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  • 1
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    [S.l.] : American Institute of Physics (AIP)
    Physics of Plasmas 9 (2002), S. 1287-1299 
    ISSN: 1089-7674
    Source: AIP Digital Archive
    Topics: Physics
    Notes: Multi-fluid two-dimensional transport models such as the UEDGE code model [T. D. Rognlien et al., J. Nucl. Mater. 196–198, 34 (1992)] are widely used in the simulation of tokamak edge plasmas. Usually these models are based on the assumption of anomalous plasma diffusion in the direction perpendicular to magnetic field lines. As will be shown, the pure diffusive cross-field transport model is inadequate and fails to match properly plasma parameters measured both in the scrape-off layer (SOL) and in the divertor of the DIII-D tokamak. Recently it has been suggested that specific nondiffusive transport occurs in the edge plasma [S. I. Krasheninnikov, Phys. Lett. A 283, 368 (2001)]. The nondiffusive transport is incorporated to the UEDGE model by adding the anomalous cross-field convective velocity for plasma species and by prescribing a specific two-dimensional profile to this velocity. A series of highly radiative discharges obtained on the DIII-D tokamak is analyzed using the UEDGE code with the hybrid, convective and diffusive, cross-field transport model. For these discharges, anomalous convective velocity profiles are adjusted until the simulated radial profiles agree with measurements in the SOL and in the divertor. It is found that in order to reproduce most of the extensive experimental data, anomalous plasma convection should play the dominant role in the outboard edge-plasma region. © 2002 American Institute of Physics.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
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  • 2
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    [S.l.] : American Institute of Physics (AIP)
    Physics of Plasmas 8 (2001), S. 3356-3357 
    ISSN: 1089-7674
    Source: AIP Digital Archive
    Topics: Physics
    Notes: Separable solutions of finite plasma pressure equilibrium in a point multipole are found. Using the energy principle it is demonstrated that these solutions are interchange stable for quadripole and sextipole configurations. The low and high pressure forms of the solution in sextipole configuration are explicitly displayed. © 2001 American Institute of Physics.
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  • 3
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    [S.l.] : American Institute of Physics (AIP)
    Physics of Plasmas 7 (2000), S. 2526-2529 
    ISSN: 1089-7674
    Source: AIP Digital Archive
    Topics: Physics
    Notes: The energy principle is employed to show that the equilibrium confined by the magnetic field of a point dipole is stable to ballooning modes. © 2000 American Institute of Physics.
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  • 4
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    [S.l.] : American Institute of Physics (AIP)
    Physics of Plasmas 6 (1999), S. 3239-3246 
    ISSN: 1089-7674
    Source: AIP Digital Archive
    Topics: Physics
    Notes: The physics of the neutral atoms is incorporated into a generalized description of edge instabilities in tokamaks and plasmas with a small neutral fraction. The description includes ideal and resistive ballooning modes; modes driven by a radial electron temperature gradient when the plasma is in contact with conducting material surfaces such as limitors or divertor target plates, the destabilizing effect of the parallel variation in the E×B drift frequency, and effects due to the flow of the neutral gas. The analysis considers the neutral dynamics in both the short and long neutral mean-free path limits (relative to the wavelength of the instability), since the perturbed ion–neutral coupling depends on collisionality. Moreover, parallel and cross-field variations in the equilibrium temperatures, densities, and potential are retained as well as the corresponding diamagnetic effects. In the short neutral mean-free path limit, the ion and neutral viscosities and heat fluxes must be retained, while in the long neutral mean-free path limit the neutrals are not perturbed, but the ion viscosity and heat flux must still be considered. The possible destabilizing impact of the new heat flux and viscous terms on stability is demonstrated. © 1999 American Institute of Physics.
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  • 5
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    [S.l.] : American Institute of Physics (AIP)
    Physics of Plasmas 3 (1996), S. 1634-1639 
    ISSN: 1089-7674
    Source: AIP Digital Archive
    Topics: Physics
    Notes: Fluid descriptions are not adequate for edge plasma studies when the high collision frequency assumption fails in the presence of rapid transient processes. The results of analytic and numerical modeling of some of the non-Maxwellian features of edge plasma transport associated with transient heating and cooling phenomena in the scrape-off layer are presented. It is found that kinetic effects alter the heat conduction coefficient and lead to interesting critical behavior of the distribution function. The numerics are performed with the recently developed time-dependent Fokker–Planck code ALLA. © 1996 American Institute of Physics.
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  • 6
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    [S.l.] : American Institute of Physics (AIP)
    Physics of Plasmas 3 (1996), S. 1308-1313 
    ISSN: 1089-7674
    Source: AIP Digital Archive
    Topics: Physics
    Notes: The role of edge turbulence in detached divertor plasmas is investigated. It is shown that the edge turbulence, through poloidal transport of parallel momentum, can produce a significant plasma pressure drop along the magnetic field lines toward the divertor plate, a feature that characterizes the detached divertor plasma regime. © 1996 American Institute of Physics.
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  • 7
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    [S.l.] : American Institute of Physics (AIP)
    Physics of Plasmas 2 (1995), S. 2717-2728 
    ISSN: 1089-7674
    Source: AIP Digital Archive
    Topics: Physics
    Notes: Models to investigate the main features of plasma–neutral interactions in the recycling region of a tokamak divertor are developed for the two opposite extremes of fluid and Knudsen neutrals. Both neutral models show that a reduction of the heat flux into the hydrogen recycling region below a critical value leads to bifurcation (or rapid change) of the plasma parameters near the target. This bifurcation causes behavior in the scrape-off layer, which is in agreement with the following main features of detached divertor regimes in current tokamak experiments: (i) strong decrease of the plasma temperature near the target, (ii) plasma pressure drop in the recycling region, and (iii) strong decrease of the target heat load and plasma flux onto the target. It is also shown that in the Knudsen limit, the neutral density in the divertor region cannot exceed a maximum density, which is of the order of 1–2×1013 cm−3 for current experiments. © 1995 American Institute of Physics.
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  • 8
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    [S.l.] : American Institute of Physics (AIP)
    Physics of Plasmas 2 (1995), S. 3769-3776 
    ISSN: 1089-7674
    Source: AIP Digital Archive
    Topics: Physics
    Notes: In order to reduce the heat flux entering the divertor, it is desirable to have strong impurity radiation in the scrape-off layer (SOL) of reactor-size tokamaks like the International Thermonuclear Experimental Reactor [International Thermonuclear Experimental Reactor (ITER) Conceptual Design Activity Final Report, ITER Documentation Series No. 16 (International Atomic Energy Agency, Vienna, 1991)]. Under such circumstances, however, the SOL plasma is likely to be unstable to the radiative condensation instability. In the present paper, an investigation is undertaken to study the effects of edge-localized mode (ELM) activity on this instability. In the linear regime, it is demonstrated that high-frequency ("grassy'') ELM's may parametrically excite acoustic waves. The possibility of nonlinear radiative collapse with concomitant stratification of the plasma is discussed, and solutions describing nonlinear traveling waves are derived in which the plasma goes over from equilibrium state to another. © 1995 American Institute of Physics.
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  • 9
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    [S.l.] : American Institute of Physics (AIP)
    Physics of Plasmas 1 (1994), S. 3174-3180 
    ISSN: 1089-7674
    Source: AIP Digital Archive
    Topics: Physics
    Notes: Transport coefficients and fluid equations in the limit of short mean free path are derived for a partially ionized plasma undergoing charge exchange, ionization, and recombination. The electron distribution is assumed to be unaffected by these processes and by collisions with neutral particles, and collisions among the neutrals are neglected. The calculated heat flux and viscosity contain terms purely related to charge exchange, and terms proportional to their usual counterparts in a completely ionized plasma with an additional proportionality factor equal to the inverse square of the fraction of ions in the plasma. The reason for this latter behavior is that charge exchange does not randomize particle trajectories, so that heavy particles suffer an "identity crisis'' by existing alternately as neutrals and ions. The use of a closer approximation to the charge-exchange cross section than previously employed gives rise to new terms in the neutral momentum and energy equations, representing the thermal force and the diffusion thermoeffect. The latter contributes significantly to the total heat flux in the plasma.
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  • 10
    ISSN: 1089-7674
    Source: AIP Digital Archive
    Topics: Physics
    Notes: Intermittent plasma objects (IPOs) featuring higher pressure than the surrounding plasma, and responsible for ∼50% of the E×BT radial transport, are observed in the scrape off layer (SOL) and edge of the DIII-D tokamak [J. Watkins et al., Rev. Sci. Instrum. 63, 4728 (1992)]. Conditional averaging reveals that the IPOs, produced at a rate of ∼3×103 s−1, are positively charged and also polarized, featuring poloidal electric fields of up to 4000 V/m. The IPOs move poloidally at speeds of up to 5000 m/s and radially with E×BT/B2 velocities of ∼2600 m/s near the last closed flux surface (LCFS), and ∼330 m/s near the wall. The IPOs slow down as they shrink in radial size from 4 cm at the LCFS to 0.5 cm near the wall. The IPOs appear in the SOL of both L and H mode discharges and are responsible for nearly 50% of the SOL radial E×B transport at all radii; however, they are highly reduced in absolute amplitude in H-mode conditions. © 2001 American Institute of Physics.
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