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  • 1
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Observation of MeV energy deuterons produced by knock-on collisions between deuterium–tritium fusion α-particles and plasma fuel ions (2000)
    [S.l.] : American Institute of Physics (AIP)
    Physics of Plasmas 7 (2000), S. 957-962 
    Details
    ISSN: 1089-7674
    Source: AIP Digital Archive
    Topics: Physics
    Notes: This paper reports first observations in a tokamak plasma of MeV energy ions produced by close elastic collisions (knock-on) between deuterium–tritium fusion α-particles and thermal plasma fuel ions. Measurements of flux of MeV energy helium and deuterium atoms from the plasma in the Joint European Torus [P.-H. Rebut, A. Gibson, M. Huget et al., Nucl. Fusion 32, 187 (1992)] were made from which line-integrated energy distribution function of knock-on deuterons, F¯d(E), was deduced. Neutralization of the deuterons and α-particles was effected by charge-exchange with one- and two-electron species of the main intrinsic plasma impurities, carbon, beryllium, and helium. Deduced F¯d(E) is shown to be in agreement with calculations using classical confinement and slowing-down of fusion α-particles and knock-on deuterons. © 2000 American Institute of Physics.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1063/1.873894
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  • 2
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Attenuation of energetic helium beams in fusion plasmas (1996)
    [S.l.] : American Institute of Physics (AIP)
    Physics of Plasmas 3 (1996), S. 1512-1523 
    Details
    ISSN: 1089-7674
    Source: AIP Digital Archive
    Topics: Physics
    Notes: The efficiency of plasma heating and diagnostics based on using atomic beams or neutralized ion fluxes depends crucially on the atomic processes involved in the stopping of the atoms. These processes have been studied in detail for helium atoms in the energy range from 25 keV/u to 2.5 MeV/u. The processes considered include both the ground state and the excited states of the atoms, thus allowing for the multistep electron loss in collisions with the plasma constituents. Special attention is paid to electron loss from the atoms in metastable states. The effective beam stopping cross section and attenuation factor have been calculated for a wide variety of beam and plasma parameters. The atomic database necessary for these calculations has been documented using the best data available at present. The results are also given in terms of convenient analytic fits. Special calculations have been carried out for the helium probing beam and neutralized alpha particles in International Thermonuclear Experimental Reactor (ITER) [Kikuchi et al., Fusion Eng. Design 16, 253 (1991)] plasmas. © 1996 American Institute of Physics.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1063/1.872012
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  • 3
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Free-carrier absorption in Be- and C-doped GaAs epilayers and far infrared detector applications (2001)
    [S.l.] : American Institute of Physics (AIP)
    Journal of Applied Physics 89 (2001), S. 3295-3300 
    Details
    ISSN: 1089-7550
    Source: AIP Digital Archive
    Topics: Physics
    Notes: Far infrared (FIR) absorption, reflection, and transmission in heavily doped p-GaAs multilayer structures have been measured for wavelengths 20–200 μm and compared with the calculated results. Both Be (in the range 3×1018–2.6×1019 cm−3) and C (1.8×1018–4.7×1019 cm−3)-doped structures were studied. It is found that the observed absorption, reflection, and transmission are explained correctly by the model with a dominant role of free-carrier absorption in highly doped regions. High reflection from heavily doped thick layers is attractive for the resonant cavity enhanced FIR detectors. © 2001 American Institute of Physics.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1063/1.1347002
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  • 4
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Nonperturbing meaurement of energy distribution function of confined D-T fusion alpha particles in Joint European Torus plasmas using impurity induced neutralization (abstract) : Proceedings of the 12th topical conference on high temperature plasma diagnostics (1999)
    [S.l.] : American Institute of Physics (AIP)
    Review of Scientific Instruments 70 (1999), S. 932-932 
    Details
    ISSN: 1089-7623
    Source: AIP Digital Archive
    Topics: Physics , Electrical Engineering, Measurement and Control Technology
    Notes: We present measurements of the energy distribution function of fusion α particles in the range 0.8≤E(MeV)≤3 in hot-ion H-mode plasmas, using a NPA. Two contributions to the measured atomic flux are distinguished: (i) alpha particles due to direct neutralization effected in double charge–exchange reactions with intrinsic plasma impurities C4+, Be2+, and He0, and (ii) MeV energy deuterons formed by elastic scattering on fusion alpha particles, their neutralization effected by reactions with C5+, Be3+, He1+, and D0. Application of the impurity induced neutralization model to the measurements is presented. Deduced fusion α particle and knock-on deuteron energy distribution functions are compared with Fokker–Planck simulations in which measured time-dependent α-particle source and collisionality are used. © 1999 American Institute of Physics.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1063/1.1149450
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  • 5
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Effects of overheating in a single-electron transistor (1994)
    [S.l.] : American Institute of Physics (AIP)
    Journal of Applied Physics 76 (1994), S. 3623-3631 
    Details
    ISSN: 1089-7550
    Source: AIP Digital Archive
    Topics: Physics
    Notes: Heating of a single-electron transistor (SET) caused by the current flowing through it is considered. The current and the temperature increase should be calculated self-consistently taking into account various paths of the heat drain. Even if there is no heat drain from the central electrode of the SET due to transfer of phonons, the temperature of this electrode remains finite because electron tunneling decreases the temperature difference between the central and outer electrodes. Overheating effects can cause hysteresis in the I-V curve of the SET in the vicinity of the Coulomb blockade threshold.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1063/1.357424
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  • 6
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    A numerical study of the accuracy of single-electron current standards (1996)
    [S.l.] : American Institute of Physics (AIP)
    Journal of Applied Physics 79 (1996), S. 9155-9165 
    Details
    ISSN: 1089-7550
    Source: AIP Digital Archive
    Topics: Physics
    Notes: We have developed an algorithm for the analysis of single-electron standards of dc current. The algorithm is based on numerical solution of the master equation describing the time evolution of the probabilities of the electric charge states of the system, with iterative refinement of the operational set of states. To illustrate the method we have analyzed several standards of dc current. We have shown that the accuracy of the single-electron pump may be improved dramatically at lower frequencies and temperatures by replacing the traditional triangular drive wave forms with a special step-like drive. We have also shown that the M-junction turnstile does not achieve the accuracy of the 5-junction pump with the same values of capacitances and resistances even at M=8. However, a hybrid M-junction pump/turnstile system which is easier to control than the 5-junction pump, exhibits a comparable accuracy already at M=6. © 1996 American Institute of Physics.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1063/1.362587
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  • 7
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    A numerical study of the dynamics and statistics of single electron systems (1995)
    [S.l.] : American Institute of Physics (AIP)
    Journal of Applied Physics 78 (1995), S. 3238-3251 
    Details
    ISSN: 1089-7550
    Source: AIP Digital Archive
    Topics: Physics
    Notes: We describe a new and efficient method for the numerical study of the dynamics and statistics of single electron systems presenting arbitrary combinations of small tunnel junctions, capacitances, and voltage sources. The method is based on numerical solution of a linear matrix equation for the vector of probabilities of various electric charge states of the system, with iterative refining of the operational set of states. The method is able to describe very small deviations from the "classical'' behavior of a system, due to the finite speed of applied signals, thermal activation, and macroscopic quantum tunneling of charge (cotunneling). As an illustration, probability of dynamic and static errors in two single electron memory cells with 6 and 8 tunnel junctions have been calculated as a function of bias voltage, temperature, and switching speed. © 1995 American Institute of Physics.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1063/1.360752
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  • 8
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Single-electron quantization of electric field domains in slim semiconductor superlattices (1993)
    Woodbury, NY : American Institute of Physics (AIP)
    Applied Physics Letters 62 (1993), S. 3282-3284 
    Details
    ISSN: 1077-3118
    Source: AIP Digital Archive
    Topics: Physics
    Notes: It is shown that dc I-V curves of the semiconductor superlattices of small (practically, submicron) cross section should exhibit oscillations with the dc voltage period e/C, where C is the capacitance between adjacent conducting layers. These oscillations are due to the single-electron quantization of electric charge of the boundaries of static high-electric-field domains.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1063/1.109100
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  • 9
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Arrays of normal metal tunnel junctions in weak Coulomb blockade regime (1995)
    Woodbury, NY : American Institute of Physics (AIP)
    Applied Physics Letters 67 (1995), S. 2096-2098 
    Details
    ISSN: 1077-3118
    Source: AIP Digital Archive
    Topics: Physics
    Notes: Universal features of I–V characteristics of one-dimensional arrays of normal metal tunnel junctions have been tested against inhomogenities in the junction parameters, number of junctions in the array, and magnetic field. We find that the differential conductance versus bias voltage obeys the analytic form to within 1% if the fabrication errors are smaller than 10% in junction areas, and if the array has more than ten junctions. Furthermore, the universal relation is insensitive to magnetic field at least up to 8 T. © 1995 American Institute of Physics.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1063/1.115090
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  • 10
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    TASERs: Possible dc pumped terahertz lasers using interwell transitions in semiconductor heterostructures (1994)
    Woodbury, NY : American Institute of Physics (AIP)
    Applied Physics Letters 65 (1994), S. 1865-1867 
    Details
    ISSN: 1077-3118
    Source: AIP Digital Archive
    Topics: Physics
    Notes: We have carried out a theoretical analysis of a possibility to generate coherent continuous-wave terahertz radiation using double-quantum-well heterostructures. The lasing should take place due to inversed population of the wells, created by electron flow through the structure under the effect of applied dc voltage. Estimates show that, e.g., 3 THz radiation with a relatively narrow line (Δf/f(approximately-less-than)10−5) and power of the order of 0.1 mW may be generated using structures with area as small as ∼100 μm2, at temperatures up to ∼30 K. For the experimental implementation of this opportunity, a special design is suggested to reduce absorption of terahertz radiation.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1063/1.112865
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