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  • 1
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Amsterdam : Elsevier
    Nuclear Inst. and Methods in Physics Research, B 88 (1994), S. 244-246 
    ISSN: 0168-583X
    Source: Elsevier Journal Backfiles on ScienceDirect 1907 - 2002
    Topics: Physics
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
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  • 2
    ISSN: 0169-4332
    Source: Elsevier Journal Backfiles on ScienceDirect 1907 - 2002
    Topics: Physics
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
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  • 3
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Springer
    Meteorology and atmospheric physics 4 (1951), S. 203-219 
    ISSN: 1436-5065
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Geography , Physics
    Description / Table of Contents: Summary Photographs of dust-devils at streams of lava and of cloud tornadoes at volcanic clouds show clearly that the tornadoes (like other cloud tornadoes of fire clouds) are formed by eddying warm air. The smallest phenomena are formed by perturbations of the field of flow through buildings, the normal cloud toradoes by the conditions of current at the right limb of squalls, and the American tornadoes by combination of the whirls of the rotation of the earth. The formation of a tornado can be released by lateral inflow of exceptionally warm or moist air at ground level or of colder air in the altitude, in the last case an intercepting layer is just being removed. The formation of the cloud pedestal can be explained by an afflux of moist air, but also by diminishing pressue on its cross section. A formula is given for the minimum diminution of pressure in the tornadoes, which is of about 50 mb in Europe; but the lowering of pressure in big tornadoes can be double this amount. The greatest difficulty in explaining the tornadoes is: which conditions compress so strongly in space the field of current as compared to the cumulus current? From the author's conception it is the inertia of the air which is collapsing towards the centre.
    Abstract: Résumé Les photographies de trombes de poussière sur les coulées de lave ainsi que celles des trombes sous les nuages volcaniques montrent indiscutablement que les trombes (comme celles qui s'obseervent sous les nuages d'incendie) sont causées par de l'air chaud qui s'élève en tourbillonnant. Les plus petits phénomènes de ce genre sont dûs aux perturbations apportées au champ de courant par les édifices; les trombes ordinaires ont pour origine les conditions de circulation de l'air au bord droit du grain, et la tornade d'Amérique résulte de la concentration de tourbillons de la rotation terrestre. La formation des trombes peut être déclanchée par un apport latéral d'air particulièement chaud ou humide au niveau du sol ou par apport d'air plus froid en altitude; dans ce dernier cas il y a destruction d'une couche de barrage. On peut expliquer la formation du pied nuageux par afflux d'air plus humide, mais aussi par baisse de pression dans sa section. On établit une formule indiquant la diminution minima de la pression dans les trombes qui donne pour l'Europe environ 50 mb.; mais dans la tornade la baisse peut être plus que doublée. La plus grande difficulté que l'on rencontre pour expliquer les trombes est de savoir pourquoi le champ de courant se resserre si fortement par rapport au courant normal du cumulus. D'après l'auteur cela est dû à l'inertie de l'air qui s'étroule vers le centre.
    Notes: Zusammenfassung Die Aufnahmen von Staubtromben an den Lavazungen und von Wolkentromben an der Vulkanwolke zeigen eindeutig, daß die Tromben (wie andere Wolkentromben aus Feuerwolken) durch aufstrudelnde Warmluft erzeugt werden. Die kleinsträumigen Erscheinungen werden durch die Gebäudestörung des Stromfeldes erzeugt, die normalen Wolkentromben durch die Strömungsverhältnisse am rechten Böenrand, die Tornados Amerikas durch Sammlung der Wirbel der Erdrotation. Die Auslösung der Trombenbildung kann durch seitlichen Zufluß von besonders warmer oder besonders feuchter Luft am Boden oder von kälterer Luft in der Höhe erfolgen, wobei im letzten Falle eine Sperrschicht gerade weggeräumt wird. Die Bildung der Wolkensockel kann durch zufließende feuchtere Luft, aber auch durch eine Durckerniedrigung auf ihrem Querschnitt erklärt werden. Für die Mindestdruckerniedrigung in den Tromben wird eine Formel angegeben, die für Europa etwa 50 mb ergibt, doch kann in den Tornados eine mehr als doppelt so große Druckeriedrigung erreicht werden. Die größte Schwierigkeit in der Erklärung der Tromben bietet die Frage, durch welche Bedingung das Stromfeld gegenüber der normalen Cumulusströmung räumlich so stark eingeengt wird. Nach Auffassung des Verfassers ist es die Trägheit der nach der Mitte hin zusammenstürzenden Luft.
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  • 4
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Springer
    Meteorology and atmospheric physics 7 (1954), S. 67-79 
    ISSN: 1436-5065
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Geography , Physics
    Description / Table of Contents: Summary If equidistand and rectilinear isobars, both normal and disturbing, are given, direction and distance of the resulting disturbed isobars can be calculated. Two refraction theorems are deduced for both positive and negative fields of disturbance.
    Abstract: Résumé Si l'on se donne des isobares normales et des isobares perturbatrices, toutes deux équidistantes et rectilignes, on peut calculer la direction et l'écartement des isobares perturbées. On établit ici deux théorèmes relatifs aux champs perturbateurs positifs et négatifs.
    Notes: Zusammenfassung Werden äquidistante, geredlinige Grund- und Störisobaren vorgegeben, so lassen sich die gestörten Endisobaren in Richtung und Abstand berechnen. Für positive und negative Störfelder werden zweiBrechungssätze hergeleitet.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
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  • 5
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Springer
    Naturwissenschaften 25 (1937), S. 657-664 
    ISSN: 1432-1904
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Biology , Chemistry and Pharmacology , Natural Sciences in General
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
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  • 6
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Springer
    Naturwissenschaften 27 (1939), S. 113-122 
    ISSN: 1432-1904
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Biology , Chemistry and Pharmacology , Natural Sciences in General
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
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  • 7
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Springer
    Fresenius' Zeitschrift für analytische Chemie 329 (1987), S. 240-241 
    ISSN: 1618-2650
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Chemistry and Pharmacology
    Notes: Summary A classical SIMS/ISS system was developed operating in the keV primary energy range and using a quadrupole mass spectrometer. LiNbO3 samples of different proveniences were examined. Results are reported of a sample containing different impurities which allow an estimate of the sensitivity of the SIMS system for these impurities.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
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  • 8
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Springer
    Fresenius' Zeitschrift für analytische Chemie 333 (1989), S. 426-427 
    ISSN: 1618-2650
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Chemistry and Pharmacology
    Notes: Summary Constant quality of photographic paper is significantly depending on constant composition of the pulp. While this can be supervised by chemical investigations, secondary ion mass spectrometry (SIMS) is the method of choice for detection of composition changes in the final product. Several samples of photographic paper were analyzed using 6 keV Ar+.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
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  • 9
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Springer
    Fresenius' Zeitschrift für analytische Chemie 333 (1989), S. 485-487 
    ISSN: 1618-2650
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Chemistry and Pharmacology
    Notes: Summary In order to increase the refractive indices of LiNbO3 just beneath the surface, i.e. to produce waveguides, titanium was incorporated into y-cut substrates by two different methods: Evaporated Ti layers were either diffused at 1000°C or mixed into the substrate with a 3 MeV Ti+ beam. Radiation damage caused by ion beam mixing was removed by epitaxial regrowth. The resulting Ti concentration profiles were investigated by means of secondary ion mass spectrometry. The diffused profiles could be fitted by half Gaussians with a diffusion constant ofD = 5.25 × 10−17 m2/s at 1000°C. The ion beam mixed and annealed profiles show a non-zero slope at the surface and differ significantly from Gaussians.
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  • 10
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Springer
    Fresenius' Zeitschrift für analytische Chemie 341 (1991), S. 343-345 
    ISSN: 1618-2650
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Chemistry and Pharmacology
    Notes: Summary Yttrium iron garnet (YIG) films are made by liquid phase epitaxy (LPE) on a gadolinium gallium garnet (GGG) substrate. The melt contains mainly lead oxide (PbO) and therefore lead can be incorporated into the films. During the annealing process it was found that lead segregates to the surface of the YIG films. The evidence for and the temperature dependence of the segregation process is studied by low energy ion scattering (ISS).
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
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