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  • 1
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Screening of Tomato Somaclones for Resistance to Bacterial Canker (Clavibacter michiganensis subsp. michiganensis) (1991)
    Oxford, UK : Blackwell Publishing Ltd
    Plant breeding 107 (1991), S. 0 
    Details
    ISSN: 1439-0523
    Source: Blackwell Publishing Journal Backfiles 1879-2005
    Topics: Agriculture, Forestry, Horticulture, Fishery, Domestic Science, Nutrition
    Notes: To facilitate testing large numbers of tomato soma-clones for resistance to bacterial canker, a fast screening procedure was developed. Two inoculation methods were investigated, i.e. excision with an infected scalpel of I) one cotyledon of 2-week-old seedlings, and II) the first true leaf of 3-week-old seedlings, followed by applying a drop of inoculum on the wound. Inoculation by method II discriminated well between populations of partially resistant and susceptible tomato genotypes. A criterion for the selection of single, putatively resistant plants, based on rating scores of the severity of wilting symptoms, was proposed and tested with plants of a Lycopersicon peruvianum accession with a relatively high level of resistance to bacterial canker. Progenies of 279 somaclones, derived from tissue explants of the susceptible tomato cultivar ‘Moneymaker’, were evaluated for resistance. The presence of somaclonal variation for morphological characters in these populations was previously shown. However, no differences were detected between the somaclone population and controls in either mean susceptibility or distribution of plants over disease severity categories. Moreover, plants with major increases in resistance were not detected. These results suggest that the potential of somaclonal variation as a source of resistance to bacterial canker may be limited.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1111/j.1439-0523.1991.tb01206.x
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  • 2
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Fusarium resistance in Gladiolus: Selection in seedling populations (1997)
    Oxford, UK : Blackwell Publishing Ltd
    Plant breeding 116 (1997), S. 0 
    Details
    ISSN: 1439-0523
    Source: Blackwell Publishing Journal Backfiles 1879-2005
    Topics: Agriculture, Forestry, Horticulture, Fishery, Domestic Science, Nutrition
    Notes: A test to select Fusarium resistant seedlings of Gladiolus is described. Seedlings of 37 populations, obtained from an incomplete diallel between eight parents with different levels of Fusarium resistance, were used. Significant differences in Fusarium infection between and within populations were detected. Most of the descendants selected had a resistant G. dalenii genotype as one of the parents. The resistance level of the parents was associated with the general combining ability for Fusarium resistance based on the seedling test. Implications for resistance breeding are discussed.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1111/j.1439-0523.1997.tb00997.x
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  • 3
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Reduced chlamydospore formation and enhanced lysis of chlamydospores ofFusarium oxysporum in soil with added urea or ammonium chloride (1986)
    Springer
    Biology and fertility of soils 2 (1986), S. 1-6 
    Details
    ISSN: 1432-0789
    Keywords: Fusarium oxysporum ; Chlamydospore formation and lysis ; Nitrite and ammonia effects
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Biology , Geosciences , Agriculture, Forestry, Horticulture, Fishery, Domestic Science, Nutrition
    Notes: Summary Addition of 0.1% NH4Cl or 0.1% urea to one of two soils tested had little or no effect in one soil, but resulted in fewer chlamydospores ofFusarium oxysporum present after 6 weeks in the other soil. This was due to reduced formation of chlamydospores and, particularly, to enhanced lysis of chlamydospores. The hypothesis that ammonia was the causal factor was tested. Ammonia evolved from NH4Cl and urea in both soils to the same amount. Since the effects of NH4Cl and urea were different in the two soils, it is concluded that ammonia was not responsible for the reduced number of chlamydospores. Possibly nitrite is involved.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/BF00638954
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  • 4
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Somatic embryogenesis and plant regeneration in Lilium longiflorum Thunb (1997)
    Springer
    Plant cell reports 17 (1997), S. 113-118 
    Details
    ISSN: 1432-203X
    Keywords: Key words Lily ; Flower bulbs ; Somatic embryos ; Dicamba ; Picloram
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Biology
    Notes: Abstract Friable callus was obtained from styles and flower pedicels of Lilium longiflorum Snow Queen and the Oriental lily hybrid Star Gazer on Murashige and Skoog (MS) media containing either 2 µm dicamba or 2 µm picloram. Cell suspension cultures were established by suspending the callus of L. longiflorum Snow Queen in liquid medium containing 2 µm dicamba. Through a purification process, a fine fast-growing cell suspension was obtained. This suspension was composed of a homogenous population of small dense cells, which tended to organise into embryo like structures (ELS). In liquid culture with the auxin dicamba, the ELS underwent continuous callus formation. When transferred to solidified hormone-free MS medium, the ELS germinated, forming complete plantlets. Histological investigation showed that in the ELS both shoot and root meristems were distinctly evident. It was concluded that the ELS obtained were in fact somatic embryos.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/s002990050362
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  • 5
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Somaclonal variation in tomato: effect of explant source and a comparison with chemical mutagenesis (1990)
    Springer
    Theoretical and applied genetics 80 (1990), S. 817-825 
    Details
    ISSN: 1432-2242
    Keywords: Lycopersicon esculentum ; Somaclonal variation ; Chemical mutagenesis ; Mutants ; Polyploidy
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Biology
    Notes: Summary Plants were regenerated from leaf, cotyledon, and hypocotyl explants of tomato cv Moneymaker. Various phenotypic alterations were observed among regenerated plants (R1), but were not transmitted to the progenies, except for ploidy variation. Variation in ploidy level, mainly tetraploidy, occurred in R1 plants and their R2 progenies, and the frequency of polyploid plants depended on the explant source. More than 50% of the regenerants derived from hypocotyl explants were found to be polyploid. A correlation was observed between the percentage of polyploid cells present in the explant material in vivo and the frequency of polyploid plants. Several monogenic mutations were recovered in the R2, four of which were shown to be allelic to known, recessive, single-gene mutants. No significant effect of explant source or duration of tissue culture period on mutant frequency or spectrum was found. For several mutant types that could be scored unambiguously, somaclonal variation was compared to variation induced by treatment of seeds with ethyl methane sulphonate (EMS). The results showed that the mutant frequencies were higher after EMS treatment than those generated through tissue culture. With respect to the mutant spectrum, no clear differences were observed between the spectra obtained after EMS treatment and those after tissue culture. However, tissue culture gave rise to polyploid plants, whereas no ploidy variants occurred after EMS treatment.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/BF00224199
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  • 6
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Fusaric acid: phytotoxicity and in vitro production by Fusarium oxysporum f.sp. lilii, the causal agent of basal rot in lilies (1992)
    Springer
    European journal of plant pathology 98 (1992), S. 107-115 
    Details
    ISSN: 1573-8469
    Keywords: Lilium ; resistance ; in vitro selection ; phytotoxins
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Agriculture, Forestry, Horticulture, Fishery, Domestic Science, Nutrition
    Notes: Abstract The production of phytotoxins byFusarium oxysporum f.sp.lilii, a pathogen causing bulb and scale rot in lilies, was investigated. To determine the toxic activity of culture filtrate, a bioassay with in vitro grown scale bulblets or with callus was set up. The fungus produces toxic components in different culture media. The highest toxicity was observed in Czapek Dox medium. HPLC and GC/MS analyses revealed the presence of fusaric acid at toxic concentrations in this medium. The production of fusaric acid in time coincides with the increase of toxic activity in the culture filtrate. It is concluded that at least part of this toxicity is due to fusaric acid.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/BF01996323
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  • 7
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Durability of resistance in lily to basal rot: evaluation of virulence and aggressiveness among isolates ofFusarium oxysporum f. sp.lilii (1995)
    Springer
    European journal of plant pathology 101 (1995), S. 261-271 
    Details
    ISSN: 1573-8469
    Keywords: bulb disease ; basal rot ; Lilium spp. ; resistance breeding ; scale test ; races
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Agriculture, Forestry, Horticulture, Fishery, Domestic Science, Nutrition
    Notes: Abstract Prospects of durability of resistance in lily to basal rot have been evaluated by testing the virulence and aggressiveness of 31 isolates ofFusarium oxysporum f. sp.lilii towards a number of different resistance sources inLilium spp. Isolates differed strongly in aggressiveness as did species and cultivars ofLilium spp. in resistance. Significant interactions were observed between isolates of the pathogen and genotypes ofLilium spp., but the magnitude was very small compared to the main effects. The interactions were mainly due to a small group of isolates with low aggressiveness. It is argued that the interactions might be based on minor genes. No major break down of the resistance was found. For practical purposes it will be sufficient to use highly aggressive isolates in screening tests.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/BF01874782
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  • 8
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Effect of phytotoxic compounds produced by Clavibacter michiganensis subsp. michiganensis on resistant and susceptible tomato plants (1989)
    Springer
    European journal of plant pathology 95 (1989), S. 107-117 
    Details
    ISSN: 1573-8469
    Keywords: bacterial canker ; Lycopersicon esculentum ; Lycopersicon peruvianum ; virulence ; bioassay ; non-specific toxin
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Agriculture, Forestry, Horticulture, Fishery, Domestic Science, Nutrition
    Description / Table of Contents: Samenvatting Een fytotoxische fractie werd geïsoleerd uit cultuurfiltraat vanClavibacter michiganensis subsp.michiganensis, de veroorzaker van de bacterieverwelkingsziekte bij tomaat. Een eerste karakterisering toonde aan dat deze toxische fractie hoog-moleculaire component(en) bevat, bestaande uit polysacchariden en een gering percentage eiwit. Dit is in overeenstemming met toxines vanC. michiganensis subsp.michiganensis die al eerder beschreven zijn. Deze hoogmoleculaire toxische fractie was in staat verwelking te induceren van stengeltoppen van verschillendeLycopersicon esculentum enL. peruvianum genotypen in een bioassay. Gewichtsverandering van de stengeltoppen, uitgedrukt als percentage ten opzichte van het begingewicht, werd gebruikt als parameter voor verwelking. De toxische fractie reageerde niet-specifiek in de bioassay, want er werd geen verschil gevonden in respons van (partieel) resistente en gevoelige genotypen. Er bleek geen correlatie te zijn tussen de mate van virulentie van verschillende isolaten vanC. michiganensis subsp.michiganensis en de hoeveelheid van de toxische fractie geproduceerd in vitro. Het mogelijke gebruik van deze hoogmoleculaire toxische fractie als selectief agens bij in vitro selectie zal nader onderzocht worden.
    Notes: Abstract A phytotoxic fraction of high molecular weight was isolated from the culture filtrate ofClavibacter michiganensis subsp.michiganensis, the causal agent of bacterial canker of tomato, and partly purified. This high molecular weight fraction consists of sugars and a minor protein moiety and is therefore probably of similar nature to that of the toxin fromC. michiganensis subsp.michiganensis reported earlier in literature. The high molecular weight fraction was albe to induce wilting, the predominant symptom of the disease, as shown in a bioassay with tomato cuttings. However, this wilting reaction turned out to be non-specific in the bioassay, since (partially) resistant and susceptible genotypes responded similarly. No correlation could be found between the degree of virulence of fiveC. michiganensis subsp.michiganensis strains and the amount of the phytotoxic high molecular weight fraction produced in vitro. As the isolated high molecular weight fraction showed a phytotoxic effect on tomato plants it is worthwhile to test its potential for use as a selective agent in in vitro selection.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/BF01997478
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  • 9
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Screening for Fusarium resistance in seedling populations of Asiatic hybrid lily (1994)
    Springer
    Euphytica 78 (1994), S. 43-51 
    Details
    ISSN: 1573-5060
    Keywords: Diallel analysis ; general combining ability ; Fusarium oxysporum f.sp. lilii ; Lilium ; seedling test ; selection response
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Agriculture, Forestry, Horticulture, Fishery, Domestic Science, Nutrition
    Notes: Abstract A test to select Fusarium resistant seedlings of the Asiatic hybrid lily is described. Young seedlings of 28 populations, obtained from an incomplete diallel between eight parents with different levels of Fusarium resistance, were tested for resistance. Significant differences in Fusarium resistance between and within populations were detected. The average percentage of selected seedlings ranged from 34% in resistant × resistant crosses to 2% in susceptible × susceptible crosses. Although resistant descendants were obtained in susceptible × susceptible crosses, using at least one resistant parent produced higher percentages of resistant seedlings. The resistance level of the parents correlated highly with the general combining ability for Fusarium resistance based on the seedling test. For eight populations, seedlings selected for Fusarium resistance and non-tested (control) seedlings of the same cross were compared, after propagation, in a clonal test. Variation between and within populations, found at seedling level, was confirmed at clonal level. A positive selection response was found for all eight populations. In the seedling test, approximately 18% of the seedlings were selected as resistant of which 15% (2.7% of seedlings tested) appeared to be susceptible escapes. Comparison between selection at seedling level and at clonal level indicated that approximately 25% of the seedlings tested were missed (rejected resistant plants) in the seedling test. The practical use of a seedling test for Fusarium resistance in lily breeding programs is discussed.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/BF00021396
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  • 10
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Nitrite as a factor in the decline of Fusarium oxysporum f. sp. dianthi in soil supplemented with urea or ammonium chloride (1986)
    Springer
    European journal of plant pathology 92 (1986), S. 153-162 
    Details
    ISSN: 1573-8469
    Keywords: Ammonia ; Nitrapyrine
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Agriculture, Forestry, Horticulture, Fishery, Domestic Science, Nutrition
    Description / Table of Contents: Samenvatting Toevoeging van 0.1% ureum of 0.1% NH4Cl verminderde de populatie vanF. oxysporum f. sp.dianthi in een van de twee getoetste gronden. Ammoniak lijkt niet verantwoordelijk voor deze afname, aangezien ammoniak in beide gronden gelijkelijk ontwikkelde na toevoeging van ureum of NH4Cl. Toevoeging van Nitrapyrine tesamen met ureum of NH4Cl aan de ‘actieve’ grond verhoogde de concentratie ammoniak in de grond, maar verlaagde het remmend effect. Toevoeging van nitraat in hoeveelheden die overeenkoment met die welke gemeten worden na volledige omzetting van ureum had geen effect op de populatie vanF. oxysporum f. sp.dianthi. Toevoeging van nitriet in hoeveelheden die overeenkomen met die welke gemeten worden na volledige afbraak van ureum verminderde de populatie wel. In vitro remde nitriet de chlamydosporevorming vanF. oxysporum f. sp.dianthi. Toediening van 0.1% ureum aan de grond gaf een 10 tot 100 maal hogere nitrietaccumulatie in de ‘actieve’ gron dan in de ‘niet-actieve’ grond. Daarom wordt de conclusie getrokken, dat nitriet veeleer dan ammoniak verantwoordelijk is voor de vermindering van de populatie vanF. oxysporum f. sp.dianthi in grond waaraan ammoniak-genererende verbindingen zijn toegevoegd.
    Notes: Abstract Addition of 1 g urea or NH4Cl per kg dry soil (0.1%) reduced the population ofFusarium oxysporum f. sp.dianthi in one of two soils tested. Ammonia does not seem to be the responsible factor since it accumulated similarly in both soils upon addition of NH4Cl or urea. Addition of Nitrapyrine in combination with 0.1% urea or NH4Cl increased ammonia concentrations in soil but decreased the population-declining effect. Addition of nitrate in amounts corresponding to those measured after decomposition of urea in soil had no effect on population development. Addition of nitrite in amounts corresponding to those measured during decomposition of urea in soil decreased the population ofF. oxysporum f. sp.dianthi. In vitro, nitrite inhibited chlamydospore formation. Upon addition of 0.1% urea, nitrite accumulated 10 to 100 times more in the susceptible soil than in the not-susceptible soil. It is concluded that nitrite rather then ammonia is responsible for the decline effect of ammonia-generating compounds on populations ofF. oxysporum f. sp.dianthi in soil.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/BF01999797
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