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  • 1
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    New York, NY : Wiley-Blackwell
    Journal of Morphology 146 (1975), S. 197-213 
    ISSN: 0362-2525
    Keywords: Life and Medical Sciences ; Cell & Developmental Biology
    Source: Wiley InterScience Backfile Collection 1832-2000
    Topics: Biology , Medicine
    Notes: Fertilized golden hamster eggs were examined between 6 and 20 hours post-ovulation to determine the events leading to the two-cell stage. Following their migration the pronuclei remain in the central region of the zygote for approximately ten hours. The morphologically, indistinguishable male and female pronuclei remain relatively unchanged during this period, i.e., they do not interdigitate or fuse with one another as described for the zygotes of other organisms. Following this period and at the time of pronuclear breakdown elongate vesicles appear along the nucleoplasmic surface of the pronuclear envelopes. Later the pronuclear envelopes fragment into elongate cisternae; these and the vesicles formed along the inner lamina of the pronuclear envelopes remain closely associated and constitute quadrilaminar structures. The chromosomes which condense prior to and during pronuclear envelope breakdown, migrate to the equatorial plate of the forming cleavage spindle. After cytokinesis the chromosomes in the blastomere nuclei disperse. Increase in the nuclear envelope to accomodate this dispersion may involve the addition of membrane from the quadrilaminar structures.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
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  • 2
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    New York, NY : Wiley-Blackwell
    Gamete Research 5 (1982), S. 181-190 
    ISSN: 0148-7280
    Keywords: fertilization ; sperm ; chromatin ; Life and Medical Sciences ; Cell & Developmental Biology
    Source: Wiley InterScience Backfile Collection 1832-2000
    Topics: Biology
    Notes: Electron microscopic analysis of fertilization in the sea urchin, Strongylocentrotus purpuratus, has been carried out in an effort to establish the sequence of events involving dispersion of the paternal chromatin. Subsequent to loss of the nuclear envelope the condensed sperm chromatin begins to disperse under the influence of egg cytoplasmic factors. However, this process does not proceed at a uniform rate as is observed in other species examined to date. Portions of the paternal genome rapidly transform into dispersed chromatin while other adjacent regions disperse at a reduced rate. This variation in the time sequence of dissociation of the paternally derived chromosomes results in a reticulum of electron lucent and electron dense chromatin within the developing male pronucleus. As the paternally derived chromatin is dispersing and migrating centrad, membranous vesicles of maternal origin become aligned along the peripheral aspect of the chromatin. Deposition of a continuous bilaminar nuclear envelope around the dispersing sperm chromatin results in the formation of the definitive male pronucleus. At the time the male pronucleus is formed the paternally derived chromosomes have not completely dispersed and are visualized as a reticulum of condensed and dispersed chromatin. These results indicate that not all the paternally derived chromatin is modified in the same manner during pronuclear development.
    Additional Material: 5 Ill.
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  • 3
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    New York, NY : Wiley-Blackwell
    Gamete Research 12 (1985), S. 55-64 
    ISSN: 0148-7280
    Keywords: heterochromatin ; sea urchin ; sperm nuclei ; Stronglocentrotus purpuratus ; Life and Medical Sciences ; Cell & Developmental Biology
    Source: Wiley InterScience Backfile Collection 1832-2000
    Topics: Biology
    Notes: Chromatin within swollen or lysed isolated sperm nuclei of the sea urchin, Strongylocentrotus purpuratus, was examined by electron microscopy. Spread preparations of lysed sperm nuclei demonstrated dense aggregates of nondispersed material and beaded filaments radiating from these aggregates. These beaded fibers are similar in size and appearance to the “beads-on-a-string” seen as characteristic of chromatin spreads from numerous interphase nuclei. The beads are nucleosomes that have an average diameter of 130 Å. The interconnecting string is 40 Å indiameter and corresponds to the spacer DNA. In thin sections of swollen nuclei the sperm chromatin appears to be composed of 400 Å superbeads that are closely apposed to form 400 Å fibers. As the chromatin disperses, the superbeads are seen to be attached to one another by chromatin fibers of 110 Å diameter. In thin sections, the 400 Å superbeads appear to disperse directly into the 110 Å fibers with no intervening structures. This work demonstrates that the heterochromatin in Strongylocentrotus purpuratus sperm nuclei is composed of nucleosomes that form 100 Å filaments that are compacted into 400 Å superbeads. The superbeads coalesce to give the morphological appearance of 400 Å fibers.
    Additional Material: 5 Ill.
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  • 4
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    New York, NY : Wiley-Blackwell
    Gamete Research 9 (1984), S. 469-479 
    ISSN: 0148-7280
    Keywords: sperm ; nucleus ; histones ; nuclear matrix ; Life and Medical Sciences ; Cell & Developmental Biology
    Source: Wiley InterScience Backfile Collection 1832-2000
    Topics: Biology
    Notes: The sea urchin sperm nucleus rapidly loses its conoid morphology and becomes more voluminous and spherical upon its entry into the egg cytoplasm during fertilization. This investigation has attempted to determine what are the structural constraints placed upon the sperm nucleus, so that further investigations might determine the egg cytoplasmic factors that are responsible for modifying nuclear morphology. Isolated sperm nuclei were subjected to various extraction procedures in order to remove the majority of the proteins (histones) and also the DNA; subsequently, the residual structures were processed for and examined by electron microscopy. The data presented in this investigation demonstrate the removal of the sperm nuclear histones plus other nonhistone proteins has no effect on the conoid morphology of the sperm nucleus, yet this protein removal has a profound effect on the structure of the nuclear chromatin. It is also shown that removal of the majority of the nuclear DNA has no effect on the shape of the sperm nucleus. These results indicate that there are other components (possibly a nuclear matrix) associated with the sperm nucleus that are responsible for maintaining its conoid morphology.
    Additional Material: 4 Ill.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
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