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  • 1
    ISSN: 1570-7458
    Keywords: Zabrotes subfasciatus ; Bruchidae ; dry beans ; resistance ; arcelin ; breeding
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Biology
    Description / Table of Contents: Résumé La résistance à Zabrotes subfasciatus est associée à la présence d'arcéline, une nouvelle protéine des graines, découverte chez quelques populations de Phaseolus vulgaris. 5 types d'arcéline, hérités comme allèles codominants ont été décrits dans la littérature. Nous avons reprécisé les différentes populations contenant différents types d'arcéline et caractérisé leurs résistances à Z. subfasciatus. La population G 02771, correspondant à l'arcéline 5, présente la résistance la plus élevée par antibiose, suivie de G 12952 (arcéline 4), G 12882 (arcéline 1) et G 12866 (arcéline 2). Les populations contenant l'arcéline 3 présentent le moins de résistance à Z. subfasciatus. Un programme de croisements en retour associé à des tests sérologiques pour déceler la présence d'arcéline chez les descendants jeunes et des expériences répétées d'alimentation par les insectes vec BC2F3 a été réalisé pour transférer la résistance de populations naturelles à des cultivars de haricots. Les lignées, provenant de croisements avec des populations sauvages avec de l'arcéline 1, ont été fortement résistantes à Z. subfasciatus. Les lignées contenant de l'arcéline 2 ont été considérées comme ayant une résistance intermédiaire. Les lignées avec arcélines 3 et 4 étaient sensibles. Les raisons de l'échec du transfert de la résistance élevée des parents contenant de l'arcéline 4, sont inconnues. On a constaté que la concentration de l'arcéline dans les lignées contenant cet allèle était très faible, tandis que la concentration en arcéline 1 restait remarquablement élevée. Les recherches sont poursuivies pour déterminer les raisons de l'absence de transfert de l'arcéline 4 chez les descendants contenant cet allèle. Quoi qu'il en soit, les caractéristiques agronomiques et les qualités des lignées résistantes (codées RAZ) ont été évaluées en vue d'une diffusion pour les programmes nationaux de recherche des pays de basses altitudes intertropicaux ou Zabrotes subfasciatus fait des dégâts importants.
    Notes: Abstract Wild Phaseolus vulgaris L. accessions containing arcelin codominant alleles 1 through 5 were reconfirmed and characterized for resistance to the Mexican bean weevil, Zabrotes subfasciatus (Boheman) (Coleoptera: Bruchidae). Accession G 02771 (arcelin 5) had the highest level of antibiosis resistance, followed by G 12952 (arcelin 4), G 12882 (arcelin 1) and G 12866 (arcelin 2). Arcelin 3 accessions conferred the lowest levels of resistance. As the presence of arcelin is inherited as a single dominant gene, a backcross breeding program has been used to transfer resistance to the Mexican bean weevil from wild beans to bean cultivars using serological techniques to detect the presence of arcelin and replicated insect feeding tests to measure resistance levels. Progeny containing arcelin 1 showed resistance equal or superior to that of the resistant check. Arcelin 2-deerived lines had intermediate levels of resistance while no resistant progenies were obtained from crosses with arcelin 3 and 4 sources. Results are discussed in relation to the deployment of arcelin alleles in bean cultivars.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
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  • 2
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Springer
    Entomologia experimentalis et applicata 40 (1986), S. 273-279 
    ISSN: 1570-7458
    Keywords: Phaseolus vulgaris ; feeding preferences ; oviposition preferences ; antibiosis ; antixenosis, tolerance, plant age
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Biology
    Description / Table of Contents: Résumé Des expériences en serres et en champ ont servi à analyser la résistance de P. vulgaris à E. kraemeri. L'importance de l'antibiose dans la résistance à E. kraemeri a été examinée en serre avec 5 variétés résistantes: EMP 81, EMP 82, EMP 89, EMP 94, EMP 97 et un témoin sensible BAT 41, 7 jours après le semis (cotylédons épanouis) et 20–25 j (2 à 3 feuilles). L'examen de la mortalité embryonnaire, du développement larvaire et du poids des larves de 5è stade n'a permis de déceler aucune manifestation d'antibiose sur les différentes variétés. Les préférences pour les lieux de ponte et d'alimentation ont été examinées avec des expériences avec des ou sans choix. Aucune variété n'a été plus rejetée que BAT 41 à 7 et 20–25 j pour l'alimentation. Par contre avec un choix libre, EMP 89 et EMP 97 ont reçu moins de pontes à 7 j que les autres variétés. A 25 j, EMP 89, EMP 94 et EMP 97 portaient moins de larves que BAT 41, EMP 81 ou EMP 82. Cette dernière cependant en l'absence de choix portait moins d'oeufs que BAT 41. L'antixénose de la ponte semble croître avec le développement de la plante pour EMP 89 et EMP 94, bien que la résistance à la ponte ait été plus stable aux fortes populations de E. kraemeri avec EMP 94 que EMP 89. Les résultats en champs, semblables à ceux des serres, ont suggéré que EMP 81 ne présente que la tolérance comme moyen de résistance à E. kraemeri tandis que EMP 89, EMP 94, EMP 97 et EMP 82 n'étaient pas préférentiellement choisis pour la ponte.
    Notes: Abstract Greenhouse and field studies were conducted to determine the mechanisms of resistance (tolerance, antibiosis and antixenosis) in common beans Phaseolus vulgaris L. to the leafhopper Empoasca kraemeri Ross & Moore (Homoptera: Cicadellidae). No antibiosis effects were detected in any of the bean lines investigated. However, in both free choice and no choice tests in the greenhouse, ovipositional antixenosis was detected, and appeared to increase with increasing plant age in resistant bean lines. The results of the field study were similar to those obtained in the greenhouse and suggested that bean line EMP 81 possessed only tolerance as a mechanism of resistance to leafhoppers, while EMP 89, EMP 94, EMP 97 and EMP 82 were non-preferred by ovipositing leafhoppers.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
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  • 3
    ISSN: 1573-5060
    Keywords: Phaseolus vulgaris ; common bean ; storage pest ; Acanthoscelides obtectus ; bean weevil ; inheritance ; resistance
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Agriculture, Forestry, Horticulture, Fishery, Domestic Science, Nutrition
    Notes: Summary The bean weevil Acanthoscelides obtectus, is an important storage pest of common beans in Latin America and Africa. A few wild bean accessions from Mexico have been identified as highly resistant to the weevil. One accession, G 12952, was crossed to two susceptible bean cultivars differing in seed size. Reciprocal F1 and F2 individual seed were evaluated for days to adult emergence (DAE) and emerged adult weight. Maternally inherited seed size affected resistance measurements only in the F1 reciprocal crosses, however, the overall resistance level of the F1 was more similar to that of the susceptible cultivars. The F2 showed a continuous, but skewed distribution from low to high DAE. Very few F2 individuals had the resistance level of G 12952. When the frequency distributions were divided into discrete categories based on parental response, resistance was found to be inherited as two recessive complementary genes. The F3 generation showed an overall lowering of resistance levels compared to their original F2 evaluations. However, none of the lines classified as resistant (≥50 DAE) in the F2, fell into the susceptible category in the F3, indicating that the resistant genotypes were relatively stable as expected with recessively inherited traits. Modifying genes from the commercial parents may be responsible for general lowering of resistance. Seed size was negatively correlated with adult weight but not with DAE. The unique resistance of the wild bean accessions is discussed in relation to its inheritance. The results and obstacles encountered in the A. obtectus breeding program at CIAT are described.
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  • 4
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Springer
    Euphytica 47 (1990), S. 223-231 
    ISSN: 1573-5060
    Keywords: Phaseolus vulgaris ; common beans ; Empoasca kraemeri ; leafhoppers ; tolerance ; yield breeding ; transgressive segregants
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Agriculture, Forestry, Horticulture, Fishery, Domestic Science, Nutrition
    Notes: Summary Significant advances in increasing tolerance to the leafhopper Empoasca kraemeri Ross & Moore in common bean have been obtained using a new breeding scheme where yield under leafhopper attack is the principal selection criterion in the evaluation of progenies. However, to further refine this breeding scheme, a study was conducted to determine whether selection for nonprotected yield would be more effective in early versus late generations. Two selection strategies were compared. In Strategy I, early generation selections in the F2 and F3 were compared to Strategy II where late generation selections were made in the F4 and F5, with the F2 and F3 generations advanced using single pod descent and bulk practices, respectively. Yield trials of the F6 lines from both selection strategies were conducted under nonprotected and insecticide protected treatments. No significant differences were detected between the two selection strategies. However, Strategy II did produce advanced lines with greater nonprotected yields than did Strategy I, with the best F6 line, in three out of four crosses, coming out of Strategy II. Late generation selection is recommended over early generation selection. Results of the new leafhopper breeding scheme, based on yield, are compared to the old breeding scheme where selections were made using visual selection practices in early generations.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
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  • 5
    ISSN: 1573-5060
    Keywords: adaptation ; common bean ; flowering ; photoperiod ; temperature ; Phaseolus vulgaris
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Agriculture, Forestry, Horticulture, Fishery, Domestic Science, Nutrition
    Notes: Summary Photoperiod response of flowering in common bean (Phaseolus vulgaris L.) is thought to be controlled by the genes Ppd and Hr. However, cultivars also vary in the degree that cooler temperatures reduces their sensitivity to photoperiod. To examine the inheritance of this temperature sensitivity, crosses of cvs. Gordo x de Celaya and Flor de Mayo × Rojo 70 were evaluated at two sites differing in mean temperature and using 12.5-h natural photoperiod or 18-h artificially extended photoperiod. Under 18-h photoperiod at the warmer site, Palmira, no plants of the parents or of the F2 populations flowered, confirming that the parents were sensitive to photoperiod. Under 12.5-h photoperiod at the cooler site, Popayan, the parents for each cross flowered at similar dates and no segregation for days to flower was observed. However, under 18-h photoperiod, de Celaya and Rojo 70 and the F1 populations did not flower within 100 days after planting, while the F2 and F3 populations showed segregation that was consistent with single gene inheritance, late flowering being dominant. Late flowering at Popayan under 18-h photoperiod indicates a lack of temperature sensitivity, so temperature insensitivity of the photoperiod response was dominant to sensitivity. The name Tip, for “temperature insensitivity of photoperiod response”, is proposed for this gene, with the recessive form of this gene conditioning earlier flowering at cooler temperatures with long daylengths. It is recognized that the observed segregation patterns could represent the effect of multiple alleles at the Ppd or Hr loci, and studies are proposed to test this possibility with molecular markers and recombinant inbred lines.
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  • 6
    Publication Date: 1992-04-01
    Print ISSN: 0013-0001
    Electronic ISSN: 1874-9364
    Topics: Biology , Agriculture, Forestry, Horticulture, Fishery, Domestic Science, Nutrition
    Published by Springer
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  • 7
    Publication Date: 1993-09-01
    Print ISSN: 0011-183X
    Electronic ISSN: 1435-0653
    Topics: Agriculture, Forestry, Horticulture, Fishery, Domestic Science, Nutrition
    Published by Wiley
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  • 8
    Publication Date: 1993-05-01
    Print ISSN: 0011-183X
    Electronic ISSN: 1435-0653
    Topics: Agriculture, Forestry, Horticulture, Fishery, Domestic Science, Nutrition
    Published by Wiley
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  • 9
    Publication Date: 1986-11-01
    Print ISSN: 0011-183X
    Electronic ISSN: 1435-0653
    Topics: Agriculture, Forestry, Horticulture, Fishery, Domestic Science, Nutrition
    Published by Wiley
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