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  • 1
    ISSN: 1476-4687
    Source: Nature Archives 1869 - 2009
    Topics: Biology , Chemistry and Pharmacology , Medicine , Natural Sciences in General , Physics
    Notes: [Auszug] Peroxisome proliferator-activated receptors (PPARs) are key players in lipid and glucose metabolism and are implicated in metabolic disorders predisposing to atherosclerosis, such as dyslipidaemia and diabetes. Whereas PPARγ promotes lipid storage by regulating adipocyte differentiation, ...
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  • 2
    ISSN: 1436-6304
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Mathematics , Economics
    Description / Table of Contents: Summary This contribution describes the solution of an one-dimensional cutting problem in the context of a production control system. The solution of the cutting problem is demonstrated at the example of the production of central heating radiator units. The procedure is subdivided in an initial heuristic phase in order to concentrate the problem description. Afterwards an optimization phase is added to find the best solution of the reduced problem by using Linear Programming. Test results of field experiences are given. The last part of the contribution shows the integration of this solution in the global material and machine planning and control moduls. This is done by the determination of the interfaces of the batch oriented production control system and the process control of an NC saw machine.
    Notes: Zusammenfassung In diesem Beitrag wird am Beispiel der Produktion von Radiator-Heizungskörpern die Lösung des Zuschnittproblems der Vor- und Rücklaufrohre mit einem heuristisch-optimierenden Verfahren dargestellt. Die heuristische Vorschaltphase des Verfahrens ermöglicht bei geschickter Wahl der Kriterien eine Reduktion der Dimension des Verschnittproblems, ohne die Lösungsgüte unzulässig einzuschränken. Im Rahmen der reduzierten Problembeschreibung folgt anschließend die Optimierungsphase durch Anwendung der Linearen Programmierung. Es werden Testergebnisse im praktischen Einsatz des Verfahrens beschrieben. Weiterhin wird die Betrachtung der Integration des Verfahrens in ein globales EDV-gestütztes Produktionsplanungs- und -steuerungssystem behandelt, indem die Schnittstellen in der Material- und Terminbewirtschaftung zwischen dem stapelorientierten Planungskonzept und der Prozeßkontrolle einer NC-Sägeanlage definiert werden.
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  • 3
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    s.l. ; Stafa-Zurich, Switzerland
    Key engineering materials Vol. 132-136 (Apr. 1997), p. 1219-1222 
    ISSN: 1013-9826
    Source: Scientific.Net: Materials Science & Technology / Trans Tech Publications Archiv 1984-2008
    Topics: Mechanical Engineering, Materials Science, Production Engineering, Mining and Metallurgy, Traffic Engineering, Precision Mechanics
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  • 4
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Springer
    Probability theory and related fields 100 (1994), S. 513-544 
    ISSN: 1432-2064
    Keywords: 60K35 ; 58E30 ; 60F10 ; 60J15
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Mathematics
    Notes: Summary Consider a one-dimensional walk (S k ) k having steps of bounded size, and weight the probability of the path with some factor 1−α∈(0,1) for every single self-intersection up to timen. We prove thatS n /S S converges towards some deterministic number called the effective drift of the self-repellent walk. Furthermore, this drift is shown to tend to the basic drift as α tends to 0 and, as α tends to 1, to the self-avoiding walk's drift which is introduced in [10]. The main tool of the present paper is a representation of the sequence of the local times as a functional of a certain Markov process.
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  • 5
    ISSN: 1476-4687
    Source: Nature Archives 1869 - 2009
    Topics: Biology , Chemistry and Pharmacology , Medicine , Natural Sciences in General , Physics
    Notes: [Auszug] Integrins are important mammalian receptors involved in normal cellular functions as well as pathogenesis of chronic inflammation and cancer. We propose that integrins are exploited by the gastric pathogen and type-1 carcinogen Helicobacter pylori for injection of the bacterial oncoprotein ...
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  • 6
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Springer
    Probability theory and related fields 96 (1993), S. 521-543 
    ISSN: 1432-2064
    Keywords: 60K35 ; 58E30 ; 60F10 ; 60J15
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Mathematics
    Notes: Summary We prove that a self-avoiding random walk on the integers with bounded increments grows linearly. We characterize its drift in terms of the Frobenius eigenvalue of a certain one parameter family of primitive matrices. As an important tool, we express the local times as a two-block functional of a certain Markov chain, which is of independent interest.
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  • 7
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Springer
    Journal of superconductivity 11 (1998), S. 107-108 
    ISSN: 1572-9605
    Keywords: Tl-superconductors ; preparation ; critical currents ; texturing
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Electrical Engineering, Measurement and Control Technology , Physics
    Notes: Abstract Doped Tl-1223 superconductors of the composition TlaBibPbcBanSr2−nCa2Cu3Oy (a = 0.50 − 0.76, b = 0, 0.16 and 0.3, c = 0.5, 0.24 and 0, n = 0.15 − 0.4) were prepared from oxidic Ba-Sr-Ca-Cu precursor material. Upon calcination of the tartrate gels or the nitrates, the respective amounts of Tl2O3, PbO and Bi2O3 were added to the oxidic powders by milling. The samples were sintered in silver foil. The specimens consisted predominantely of the Tl-1223 phase with small amounts of Tl-1212 and secondary phases. Tc(0)-values ranged between 115 K and 119 K with transition widths around 1 K. Transport critical current densities up to 1.4 kA cm−2 at 77 K were measured for the assintered samples. Texturing was obtained by repressing and resintering of the superconducting material followed by annealing at 750°C for 50 h in flowing oxygen. The transport critical current densities could be improved up to 7 kA cm−2 by the thermomechanical treatment. Microstructural studies yielded information on the alignment of the superconducting grains, on secondary phases and the porosities.
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  • 8
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Weinheim : Wiley-Blackwell
    Berichte der deutschen chemischen Gesellschaft 103 (1970), S. 788-798 
    ISSN: 0009-2940
    Keywords: Chemistry ; Inorganic Chemistry
    Source: Wiley InterScience Backfile Collection 1832-2000
    Topics: Chemistry and Pharmacology
    Description / Table of Contents: A New Method for Synthesis of Peptides: Activation of the Carboxyl Group with Dicyclohexylcarbodiimide using 1-hydroxybenzotriazoles as Additives1-Hydroxybenzotriazole and a number of substituted 1-Hydroxybenzotriazoles are suitable additives in the synthesis of peptides using the dicyclohexylcarbodiimide method1). The glc-racemisation test described by Weygand and coworkers2) was used to determine the influence of these additives on the racemisation during peptide synthesis. The newly employed additives decrease racemisation, prohibit the formation of N-acylurea and afford peptides in excellent yield and a high state of purity.
    Notes: 1-Hydroxy-benzotriazol sowie verschiedene kernsubstituierte 1-Hydroxy-benzotriazole eignen sich als Zusätze bei der Dicyclohexylcarbodiimid-Methode zur Synthese von Peptiden. Ihr Einfluß auf die Racemisierung bei Peptidsynthesen wurde unter Anwendung des gaschromatographischen Racemisierungstests von Weygand u. Mitarbb.2) untersucht. Die neuen Zusätze senken die Racemisierung, verhindern die N-Acyl-harnstoffbildung und führen in hoher Ausbeute zu sehr reinen Peptiden.
    Additional Material: 9 Tab.
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  • 9
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Weinheim : Wiley-Blackwell
    Berichte der deutschen chemischen Gesellschaft 103 (1970), S. 2024-2033 
    ISSN: 0009-2940
    Keywords: Chemistry ; Inorganic Chemistry
    Source: Wiley InterScience Backfile Collection 1832-2000
    Topics: Chemistry and Pharmacology
    Description / Table of Contents: Racemization in Peptide SynthesesVarious gaschromatographic racemization tests indicate, that 3-hydroxy-4-oxo-3,4-dihydro-1,2,3-benzotriazine as additive to DCCD decreases racemization in the DCCD-method to a minimum, compared with a series of N-hydroxy-compounds. It is also possible to prepare the intermediate activated esters without racemization. Addition of weak tertiary bases has a favourable effect on the yield and racemization in the preparation of N-acylpeptide-N-hydroxysuccinimide esters by the DCCD-method.
    Notes: Durch Anwendung mehrerer gaschromatographischer Racemisierungstests wurde gefunden, daß bei der DCCD-Methode1) aus einer Reihe von N-Hydroxyverbindungen als Zusatz zum DCCD das 3-Hydroxy-4-oxo-3.4-dihydro-1.2.3-benzotriazin die Racemisierung am wirkungsvollsten senkt. Auch eine racemisierungsfreie Voraktivierung ist mit dieser Verbindung möglich. Bei der Herstellung von N-Acyl-peptid-[N-hydroxy-succinimidestern] nach der DCCD-Methode wirkt sich ein Zusatz schwacher tert. Basen günstig auf Ausbeute und Racemisierung aus.
    Additional Material: 8 Tab.
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  • 10
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Weinheim : Wiley-Blackwell
    Berichte der deutschen chemischen Gesellschaft 103 (1970), S. 2034-2040 
    ISSN: 0009-2940
    Keywords: Chemistry ; Inorganic Chemistry
    Source: Wiley InterScience Backfile Collection 1832-2000
    Topics: Chemistry and Pharmacology
    Description / Table of Contents: A New Method for the Synthesis of Peptides: Activation of the Carboxy Group with Dicyclohexylcarbodiimide and 3-Hydroxy-4-oxo-3,4-dihydro-1,2,3-benzotriazine3-Hydroxy-4-oxo-3,4-dihydro-1,2,3-benzotriazine1) (1) is a suitable additive in the DCCD method2) for peptide synthesis. Racemization and formation of N-acylurea is prohibited. It is also possible to prepare the activated esters of N-protected peptides and amino acids with this compound without racemization. By-products may be formed however: Two moles 1 and one mol DCCD react to give 3-(2-azidobenzoyloxy)-3,4-oxo-4-dihydro-1,2,3-benzo-triazine. 3-hydroxy-4-oxo-3,4-dihydroquinazoline1) is a less suited additive in this method.
    Notes: 3-Hydroxy-4-oxo-3.4-dihydro-l.2.3-benzotriazin (1)1) eignet sich als Zusatz bei der Dicyclo-hexylcarbodiimid-Methode2) (DCCD-Methode) zur Synthese von Peptiden. N-Acyl-harnstoff-Bildung und Racemisierung unterbleiben. Auch die Voraktivierung von N-geschützten Peptiden und Aminosäuren mittels DCCD gelingt mit dieser Verbindung ohne Racemisierung. Mit Nebenprodukten ist jedoch zu rechnen: aus 2 Mol 1 und 1 Mol DCCD entsteht 3-[2-Azido-benzoyloxy]-4-oxo-3.4-dihydro-1.2.3- benzotriazin (2). 3-Hydroxy-4-oxo-3.4-dihydro-chinazolin1) ist als Zusatz bei der DCCD-Methode weniger geeignet.
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