçant la courbe de A1/A2 le long du profil.On donne ensuite une technique de calcul sur ordinateur des τi, en recherchant l'équation différentielle à laquelle obéit la tension ΔVPP enregistrée, l'ordre de cette équation étant fixé arbitrairement. On a cherchéà vérifier sur un enregistrement de terrain, avec. deux exponentielles seulement, l'hypothèse suivant laquelle l'équation différentielle ne dépend pas de la durée de charge (toutes choses égales d'ailleurs). L'hypothèse se trouve grossièrement vérifiée pour les durées de charge allant de 5 secondes à 40 secondes, et nous espérons qu'un plus grand nombre d'exponentielles donnera de meilleurs résultats.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
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  • 4
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Oxford, UK : Blackwell Publishing Ltd
    Geophysical prospecting 9 (1961), S. 0 
    ISSN: 1365-2478
    Source: Blackwell Publishing Journal Backfiles 1879-2005
    Topics: Geosciences , Physics
    Notes: For the propagation of acoustic waves in formations, laboratory experiments yield an expression of the form:〈displayedItem type="mathematics" xml:id="mu1" numbered="no"〉〈mediaResource alt="image" href="urn:x-wiley:00168025:GPR370:GPR_370_mu1"/〉in which A is the amplitude (strain or stress) A 0 some constant coefficient x the coordinate according to which propagation takes placeα the attenuation coefficient C velocityω the angular frequency of sinusoidal oscillation.No analogy between this law and that of electromagnetic waves can be made, since:〈list xml:id="l1" style="custom"〉1) coefficient α is not independent of frequency: its expression is α=Kω (K constant);2) however, with present recording technique, no noticeable dispersion can be found.The present paper shows how results are compatible if losses of energy are accounted for by a hysteresis phenomenon that is analyzed (see Figure). Stress T is in abscissae, and strain δu/δx, multiplied by a coefficient E′ characteristic of the elastic properties of the solid, is in ordinates. The horizontal part of the curve is θ. It is supposed that the absorption properties of the ground are given by some dimensionless coefficientλ=θ/T−Then one getsα=ωλ/4CIf λ≪ 1, we get the propagation law〈displayedItem type="mathematics" xml:id="mu2" numbered="no"〉〈mediaResource alt="image" href="urn:x-wiley:00168025:GPR370:GPR_370_mu2"/〉An attenuation takes place without phase shift, and consequently without dispersion.The author reverts to the inapplicability of the superposition principle, and foresees theoretically, for instance, that a strain T′ cos ω′t, where T′ 〉 T and ω′ 〉 ω, can completely cancel coefficient α.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
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  • 5
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Oxford, UK : Blackwell Publishing Ltd
    Geophysical prospecting 17 (1969), S. 0 
    ISSN: 1365-2478
    Source: Blackwell Publishing Journal Backfiles 1879-2005
    Topics: Geosciences , Physics
    Notes: This paper deals with electromagnetic fields in the so called “Transient Induced Polarization Technique”. Field equations are integrated in the case of a polarizable sphere inbedded in a sterile overburden. The existence of a remanent polarization vector P which slowly decays once the charging current has been cut off is taken as the initial condition. When the surface between the air and overburden is (as a first step) disregarded, the Laplace transform of the EM fields is given. The integral of the electric field (which is fairly often the result of prospection work) is independent of the various time constants related to electrochemical processes, but it stands as a good measurement of the total electrostatic dipole created by the charging current.We investigate the geometrical circumstances that can bring negative values of I.P. signal. Such negative values can be found in two cases: 1. The discharge currents are. distorted by the ground surface. 2. The I.P. signal is picked up by electrodes inside the polarizable material.The last part is dedicated to an account of experimental work performed on models and of an actual case history.The mathematical derivations are included in an appendix.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
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  • 6
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Oxford, UK : Blackwell Publishing Ltd
    Geophysical prospecting 12 (1964), S. 0 
    ISSN: 1365-2478
    Source: Blackwell Publishing Journal Backfiles 1879-2005
    Topics: Geosciences , Physics
    Notes: This paper deals with transient response of resistive formations to pulse sources. Computation of solutions of equations such as:〈displayedItem type="mathematics" xml:id="m1"〉1〈mediaResource alt="image" href="urn:x-wiley:00168025:GPR325:GPR_325_m1"/〉is linked to computation of solutions of equations such as:〈displayedItem type="mathematics" xml:id="m2"〉2〈mediaResource alt="image" href="urn:x-wiley:00168025:GPR325:GPR_325_m2"/〉It can be used in the case where several media exist, the conductivities of which are σ1 σ2.The method consists in establishing a correspondence between the case to be dealt with and a fictitious region of space with the same interfaces, in which the propagation of a disturbance obeys Equation (2).Velocities C1 C2. are related to conductivities by the condition〈displayedItem type="mathematics" xml:id="m3"〉3〈mediaResource alt="image" href="urn:x-wiley:00168025:GPR325:GPR_325_m3"/〉At the interfaces, the distribution of incident energy between transmitted and reflected energy is related to the ratio of characteristic impedances, i.e.〈displayedItem type="mathematics" xml:id="mu1" numbered="no"〉〈mediaResource alt="image" href="urn:x-wiley:00168025:GPR325:GPR_325_mu1"/〉in the real case (ω is the angular frequency) and C1/C2 in the fictitious case.These ratios are the same because of Equation (3).Time variation g(θ) of solution of (1) in a given point is computed from time variation of solution of (2) at the same point by means of the transformation〈displayedItem type="mathematics" xml:id="m4"〉4〈mediaResource alt="image" href="urn:x-wiley:00168025:GPR325:GPR_325_m4"/〉(in which τ is the actual time and T the time unit).Equation (4) originates from a formula of symbolic calculus, that allows the Laplace transform of F(Vp) to be calculated from the known Laplace transform of F(p). This correspondence is the one that allows passage from 〈inlineGraphic alt="inline image" href="urn:x-wiley:00168025:GPR325:GPR_325_mu2" location="equation/GPR_325_mu2.gif"/〉 in (1) to 〈inlineGraphic alt="inline image" href="urn:x-wiley:00168025:GPR325:GPR_325_mu3" location="equation/GPR_325_mu3.gif"/〉 in (2)Equation (4) becomes considerably simpler when the response 〈inlineGraphic alt="inline image" href="urn:x-wiley:00168025:GPR325:GPR_325_mu4" location="equation/GPR_325_mu4.gif"/〉 to the unit impulse consists (as happens most often) of the sum of a finite or infinite number of pulses 〈inlineGraphic alt="inline image" href="urn:x-wiley:00168025:GPR325:GPR_325_mu5" location="equation/GPR_325_mu5.gif"/〉 The results is then a sum of functions such as:〈displayedItem type="mathematics" xml:id="mu6" numbered="no"〉〈mediaResource alt="image" href="urn:x-wiley:00168025:GPR325:GPR_325_mu6"/〉Hence, this procedure appears as an extension to systems that obey Equation (1) of the image theory very often used when Equation (2) is applied.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
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  • 7
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Oxford, UK : Blackwell Publishing Ltd
    Geophysical prospecting 11 (1963), S. 0 
    ISSN: 1365-2478
    Source: Blackwell Publishing Journal Backfiles 1879-2005
    Topics: Geosciences , Physics
    Notes: The present work was initiated by an account given by Messrs. Kunetz and ?Erceville. It is greatly inspired by the article of G. W. Postma: Wave propagation in a stratified medium. There a construction of the “wave front” is given, starting from the surface of the velocities. This latter surface is the pedal of the wavefront. This theory is based on a certain section of Love's Treatise on the Mathematical Theory of Elasticity (Ch. XIII, sect. 209). However, no proof of this theory has been provided, neither in Postma's article nor in Love's work.It is the intention of this article to supply such a proof. Also the construction is proved to be valid only for distances from the point source which are large compared with the wavelength.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
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  • 8
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    [s.l.] : Nature Publishing Group
    Nature 192 (1961), S. 1196-1196 
    ISSN: 1476-4687
    Source: Nature Archives 1869 - 2009
    Topics: Biology , Chemistry and Pharmacology , Medicine , Natural Sciences in General , Physics
    Notes: [Auszug] When submitted to starch-gel electrophoresis2, this protein migrates to the a,p-position. Protein iz, as it may be called, is an a2-glycoprotein containing about 10 per cent hexoses. Protein TT is different from these three well-known a2-globulins: haptoglobin, caeruloplasmin and a2-macroglobulin. ...
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
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  • 9
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    [s.l.] : Nature Publishing Group
    Nature 182 (1958), S. 452-453 
    ISSN: 1476-4687
    Source: Nature Archives 1869 - 2009
    Topics: Biology , Chemistry and Pharmacology , Medicine , Natural Sciences in General , Physics
    Notes: [Auszug] The gel is poured into Plexiglas trays (internal dimensions 370 mm. x 50 mm. x 20 mm.). The sample (a mixture in equal parts of plasma and 30 per cent soluble starch in 0.025 M borate buffer) is applied in a slot, 40 mm. x 2 mm. Electrical connexion with the ends of the gel is obtained by means of ...
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
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  • 10
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Amsterdam : Elsevier
    FEBS Letters 281 (1991), S. 278-282 
    ISSN: 0014-5793
    Keywords: Lymphoma cell ; Tyrosine kinase ; Zinc
    Source: Elsevier Journal Backfiles on ScienceDirect 1907 - 2002
    Topics: Biology , Chemistry and Pharmacology , Physics
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
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