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  • 1
    ISSN: 1573-4803
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Mechanical Engineering, Materials Science, Production Engineering, Mining and Metallurgy, Traffic Engineering, Precision Mechanics
    Notes: Abstract The theories for modulus and strength of short fibre-reinforced composite materials are based on the calculation of the force sustained by fibres crossing an arbitrary line perpendicular to the applied load, called the scan line, in a thin, rectangular specimen. The widely referenced Fukuda-Kawata modulus theory and the Fukuda-Chou strength theory are based on an apparently incorrect procedure for the calculation of the force sustained by the fibres crossing the scan line. The error is explained in detail by comparing the Fukuda-Kawata modulus theory and the Cox modulus theory. The magnitude of this error is calculated for specific cases.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
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  • 2
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Springer
    Journal of materials science 23 (1988), S. 3970-3972 
    ISSN: 1573-4803
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Mechanical Engineering, Materials Science, Production Engineering, Mining and Metallurgy, Traffic Engineering, Precision Mechanics
    Notes: Abstract A technique for measuring strain with an accuracy of ±100μɛ by direct observation in the scanning electron microscope has been developed and tested. The technique involves placing a fine metallic mesh loosely on the surface of a tensile coupon and observing the motion of the surface with respect to this mesh. It was evaluated by tensile loading of aluminium and carbon fibre-reinforced epoxy specimens for strains up to 600μɛ using an instrumented miniature loading stage. Applications and limitations of the technique have been discussed.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
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  • 3
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Springer
    Journal of materials science 28 (1993), S. 3571-3580 
    ISSN: 1573-4803
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Mechanical Engineering, Materials Science, Production Engineering, Mining and Metallurgy, Traffic Engineering, Precision Mechanics
    Notes: Abstract A novel, simplified, method for evaluating theJ-integral for paper sheets has been developed. The inaccuracy of the single-specimen method (proposed by Riceet al. [8]), when applied to the fracture toughness testing of paper, was found to result from an erroneous assumption about the relationship between the load and the displacement due to plasticity. A new method was developed theoretically; it is based on a modified assumption about this relationship. Using this method, theJ-integral can be evaluated with a single load-displacement curve together with a new parameter that must be separately evaluated using at least one additional specimen. Although the new method requires a minimum of two notched specimens, it provides more flexibility than previous modifications of the single-specimen method. The experimental study indicated that the present method yields values ofJ c (the critical value of theJ-integral) which agree very closely with those obtained using the cumbersome multiple-specimen method, and is therefore more suitable for paper testing than other methods presently available.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
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  • 4
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Stamford, Conn. [u.a.] : Wiley-Blackwell
    Polymer Engineering and Science 24 (1984), S. 252-258 
    ISSN: 0032-3888
    Keywords: Chemistry ; Chemical Engineering
    Source: Wiley InterScience Backfile Collection 1832-2000
    Topics: Chemistry and Pharmacology , Mechanical Engineering, Materials Science, Production Engineering, Mining and Metallurgy, Traffic Engineering, Precision Mechanics , Physics
    Notes: The performance of liquid rubbers as low-temperature plastcizers for bitumen was evaluated by the torsional braid technique developed by Gillham. The low-temperature dynamic mechanical properties of bitumen-liquid rubber mixtures were measured from ambient to -100°C and compared with the corresponding fracture behavior using a modified Fraass test. Microscopic observation of the mixture revealed that the liquid rubber was partially soluble in the bitumen at 23°C and at concentrations greater than 10 percent tended to form colloidal dispersions of rubber particles having mean diameters of approximately 10 μm. The loss tangent maxima shifted to lower temperatures and became less pronounced as the concentration of liquid polybutadiene increased. The colloidal rubber dispersion further contributed to the ductility and reduced the brittle temperature of the bitumen at -30°C at 20 percent liquid rubber concentration. The reduction in the brittle temperature of the bitumen is related to the glass-transition temperature of the added rubber, those rubbers having, the lowest glass-transition temperatures being most efficient. Such modifications are necessary to reduce the tendency of asphaltic paving materials to crack in cold climates.
    Additional Material: 11 Ill.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
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  • 5
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Stamford, Conn. [u.a.] : Wiley-Blackwell
    Polymer Engineering and Science 34 (1994), S. 1016-1024 
    ISSN: 0032-3888
    Keywords: Chemistry ; Chemical Engineering
    Source: Wiley InterScience Backfile Collection 1832-2000
    Topics: Chemistry and Pharmacology , Mechanical Engineering, Materials Science, Production Engineering, Mining and Metallurgy, Traffic Engineering, Precision Mechanics , Physics
    Notes: The mechanical properties of isotactic polypropylene can be enhanced in one direction by a combination of rolling and drawing in a rolling mill. The longitudinal strength and modulus of the oriented polypropylene (OPP) increases with an increase in draw ratio; however, the transverse properties remain relatively unchanged. In this study, multidirectional OPP laminates [with (0)2, (0/90)s and (0/±45)s lay-ups] were made to obtain sheet materials with improved properties in more than one direction in the plane. A hot-plate welding technique was used to produce these translucent and recyclable laminates. The in-plane properties of the laminates were successfully predicted with classical laminate theory (CLT), which is commonly used to predict the properties of fiber reinforced materials. These laminates can be quasi-isotropic and were found to have improved modulus [up to 6 GPa for (0/90)s laminates] and strength [up to 150 MPa for (0/90)s laminates] as well as exceptionally good impact toughness.
    Additional Material: 14 Ill.
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  • 6
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Brookfield, Conn. : Wiley-Blackwell
    Polymer Composites 9 (1988), S. 60-71 
    ISSN: 0272-8397
    Keywords: Chemistry ; Chemical Engineering
    Source: Wiley InterScience Backfile Collection 1832-2000
    Topics: Mechanical Engineering, Materials Science, Production Engineering, Mining and Metallurgy, Traffic Engineering, Precision Mechanics
    Notes: In this study, a theoretical basis for the use of conductive composites was established. A percolation simulation program was used to determine critical area fractions for dispersions of rectangles in two dimensions. Both the aspect ratio and orientations of the rectangles were varied independently, and the simulation results were used to predict the effect of these parameters on the critical concentration of conductive flakes in a filled polymer. Above a certain aspect ratio defined as the “scaling limit,” the critical area fraction for rectangles was inversely proportional to aspect ratio. The scaling limit was smallest for a set of randomly oriented rectangles, and its value became larger as greater degrees of alignment were imposed. The smallest critical area fractions belonged to high aspect ratio, randomly oriented rectangles. The predictions of percolation theory were compared with results for dispersions of nickel-coated mica in fine glass powder and in compression molded polyethylene. The critical volume fraction of mica was inversely proportional to flake aspect ratio over the range of aspect ratios tested. Electromagnetic interference (EMI) shielding effectiveness was examined for composites containing both aligned and randomly oriented flakes. For a given filler loading, the shielding effectiveness of the aligned flake composites was substantially lower than that of the composites containing randomly oriented flakes.
    Additional Material: 19 Ill.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
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  • 7
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Brookfield, Conn. : Wiley-Blackwell
    Polymer Composites 6 (1985), S. 296-303 
    ISSN: 0272-8397
    Keywords: Chemistry ; Chemical Engineering
    Source: Wiley InterScience Backfile Collection 1832-2000
    Topics: Mechanical Engineering, Materials Science, Production Engineering, Mining and Metallurgy, Traffic Engineering, Precision Mechanics
    Notes: The topic of electromagnetic interference (EMI) has been reviewed briefly to outline the need for conductive composite materials. The characteristics of a conductive filler which lead to high efficiency at small filler concentrations were examined qualitatively. One of these characteristics, aspect ratio, was examined in detail by using nickel-coated micas as a means of molding composites containing ultra-thin layers of nickel. Using this technique, as little as 1.5 volume percent nickel can provide adequate shielding for 90 percent of current commercial applications.
    Additional Material: 13 Ill.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
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  • 8
    Publication Date: 1996-04-01
    Print ISSN: 0022-2461
    Electronic ISSN: 1573-4803
    Topics: Mechanical Engineering, Materials Science, Production Engineering, Mining and Metallurgy, Traffic Engineering, Precision Mechanics , Physics
    Published by Springer
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  • 9
    Publication Date: 1993-01-01
    Print ISSN: 0022-2461
    Electronic ISSN: 1573-4803
    Topics: Mechanical Engineering, Materials Science, Production Engineering, Mining and Metallurgy, Traffic Engineering, Precision Mechanics , Physics
    Published by Springer
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  • 10
    Publication Date: 1988-11-01
    Print ISSN: 0022-2461
    Electronic ISSN: 1573-4803
    Topics: Mechanical Engineering, Materials Science, Production Engineering, Mining and Metallurgy, Traffic Engineering, Precision Mechanics , Physics
    Published by Springer
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