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  • 1
    Keywords: Sustainability. ; Urban ecology (Biology). ; Human geography. ; Environmental geography. ; Urban policy. ; Sustainability. ; Urban Ecology. ; Human Geography. ; Integrated Geography. ; Urban Policy.
    Description / Table of Contents: Hydrocarbon Content and Enzymatic Activity of Urban Soils in Kola Subarctic -- Acute and Chronic Phytotoxicity of Subarctic Urban Soils and Industrial Wastes -- The Ecotoxicological State of Urban Soils of the Saint-Petersburg City -- Assessment of Soil Quality in Urban Green Areas of Two Russian Cities by Means of Chemical and Biological Methods -- Assessment of Urban Soil Pollution by Heavy Metals (Russian Federation, Republic of Bashkortostan) -- Distribution of Microelements in the Mineral Part of Chernozems under Different Types of Plant Communities in the Rostov Agglomeration -- Seasonal Dynamics of Mobile Phosphorus and Potassium in Podzol Soils Within Slope Catena of Different Anthropogenic Load at the RSAU-MTAA Forest Experimental Station -- Grazing Effect on Carbon Stocks and Fluxes in Soils of the Mountainous Pastures -- Ecosystem Services and Ecological State of Postpyrogenic Soils in Urban Forest Environments -- The Dynamics Peculiarities of the Xylem Sap of Coniferous Woody Plants on the Example of Picea Abies in Rostov-on-Don -- Daily and Seasonal Dynamics of Mixed Forest Biodiversity in the Moscow Region According to Acoustic Monitoring Data -- A Tremendous Green Roof or Biodiversity Museum? First Outcomes from Soil Survey in Zaryadye Park. .
    Abstract: This book provides multidisciplinary approaches to smart and sustainable urban ecosystems. Urbanization is a global tendency, and up to 70% of the world population is projected to live in cities by 2050. How will this rapid urbanization alter the face of the world? What are the environmental consequences of megacities’ expansion? What are smart solutions to make life in cities safe, comfortable, and environmentally friendly? These and other important questions are addressed by the conference Smart and Sustainable Cities (SSC). This year’s theme for the conference will be « Sustainable urban ecosystems: challenges and solutions». Megapolises are complex ecosystems. Air and water quality, vegetation, and soils in megapolises are exposed to anthropogenic influence. Studying negative environmental consequences of the anthropogenic and technogenic pressures is among the key tasks of urban ecology and environmental impact assessment. Advanced approaches and smart technologies to monitor, model, and assess environmental consequences and risks in megapolises will be widely discussed at the conference. Searching for solutions of the environmental problems of modern megapolises will be the key point of the conference. Successful experiences of sustainable urban development and nature-based solutions to support climate adaptation, carbon neutrality, and human health will be presented in the conference proceedings.
    Type of Medium: Online Resource
    Pages: XIII, 316 p. 103 illus., 94 illus. in color. , online resource.
    Edition: 1st ed. 2023.
    ISBN: 9783031372162
    Series Statement: Springer Geography,
    DDC: 304.2
    Language: English
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  • 2
    Publication Date: 2021-08-13
    Description: The effectiveness of different bioremediation methods (biostimulation, bioaugmentation, the sorption-biological method) for the restoration of soil contaminated with petroleum products in the Russian Subarctic has been studied. The object of the study includes soil contaminated for 20 years with petroleum products. By laboratory experiment, we established five types of microfungi that most intensively decompose petroleum hydrocarbons: Penicillium canescens st. 1, Penicillium simplicissimum st. 1, Penicillum commune, Penicillium ochrochloron, and Penicillium restrictum. One day after the start of the experiment, 6 to 18% of the hydrocarbons decomposed: at 3 days, this was 16 to 49%; at 7 days, 40 to 73%; and at 10 days, 71 to 87%. Penicillium commune exhibited the greatest degrading activity throughout the experiment. For soils of light granulometric composition with a low content of organic matter, a more effective method of bioremediation is sorption-biological treatment using peat or granulated activated carbon: the content of hydrocarbons decreased by an average of 65%, which is 2.5 times more effective than without treatment. The sorbent not only binds hydrocarbons and their toxic metabolites but is also a carrier for hydrocarbon-oxidizing microorganisms and prevents nutrient leaching from the soil. High efficiency was noted due to the biostimulation of the native hydrocarbon-oxidizing microfungi and bacteria by mineral fertilizers and liming. An increase in the number of microfungi, bacteria and dehydrogenase activity indicate the presence of a certain microbial potential of the soil and the ability of the hydrocarbons to produce biochemical oxidation. The use of the considered methods of bioremediation will improve the ecological state of the contaminated area and further the gradual restoration of biodiversity.
    Electronic ISSN: 2076-2607
    Topics: Biology
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  • 3
    Publication Date: 2021-10-10
    Description: The soil microbiome of the Barents Sea coast of the Kola Peninsula is here characterized for the first time. The content of copies of ribosomal genes of archaea, bacteria, and fungi was determined by real-time PCR. Reserves and structure of biomass of soil microorganisms such as total biomass of fungi and prokaryotes, length and diameter of mycelium of fungi and actinomycetes, proportion of mycelium in biomass, number of spores and prokaryotic cells, proportion of small and large fungal propagules, and morphology of mycobiota spores were determined. The largest number of ribosomal gene copies was found for bacteria (from 6.47 × 109 to 3.02 × 1011 per g soil). The number of copies of ribosomal genes of fungi and archaea varied within 107–109 copies of genes/g soil. The biomass of microorganisms (prokaryotes and fungi in total) varied from 0.023 to 0.840 mg/g soil. The share of mycobiota in the microbial biomass ranged from 90% to 97%. The number of prokaryotes was not large and varied from 1.87 × 108 to 1.40 × 109 cells/g of soil, while the biomass of fungi was very significant and varied from 0.021 to 0.715 mg/g of soil. The length of actinomycete mycelium was small—from 0.77 to 88.18 m/g of soil, as was the length of fungal hyphae—an order of magnitude higher (up to 504.22 m/g of soil). The proportion of fungal mycelium, an active component of fungal biomass, varied from 25% to 89%. Most (from 65% to 100%) of mycobiota propagules were represented by specimens of small sizes, 2–3 microns. Thus, it is shown that, despite the extreme position on the mainland land of Fennoscandia, local soils had a significant number of microorganisms, on which the productivity of ecosystems largely depends.
    Electronic ISSN: 2076-2607
    Topics: Biology
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