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  • 1
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Thermal properties of composites with bismaleimide-vinyl poly(styrylpyridine) blends (1988)
    Brookfield, Conn. : Wiley-Blackwell
    Polymer Composites 9 (1988), S. 172-183 
    Details
    ISSN: 0272-8397
    Keywords: Chemistry ; Chemical Engineering
    Source: Wiley InterScience Backfile Collection 1832-2000
    Topics: Mechanical Engineering, Materials Science, Production Engineering, Mining and Metallurgy, Traffic Engineering, Precision Mechanics
    Notes: Flammability, thermal properties, and selected mechanical properties of composites fabricated with epoxy and other thermally stable resin matrices are described. Properties measured included limiting-oxygen index, smoke evolution, thermal degradation products, total-heat release, heat-release rates, mass loss, flame spread, ignition resistance, thermogravimetric analysis, and selected mechanical properties. This paper describes the properties of eight different graphite composite panels fabricated using four different resin matrices and two types of graphite reinforcement. The resin matrices included: XU71775/H795, a blend of vinyl poly(styrylpyridine) and bismaleimide; H795, a bismaleimide; Cycom 6162, a phenolic; and PSP 6022M, a poly(styrylpyridine). The graphite fiber used was AS-4 in the form of either tape or fabric. The properties of these composites were compared with those of epoxy composites. It was determined that the blend of vinyl poly(styrylpyridine) and bismaleimide (XU71775/H795) with the graphite tape was the optimum design giving the lowest heat release rate.
    Additional Material: 16 Ill.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1002/pc.750090303
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    Paper (German National Licenses)
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  • 2
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Interlaminar shear properties of graphite fiber, high-performance resin compositesPresented in part at Symposium on Interfacial Interactions and Properties of Composites, Division of Organic Coating and Plastics Chemistry, American Chemical Society, Las Vegas, March 1982. (1983)
    Brookfield, Conn. : Wiley-Blackwell
    Polymer Composites 4 (1983), S. 98-103 
    Details
    ISSN: 0272-8397
    Keywords: Chemistry ; Chemical Engineering
    Source: Wiley InterScience Backfile Collection 1832-2000
    Topics: Mechanical Engineering, Materials Science, Production Engineering, Mining and Metallurgy, Traffic Engineering, Precision Mechanics
    Notes: Shear properties of laminates consisting of graphite fiber (Celion 6000, Celion 3000, and T-300) and several resins (epoxy, hot melt-bismaleimide, solvent bismaleimide, polyimide, and polystyrylpyridine (PSP)) were measured using the short-beam test. The interlaminar shear strength of epoxy composites was hightest. All other resin composites showed considerably lower shear properties. The shear strengths deereased with temperature, with the loss up to 100°C being more pronounced. The PSP composites did not show a loss in strength in the temperature range investigated (room temperature to 250°C). Boiling the composite samples in water for 24 h resuled in negligible reduction in shear strength in all cases. The interlaminar shear properties depended on the fiberresin interfacial bond, the wetting characteristics of the resin, and the resin meechanical properties. Attempts were made to determine to what extent each of these factors controlled the shear properties of the composites studies. Thus, the interfacial bond between the resin and the single fiber was determined. Results showed that the lower shear strength of polyimide, bisimides and PSP composites, as compared to epoxy resin composites, seemed to be due to their corresponding low interfacial bond strengths. The subsequent decrease in shear strength with temperature appeared to be directly correlated to the decrease in bond strength. The wettability of carbon fiber tow with all these resins was also determined. The small variations in wetting characteristics of the resin did not seem to justify the rather large differences in shear-strength properties observed.
    Additional Material: 5 Ill.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1002/pc.750040204
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  • 3
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Polyfunctional epoxies: Part I. rubber-toughened brominated and nonbrominated formulations for graphite composites (1985)
    Brookfield, Conn. : Wiley-Blackwell
    Polymer Composites 6 (1985), S. 65-71 
    Details
    ISSN: 0272-8397
    Keywords: Chemistry ; Chemical Engineering
    Source: Wiley InterScience Backfile Collection 1832-2000
    Topics: Mechanical Engineering, Materials Science, Production Engineering, Mining and Metallurgy, Traffic Engineering, Precision Mechanics
    Notes: A new trifunctional epoxy resin, Tris-(hydroxyphenyl)methane triglycidyl ether, was compared to a state-of-the-art resin, 4,4′-diaminodiphenyl methane (TGDDM), in graphite composites. Rubber-toughened brominated and nonbrominated formulations were compared for their mechanical performance, environmental stability, thermochemical behavior, and flame retardancy. It was found that the new resin performs almost the same way as the TGDDM does, but has some improved properties. The fracture toughness of the various formulations was studied carefully and the overall performance of the new resin is discussed.
    Additional Material: 15 Ill.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1002/pc.750060202
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  • 4
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Polyfunctional epoxies: Part II. Nonrubber versus rubber-toughened brominated formulations for graphite composites (1985)
    Brookfield, Conn. : Wiley-Blackwell
    Polymer Composites 6 (1985), S. 72-81 
    Details
    ISSN: 0272-8397
    Keywords: Chemistry ; Chemical Engineering
    Source: Wiley InterScience Backfile Collection 1832-2000
    Topics: Mechanical Engineering, Materials Science, Production Engineering, Mining and Metallurgy, Traffic Engineering, Precision Mechanics
    Notes: Initial screening of carboxy-terminated butadiene acrylonitrile (CTBN) rubber-toughened brominated formulations for graphite composites has been reported previously. This study is a further investigation, focusing on the performance of the brominated polymeric additives as a potential flexibilizing agent for graphite composites, using different molecular weights of the Br source. Increasing segment lengths of the polymeric backbone chain of brominated polymeric additives (BPA) are examined in a new development, trifunctional epoxy resin and is compared with a 10 percent rubber-toughened formulation of the same epoxy resin. Results show that when the Br content in the graphite composite was increased without the use of rubber, the mechanical properties improved. Mechanical and other properties of the graphite composites are discussed.
    Additional Material: 14 Ill.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1002/pc.750060203
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  • 5
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    Polyfunctional epoxies. I - Rubber-toughened brominated and nonbrominated formulations for graphite composites. II - Nonrubber versus rubber-toughened brominated formulations for graphite composites (1985)
    In:  Other Sources
    Details
    Publication Date: 2011-08-19
    Description: A new trifunctional epoxy resin, Tris-(hydroxyphenyl) methane triglycidyl ether, is compared to a state-of-the-art tetraglycidyl 4,4'-diaminodiphenyl methane (TGDDM), in graphite composites. Rubber-toughened brominated formulations of the epoxy resin are compared to nonbrominated ones in terms of their mechanical performance, environmental stability, thermochemical behavior, and flame retardancy. It is shown that the new resin performs almost the same way as the TGDDM does, but has improved glass transition temperature and environmental properties. Brominated polymeric additives (BPA) of different molecular weights are tested as a Br source to flame retardant graphite epoxy composites. The optimal molecular weight of the BPA and its polymeric backbone length are derived and compared with a 10 percent rubber-toughened formulation of the epoxy resin. Results indicate that when the Br content in the graphite composite is increased without the use of rubber, the mechanical properties improved. The use of BPAs as tougheners for graphite composites is also considered.
    Keywords: COMPOSITE MATERIALS
    Type: Polymer Composites (ISSN 0272-8397); 6; 65-81
    Format: text
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  • 6
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    Thermochemical characterization of some thermoplastic materials (1977)
    In:  Other Sources
    Details
    Publication Date: 2011-08-17
    Description: The thermochemical and flammability characteristics of some typical thermoplastic materials currently in use or being considered for use in aircraft interiors are described. The properties studied included thermomechanical properties such as glass-transition and melt temperature, changes in polymer enthalpy, thermogravimetric analysis in anerobic and oxidative environments, oxygen index, smoke evolution, relative toxicity of the volatile products of pyrolysis, and selected physical properties. The generic polymers evaluated included acrylonitrile butadiene styrene, bisphenol A polycarbonate, 9,9 bis (4-hydroxyphenyl) fluorene polycarbonate-poly (dimethylsiloxane) block polymer, phenolphthalein-bisphenol A polycarbonate, phenolphthalein polycarbonate, polyether sulfone, polyphenylene oxide, polyphenylene sulfide, polyaryl sulfone, chlorinated polyvinyl chloride homopolymer, polyvinyl fluoride, and polyvinylidene fluoride. Processing parameters, including molding characteristics of some of the advanced polymers, are described. Test results and relative rankings of some of the flammability, smoke, and toxicity properties are presented. Under these test conditions, some of the advanced polymers evaluated were significantly less flammable and toxic than or equivalent to polymers in current use.
    Keywords: NONMETALLIC MATERIALS
    Type: Journal of Fire and Flammability; 8; Jan. 197
    Format: text
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    NASA TECHNICAL REPORTS
  • 7
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    Effect of processing variables on the thermophysical properties of polybenzimidazole foams (1975)
    In:  Other Sources
    Details
    Publication Date: 2011-08-16
    Description: The relationships are described among prepolymer purity, processing parameters, and additives to the thermophysical and chemical properties of polybenzimidazole foams in the density range from 24 to 80 kg/cu m. Foam properties are shown to be affected by differences in prepolymer purity, curing schedule, and the presence of additives in the foam. High-temperature compressive properties were improved by postcuring at 527 C. Surfactant additives were found to improve uniformity of cell size. Foams were characterized according to high-temperature mechanical properties, density, porosity, thermal diffusivity, thermal conductivity, and specific heat.
    Keywords: NONMETALLIC MATERIALS
    Type: Polymer Engineering and Science; 15; June 197
    Format: text
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    NASA TECHNICAL REPORTS
  • 8
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    Fire dynamics of modern aircraft from a materials point of view (1975)
    In:  Other Sources
    Details
    Publication Date: 2011-08-16
    Description: A general approach for selecting polymers to increase fire safety in aircraft is described. It is shown that polymer flammability and thermal protection capability are related to the molecular structure of the polymer and its thermochemical properties. These criteria are used to develop advanced fire-resistant materials that can achieve increased survivability in both post-crash and in-flight fires. The degree of fire hardening of materials depends greatly on the available heat load and fire threat present. It is shown that improvements in fire safety can be achieved by the use of polymers possessing certain basic thermochemical parameters such as high char yield.
    Keywords: AIR TRANSPORTATION AND SAFETY
    Type: Journal of Fire and Flammability; 6; Oct. 197
    Format: text
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    NASA TECHNICAL REPORTS
  • 9
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    Processing and flammability parameters of bismaleimide and some other thermally stable resin matrices for composites (1984)
    In:  Other Sources
    Details
    Publication Date: 2011-08-18
    Description: The effect of processing variables on the flammability and mechanical properties of state-of-the-art and advanced resin matrices for graphite composites were studied. Resin matrices which were evaluated included state-of-the-art epoxy, phenolic-novolac, phenolic-Xylok, two types of bismaleimides, benzyl, polyethersulfone, and polyphenylsulfone. Comparable flammability and thermochemical data on graphite-reinforced laminates prepared with these resin matrices are presented, and the relationship of some of these properties to the anaerobic char yield of the resins is described.
    Keywords: COMPOSITE MATERIALS
    Type: Polymer Composites (ISSN 0272-8397); 5; 143-150
    Format: text
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    NASA TECHNICAL REPORTS
  • 10
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    Test methodology for evaluation of fireworthy aircraft seat cushions (1982)
    In:  Other Sources
    Details
    Publication Date: 2011-08-18
    Description: Aircraft seat materials were evaluated in terms of their thermal performance. The materials were evaluated using (a) thermogravimetric analysis, (b) differential scanning calorimetry, (c) a modified NBS smoke chamber to determine the rate of mass loss and (d) the NASA T-3 apparatus to determine the thermal efficiency. In this paper, the modified NBS smoke chamber will be described in detail since it provided the most conclusive results. The NBS smoke chamber was modified to measure the weight loss of materials when exposed to a radiant heat source over the range of 2.5 to 7.5 W/cm sq. This chamber has been utilized to evaluate the thermal performance of various heat blocking layers utilized to protect the polyurethane cushioning foam used in aircraft seats. Various kinds of heat blocking layers were evaluated by monitoring the weight loss of miniature seat cushions when exposed to the radiant heat. The effectiveness of aluminized heat blocking systems was demonstrated when compared to conventional heat blocking layers such as neoprene. All heat blocking systems showed good fire protection capabilities when compared to the state-of-the-art, i.e., wool-nylon over polyurethane foam.
    Keywords: NONMETALLIC MATERIALS
    Type: Journal of Fire and Flammability; 13; Jan. 198
    Format: text
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    NASA TECHNICAL REPORTS
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