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  • 1
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Effect of rare-earth metals on cold brittleness and temper brittleness of structural steels (1977)
    Springer
    Metal science and heat treatment 19 (1977), S. 1003-1008 
    Details
    ISSN: 1573-8973
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Mechanical Engineering, Materials Science, Production Engineering, Mining and Metallurgy, Traffic Engineering, Precision Mechanics
    Notes: Conclusion 1. Small additions of REM (0.1–0.15%) to structural steels have no essential effect on the ductile-brittle transition temperature after quenching and tempering or embrittling treatment. 2. Alloying of structural steels with large quantities of REM (0.4–0.65%) shifts the ductile-brittle transition temperature to lower temperatures and practically eliminates susceptibility to reversible temper brittleness. 3. REM does not enter into the solid solution and does not enrich the grain boundaries but is found only in nonmetallic inclusions. 4. The main reason for the substantial reduction of the ductile-brittle transition temperature of steels alloyed with REM is that REM combines harmful impurities (phosphorus and its analogues) in nonmetallic inclusions.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/BF00670237
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  • 2
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Effect of rare-earth metals on the composition of nonmetallic inclusions and the heat resistance of austenitic steel (1979)
    Springer
    Metal science and heat treatment 21 (1979), S. 374-377 
    Details
    ISSN: 1573-8973
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Mechanical Engineering, Materials Science, Production Engineering, Mining and Metallurgy, Traffic Engineering, Precision Mechanics
    Notes: Conclusions 1. REM have a large effect on the quantity, dispersity, and composition of nonmetallic inclusions and also on the heat resistance of Cr−Ni austenitic steel. 2. With the addition of up to 0.1% REM the total quantity of nonmetallic inclusions changes little, with replacement of the usual sulfides and oxide inclusions by REM sulfides and oxides. Larger amounts of REM lead to a substantial increase in the number of nonmetallic inclusions of another type consisting of REM, phosphorus, and nonferrous impurities. The concentration of sulfur in these inclusions is much smaller than in REM oxysulfides. 3. REM increase the ductility of the steel in long-term tests. With increasing amounts of REM the time to failure first increases considerably, reaching a peak with 0.1% REM, and then decreases to the original value. The creep rate changes little with up to 0.1% REM and then increases sharply, in conformity with the larger quantity of nonmetallic inclusions in the steel.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/BF00780778
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  • 3
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Interactions between REM and harmful impurities in Cr-Ni steels (1980)
    Springer
    Metal science and heat treatment 22 (1980), S. 715-720 
    Details
    ISSN: 1573-8973
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Mechanical Engineering, Materials Science, Production Engineering, Mining and Metallurgy, Traffic Engineering, Precision Mechanics
    Notes: Conclusions 1. The small additions (up to 0.15%) of REM to commercial steels with harmful impurities interact only with oxygen and sulfur (and also selenium if it is present). 2. At elevated concentrations (tenths of a percent) the REM may form compounds not only with oxygen and sulfur but also with phosphorus, arsenic, antimony, lead, bismuth, tin, copper, nickel, and iron. The possibility of a particular compound being formed and the quantity depend on the concentrations of REM, harmful impurities, and the basic elements of the metal. 3. The activity of REM with respect to elements entering into the composition of the steel or alloy agrees with the position of the element in the periodic table and diminishes in the following order: groups VIB, VB, IVB, IIIB, IB, VIII.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/BF00700563
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  • 4
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Effect of thermal cycling on intracrystalline heterogeneity and the structure of Cu+11% Sn (1983)
    Springer
    Metal science and heat treatment 25 (1983), S. 231-234 
    Details
    ISSN: 1573-8973
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Mechanical Engineering, Materials Science, Production Engineering, Mining and Metallurgy, Traffic Engineering, Precision Mechanics
    Notes: Conclusions 1. Thermal cycling in the temperature range of the eutectoid transformation in the Cu+11% Sn alloy induces plastic deformation, recrystallization, and accelerated mass transfer. 2. TCT first leads to elimination of intercrystalline and phase heterogeneity and then to recovery (reversal). These changes in the alloy are accompanied by a change in the type of growth, size, and structure of the fcc mother phase and eutectoid. 3. Thermal cycling in the range of 750⇆500° leads to texture of the 〈100〉 type in the α solid solution.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/BF00805982
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  • 5
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Nonmetallic inclusions in low-carbon structural steel with titanium and cerium (1983)
    Springer
    Metal science and heat treatment 25 (1983), S. 460-463 
    Details
    ISSN: 1573-8973
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Mechanical Engineering, Materials Science, Production Engineering, Mining and Metallurgy, Traffic Engineering, Precision Mechanics
    Notes: Conclusions 1. Additions of titanium (0.02–0.05%) to low-carbon structural steel of the 15KhML type lead to a reduction of the fracture toughness by an average of 0.5 MJ/m2. This results from the formation of lamellar Ti(C, N) and manganese sulfide stringers. 2. Adding 0.06–0.08% Ce and raising the austenitizing temperature have positive effects on the fracture toughness of the steel containing titanium. Cerium promotes globularization of the sulfide phase, although it does not suppress the formation of Ti (C, N).
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/BF00802314
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  • 6
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Mechanism of formation and properties of aluminum coatings on high-temperature strength nickel alloys (1985)
    Springer
    Metal science and heat treatment 27 (1985), S. 24-28 
    Details
    ISSN: 1573-8973
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Mechanical Engineering, Materials Science, Production Engineering, Mining and Metallurgy, Traffic Engineering, Precision Mechanics
    Notes: Conclusions 1. The aluminum content, the thickness, the structure, and the composition of aluminum coatings obtained by the circulation method are determined to a significant degree by the activity of the impregnation process. 2. As the result of regulation of the activity of the process, coatings with different properties may be obtained on the same material with the same temperatures and pressure. Consequently, the activity of the aluminizing process is an important technical parameter which must be selected based on the composition of the alloy and the requirements for its service properties. 3. Despite the somewhat lower heat resistance under isothermal conditions, for operation in nonisothermal creep under nonsteady conditions coatings with 24–28 wt.% Al in the NiAl β-phase formed according to the relatively inactive mechanism are preferable.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/BF00741883
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  • 7
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Structural transformations in heating of KhN62MKVBTYu cast high-temperature strength nickel alloy (1985)
    Springer
    Metal science and heat treatment 27 (1985), S. 746-749 
    Details
    ISSN: 1573-8973
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Mechanical Engineering, Materials Science, Production Engineering, Mining and Metallurgy, Traffic Engineering, Precision Mechanics
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/BF00699523
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