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  • 1
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Oxford, UK : Blackwell Publishing Ltd
    Journal of food science 51 (1986), S. 0 
    ISSN: 1750-3841
    Source: Blackwell Publishing Journal Backfiles 1879-2005
    Topics: Agriculture, Forestry, Horticulture, Fishery, Domestic Science, Nutrition , Process Engineering, Biotechnology, Nutrition Technology
    Notes: Thermal transitions (Tr) in myosin were monitored during constant rate heating with a thermal scanning rigidity monitor (TSRM) and a fluorescent probe, 1-anilino-naphthalene-8-sulfonate (ANS). The Tr values from fluorescent probe measurements were 37°C, 44°C, and 44°C for tilapia, rabbit, and chicken myosin-ANS, respectively. Three Tr values at 43°, 49°C, and 55°C were observed in TSRM measurements of tilapia myosin gelation, whereas a single Tr was observed in rabbit and chicken gelation at 48°C and 49°C, respecitvely. In tilapia myosin, KCl concentration and pH significantly influenced the TSRM but not the fluorescence thermograms. These results indicated that a prerequisite change occurred in the hydrophobic character of myosin just prior to the onset of gelation.
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  • 2
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Oxford, UK : Blackwell Publishing Ltd
    Journal of food science 50 (1985), S. 0 
    ISSN: 1750-3841
    Source: Blackwell Publishing Journal Backfiles 1879-2005
    Topics: Agriculture, Forestry, Horticulture, Fishery, Domestic Science, Nutrition , Process Engineering, Biotechnology, Nutrition Technology
    Notes: Gel strengths (work of penetration) of surimi (refined minced fish, MF) alone and in combination with egg white or whey protein concentrate were periodically measured by an annular pump during constant rate heating. Combination gels containing low percentages of MF were of a lesser strength than an additive relationship would have predicted. However, the strength of gels containing greater percentages of MF did relate to the gel strengths of the uncombined proteins.
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  • 3
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Oxford, UK : Blackwell Publishing Ltd
    Journal of food science 49 (1984), S. 0 
    ISSN: 1750-3841
    Source: Blackwell Publishing Journal Backfiles 1879-2005
    Topics: Agriculture, Forestry, Horticulture, Fishery, Domestic Science, Nutrition , Process Engineering, Biotechnology, Nutrition Technology
    Notes: Sols were prepared from comminuted fish (surimi), beef, pork and turkey muscles. Continuous evaluation of changes in structural rigidity and energy damping during heating of the sols from 3° to 95°C was performed in a nondestructive, temperature-controlled Thermal Scanning Rigidity Monitor. Surimi presented major rigidity transitions at 40°. 48° and 65°C; beef at 43°. 56° and 69°C; pork at 44°, 53° and 69°C; and turkey at 50°, 53° and 79°C. All materials exhibited rapid decrease in energy damping (i.e. increase in elasticity) over a short temperature span. Failure testing of gels indicated differences in strength and deformability. SEM micrographs provided an insight into structural features of the gels.
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  • 4
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Oxford, UK : Blackwell Publishing Ltd
    Journal of food science 46 (1981), S. 0 
    ISSN: 1750-3841
    Source: Blackwell Publishing Journal Backfiles 1879-2005
    Topics: Agriculture, Forestry, Horticulture, Fishery, Domestic Science, Nutrition , Process Engineering, Biotechnology, Nutrition Technology
    Notes: Measurements of properties relating to the physical integrity of heat-processed fish gels varied among samples obtained over a 1-yr period or subjected to various processing temperatures. Such gel properties correlated well with the heat-stable protease (alkaline protease) activity measured in the raw samples. A significant inhibitor concentration-dependent relationship was noted between the addition of a potato derived protease inhibitor and gel strength. These observations support the causative role of an erzymic proteolytic agent in the weakening of gel integrity at processing temperatures near 60°C.
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  • 5
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Oxford, UK : Blackwell Publishing Ltd
    Journal of food science 46 (1981), S. 0 
    ISSN: 1750-3841
    Source: Blackwell Publishing Journal Backfiles 1879-2005
    Topics: Agriculture, Forestry, Horticulture, Fishery, Domestic Science, Nutrition , Process Engineering, Biotechnology, Nutrition Technology
    Notes: The greater texture breakdown observed in gel-type products prepared from mechanically separated tissue as opposed to manually separated tissue can to some extent be attributed to the significantly higher protease activity measured in mechanically separated tissue. Failure to thoroughly wash eviscerated fish prior to mincing appears to result in the retention of tissue from internal organs as evidenced by a concommitant increase in protease activity in the minced tissue. Alkaline protease activity in croaker kidney and liver is several thousand fold higher than in skeletal muscle. Addition of kidney and liver tissue to deboned tissue from thoroughly washed fish results in increased protease activity and degradation of the fish tissue upon comminuting and cooking at 60°C. Isoelectric focusing provided evidence that the increased alkaline protease activity observed in mechanically separated fish tissue resulted to some degree from retention of kidney tissue in the fish mince. Isolation of Ca++-dependent protease fractions from liver also implicated contamination from this source as an additional contribution to the total protease activity of minced fish.
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  • 6
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Oxford, UK : Blackwell Publishing Ltd
    Journal of food science 51 (1986), S. 0 
    ISSN: 1750-3841
    Source: Blackwell Publishing Journal Backfiles 1879-2005
    Topics: Agriculture, Forestry, Horticulture, Fishery, Domestic Science, Nutrition , Process Engineering, Biotechnology, Nutrition Technology
    Notes: The effects of cyclic freezing and thawing upon the quality of frozen surimi of two species were studied with respect to sol viscosity, sol rigidity changes during thermal processing and structural failure properties of the cooked gel. A torsion test, used to determine the strength of gels subjected to different thermal histories, revealed that increasing the number of freeze-thaw cycles reduced the strength and deformability of both sand trout and Alaska pollack surimis. Continuous monitoring of sol rigidity during thermal processing showed little changes in thermal transition temperatures caused by freeze-thaw abuse for either surimi but shifts occurred in overall rigidity levels. Particularly dramatic changes were induced in the Alaska pollack rigidity thermogram. The rigidity thermograms of sand trout and Alaska pollack were significantly different, as were their responses to freeze-thaw abuse and low temperature (4°C and 40°C) pretreatments.
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  • 7
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Oxford, UK : Blackwell Publishing Ltd
    Journal of food science 50 (1985), S. 0 
    ISSN: 1750-3841
    Source: Blackwell Publishing Journal Backfiles 1879-2005
    Topics: Agriculture, Forestry, Horticulture, Fishery, Domestic Science, Nutrition , Process Engineering, Biotechnology, Nutrition Technology
    Notes: Differential scanning calorimetry (DSC) was used to investigate thermal transitions of fish mince (surimi) and actomyosin from croaker. Three endothermic peaks were observed in DSC thermograms of surimi. After addition of salt, transition temperatures shifted to lower temperatures. Preheating samples containing 3% salt at various temperatures showed that 40°C heating caused the first peak to disappear, and preheating at temperatures higher than 50°C caused virtual disappearance of all transition peaks. Low temperature storage (4°C) of samples caused no significant change in thermograms of salted or unsalted surimi over a 5-day storage period. Evidence suggests that changes of fish protein during low temperature “setting” are different from those occurring during high temperature “setting.”
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  • 8
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Oxford, UK : Blackwell Publishing Ltd
    Journal of food science 50 (1985), S. 0 
    ISSN: 1750-3841
    Source: Blackwell Publishing Journal Backfiles 1879-2005
    Topics: Agriculture, Forestry, Horticulture, Fishery, Domestic Science, Nutrition , Process Engineering, Biotechnology, Nutrition Technology
    Notes: The thermal transitions of starch-fish protein mixtures were investigated by a thermal scanning rigidity monitor technique and differential scanning calorimetry. Three transitions due to protein denaturation and one transition due to starch gelatinization were identified by both techniques during thermal processing of these mixtures. The gelatinization of starch caused an increase in rigidity of the system to a degree dependent upon the starch type. Thermal transitions of starch and fish protein seemed to proceed independently in mixture systems. However, the presence of salt and sucrose, necessitated by the inclusion of fish protein, caused starch gelatinization to shift to higher temperatures.
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  • 9
    ISSN: 1750-3841
    Source: Blackwell Publishing Journal Backfiles 1879-2005
    Topics: Agriculture, Forestry, Horticulture, Fishery, Domestic Science, Nutrition , Process Engineering, Biotechnology, Nutrition Technology
    Notes: The heat-induced gelation of native egg white (EW) and egg white modified with succinic anhydride (SEW) or oleic acid (OEW), by addition of 15 moles of reagent/50000g protein, was evaluated. Rigidity modulus (G) and mechanical energy damping were continuously monitored during heating of the samples from 5 - 95°C in a nondestructive temperature-controlled thermal scanning rigidity monitor (TSRM). A measurable increase in G and decrease in energy damping were observed at lower temperatures for OEW than for EW. In SEW the measurable rheological transitions occurred at the highest temperature ranges. Failure strength of the cooked products (gels) evaluated using torsion and uniaxial compression tests revealed large differences due to treatments. Micrographs of gels showed apparent structural differences among treatments.
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  • 10
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Oxford, UK : Blackwell Publishing Ltd
    Journal of food science 47 (1982), S. 0 
    ISSN: 1750-3841
    Source: Blackwell Publishing Journal Backfiles 1879-2005
    Topics: Agriculture, Forestry, Horticulture, Fishery, Domestic Science, Nutrition , Process Engineering, Biotechnology, Nutrition Technology
    Notes: Comminuted mixtures of fish muscle (surimi) and salt undergo a sol-gel transformation when subjected to heat processing which is responsible for the textural characteristics of fabricated imitation shellfish meats. Upon “setting” a fish muscle sol at temperatures below those conventionally used for heat processing meat products, a fine translucent gel network is formed which imparts strength and resiliency to the subsequently cooked gel product. Increased firmness and opacity, as well as some loss in cohesiveness, were noted upon processing surimi sols at higher temperatures. The low temperature “setting” property of fish proteins necessitates rapid forming or extrusion of the product prior to the initiation of network formation to insure a firm texture in the final product.
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