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  • 1
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    Seawater carbonate chemistry and growth and photosynthetic performance of temperate and Arctic populations of Saccharina latissima (2023)
    PANGAEA
    Details
    Publication Date: 2024-05-24
    Description: The Arctic population of the kelp Saccharina latissima differs from the Helgoland population in its sensitivity to changing temperature and CO2 levels. The Arctic population does more likely benefit from the upcoming environmental scenario than its Atlantic counterpart. The previous research demonstrated that warming and ocean acidification (OA) affect the biochemical composition of Arctic (Spitsbergen; SP) and cold-temperate (Helgoland; HL) Saccharina latissima differently, suggesting ecotypic differentiation. This study analyses the responses to different partial pressures of CO2 (380, 800, and 1500 µatm pCO2) and temperature levels (SP population: 4, 10 °C; HL population: 10, 17 °C) on the photophysiology (O2 production, pigment composition, D1-protein content) and carbon assimilation [Rubisco content, carbon concentrating mechanisms (CCMs), growth rate] of both ecotypes. Elevated temperatures stimulated O2 production in both populations, and also led to an increase in pigment content and a deactivation of CCMs, as indicated by 13C isotopic discrimination of algal biomass (εp) in the HL population, which was not observed in SP thalli. In general, pCO2 effects were less pronounced than temperature effects. High pCO2 deactivated CCMs in both populations and produced a decrease in the Rubisco content of HL thalli, while it was unaltered in SP population. As a result, the growth rate of the Arctic ecotype increased at elevated pCO2 and higher temperatures and it remained unchanged in the HL population. Ecotypic differentiation was revealed by a significantly higher O2 production rate and an increase in Chl a, Rubisco, and D1 protein content in SP thalli, but a lower growth rate, in comparison to the HL population. We conclude that both populations differ in their sensitivity to changing temperatures and OA and that the Arctic population is more likely to benefit from the upcoming environmental scenario than its Atlantic counterpart.
    Keywords: Alkalinity, total; Alkalinity, total, standard deviation; Antheraxanthin; Antheraxanthin, standard deviation; Antheraxanthin/chlorophyll a ratio; Antheraxanthin/chlorophyll a ratio, standard deviation; Aragonite saturation state; Aragonite saturation state, standard deviation; Arctic; Benthos; beta-Carotene; beta-Carotene, standard deviation; Beta-Carotene/chlorophyll a ratio; Beta-Carotene/chlorophyll a ratio, standard deviation; Bicarbonate ion; Bicarbonate ion, standard deviation; Bottles or small containers/Aquaria (〈20 L); Calcite saturation state; Calcite saturation state, standard deviation; Calculated using CO2SYS; Calculated using seacarb after Nisumaa et al. (2010); Calculated using seacarb after Orr et al. (2018); Carbon, inorganic, dissolved; Carbon, inorganic, dissolved, standard deviation; Carbonate ion; Carbonate ion, standard deviation; Carbonate system computation flag; Carbon dioxide; Carbon dioxide, standard deviation; Chlorophyll a, per dry mass; Chlorophyll a, standard deviation; Chlorophyll c; Chlorophyll c, standard deviation; Chlorophyll c2/chlorophyll a ratio; Chlorophyll c2/chlorophyll a ratio, standard deviation; Chromista; Coast and continental shelf; D1 protein, relative intensity; D1 protein, relative intensity, standard deviation; De-epoxidation state; De-epoxidation state, standard deviation; Effective quantum yield; Effective quantum yield, standard deviation; Fucoxanthin; Fucoxanthin, standard deviation; Fucoxanthin/chlorophyll a ratio; Fucoxanthin/chlorophyll a ratio, standard devitation; Fugacity of carbon dioxide (water) at sea surface temperature (wet air); Fugacity of carbon dioxide in seawater, standard deviation; Growth, relative, standard deviation; Growth/Morphology; Growth rate; Isotopic fractionation, during photosynthis; Isotopic fractionation, during photosynthis, standard deviation; Laboratory experiment; Macroalgae; Net photosynthesis rate; Net photosynthesis rate, oxygen; Net photosynthesis rate, oxygen, per chlorophyll a; Net photosynthesis rate, standard deviation; North Atlantic; OA-ICC; Ocean Acidification International Coordination Centre; Ochrophyta; Other studied parameter or process; Partial pressure of carbon dioxide, standard deviation; Partial pressure of carbon dioxide (water) at sea surface temperature (wet air); pH; pH, standard deviation; Phlorotannins; Phlorotannins, standard deviation; Pigments, accessory; Pigments, accessory, standard deviation; Pigments, accessory/chlorophyll a ratio; Pigments, accessory/chlorophyll a ratio, standard deviation; Pigments, violaxanthin-xanthophyll-cycle/chlorophyll a ratio; Pigments, violaxanthin-xanthophyll-cycle/chlorophyll a ratio, standard deviation; Polar; Potentiometric; Potentiometric titration; Primary production/Photosynthesis; Proteins, total; Proteins, total, standard deviation; Rubisco, per dry mass; Rubisco, per protein; Rubisco content, per dry mass, standard deviation; Rubisco content per protein, standard deviation; Saccharina latissima; Salinity; Salinity, standard deviation; Single species; Site; Species; Temperate; Temperature; Temperature, water; Temperature, water, standard deviation; Treatment: partial pressure of carbon dioxide; Treatment: temperature; Type of study; Violaxanthin; Violaxanthin, standard deviation; Violaxanthin/chlorophyll a ratio; Violaxanthin/chlorophyll a ratio, standard deviation; Violaxanthin-xanthophyll-cycle pigments; Violaxanthin-xanthophyll-cycle pigments, standard deviation; Zeaxanthin; Zeaxanthin, standard deviation; Zeaxanthin/chlorophyll a ratio; Zeaxanthin/chlorophyll a ratio, standard deviation
    Type: Dataset
    Format: text/tab-separated-values, 1152 data points
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    DATA PANGAEA
  • 2
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    Increased pCO2 and temperature reveal ecotypic differences in growth and photosynthetic performance of temperate and Arctic populations of Saccharina latissima (2016)
    Springer
    Details
    Publication Date: 2016-09-21
    Print ISSN: 0032-0935
    Electronic ISSN: 1432-2048
    Topics: Biology
    Published by Springer
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  • 3
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    Fatty acid compositions associated with high-light tolerance in the intertidal rhodophytes Mastocarpus stellatus and Chondrus crispus (2017)
    BioMed Central
    Details
    Publication Date: 2017-08-02
    Print ISSN: 1438-387X
    Electronic ISSN: 1438-3888
    Topics: Biology
    Published by BioMed Central
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  • 4
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    The Role of the Nuclear Factor κB Pathway in the Cellular Response to Low and High Linear Energy Transfer Radiation (2018)
    Molecular Diversity Preservation International
    Details
    Publication Date: 2018-07-30
    Description: Astronauts are exposed to considerable doses of space radiation during long-term space missions. As complete shielding of the highly energetic particles is impracticable, the cellular response to space-relevant radiation qualities has to be understood in order to develop countermeasures and to reduce radiation risk uncertainties. The transcription factor Nuclear Factor κB (NF-κB) plays a fundamental role in the immune response and in the pathogenesis of many diseases. We have previously shown that heavy ions with a linear energy transfer (LET) of 100–300 keV/µm have a nine times higher potential to activate NF-κB compared to low-LET X-rays. Here, chemical inhibitor studies using human embryonic kidney cells (HEK) showed that the DNA damage sensor Ataxia telangiectasia mutated (ATM) and the proteasome were essential for NF-κB activation in response to X-rays and heavy ions. NF-κB’s role in cellular radiation response was determined by stable knock-down of the NF-κB subunit RelA. Transfection of a RelA short-hairpin RNA plasmid resulted in higher sensitivity towards X-rays, but not towards heavy ions. Reverse Transcriptase real-time quantitative PCR (RT-qPCR) showed that after exposure to X-rays and heavy ions, NF-κB predominantly upregulates genes involved in intercellular communication processes. This process is strictly NF-κB dependent as the response is completely absent in RelA knock-down cells. NF-κB’s role in the cellular radiation response depends on the radiation quality.
    Print ISSN: 1661-6596
    Electronic ISSN: 1422-0067
    Topics: Chemistry and Pharmacology
    Published by Molecular Diversity Preservation International
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  • 5
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    Short- and long-term acclimation patterns of the giant kelp Macrocystis pyrifera (Laminariales, Phaeophyceae) along a depth gradient (2016)
    In:  EPIC3Journal of Phycology, 52(2), pp. 260-273
    Details
    Publication Date: 2016-07-27
    Repository Name: EPIC Alfred Wegener Institut
    Type: Article , isiRev
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  • 6
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    Increased pCO2 and temperature reveal ecotypic differences in growth and photosynthetic performance of temperate and Arctic populations of Saccharina latissima (2017)
    SPRINGER
    In:  EPIC3Planta, SPRINGER, 245(1), pp. 119-136, ISSN: 0032-0935
    Details
    Publication Date: 2017-01-30
    Description: Main conclusion The Arctic population of the kelp Saccharina latissima differs from the Helgoland population in its sensitivity to changing temperature and CO2 levels. The Arctic population does more likely benefit from the upcoming environmental scenario than its Atlantic counterpart. The previous research demonstrated that warming and ocean acidification (OA) affect the biochemical composition of Arctic (Spitsbergen; SP) and cold-temperate (Helgoland; HL) Saccharina latissima differently, suggesting ecotypic differentiation. This study analyses the responses to different partial pressures of CO2 (380, 800, and 1500 µatm pCO2) and temperature levels (SP population: 4, 10 °C; HL population: 10, 17 °C) on the photophysiology (O2 production, pigment composition, D1-protein content) and carbon assimilation [Rubisco content, carbon concentrating mechanisms (CCMs), growth rate] of both ecotypes. Elevated temperatures stimulated O2 production in both populations, and also led to an increase in pigment content and a deactivation of CCMs, as indicated by 13C isotopic discrimination of algal biomass (εp) in the HL population, which was not observed in SP thalli. In general, pCO2 effects were less pronounced than temperature effects. High pCO2 deactivated CCMs in both populations and produced a decrease in the Rubisco content of HL thalli, while it was unaltered in SP population. As a result, the growth rate of the Arctic ecotype increased at elevated pCO2 and higher temperatures and it remained unchanged in the HL population. Ecotypic differentiation was revealed by a significantly higher O2 production rate and an increase in Chl a, Rubisco, and D1 protein content in SP thalli, but a lower growth rate, in comparison to the HL population. We conclude that both populations differ in their sensitivity to changing temperatures and OA and that the Arctic population is more likely to benefit from the upcoming environmental scenario than its Atlantic counterpart.
    Repository Name: EPIC Alfred Wegener Institut
    Type: Article , isiRev
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  • 7
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    Global warming and carbon dynamics in permafrost ecosystems: methane production and oxidation (2008)
    In:  EPIC33rd International Conference on Polar and Alpine Microbiology, Banff, Cananda, May 11-15, 2008 p.
    Details
    Publication Date: 2019-07-17
    Description: The Arctic plays a key role in the Earths climate system, because global warming is predicted to be most pronounced at high latitudes, and one third of the global carbon pool is stored in ecosystems of the northern latitudes. The degradation of permafrost and the associated release of climate-relevant trace gases from intensified microbial turnover of organic carbon and from destabilized gas hydrates represent a potential environmental hazard.The microorganisms, which are the drivers of methane production and oxidation in Arctic wetlands, have remained obscure. Their function, population structure and reaction to environmental change is largely unknown, which means that also an important part of the process knowledge on methane fluxes in permafrost ecosystems is far from completely understood. This hampers prediction of the effects of climate warming on arctic methane fluxes. Understanding these microbial populations is therefore highly important for understanding the global climatic effects of a warming Arctic. This talk will examine the activity and diversity of methane-cycling microorganisms in Siberian permafrost ecosystems.
    Repository Name: EPIC Alfred Wegener Institut
    Type: Conference , notRev
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  • 8
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    Methanogenic community composition and anaerobic carbon turnover in submarine permafrost sediments of the Siberian Laptev Sea (2009)
    In:  EPIC3Environmental Microbiology 11, pp. 657-668
    Details
    Publication Date: 2019-07-17
    Repository Name: EPIC Alfred Wegener Institut
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  • 9
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    Methane cycle in terrestrial and submarine permafrost deposits of the Laptev Sea region (2008)
    In:  EPIC3Proceedings of the Ninth International Conference on Permafrost, June 29 - July 3, Fairbanks, Alaska, Vol. 2, pp. 1875-1880
    Details
    Publication Date: 2019-07-17
    Description: Permafrost environments within the Siberian Arctic are natural sources of the climate-relevant trace gas methane. In order to improve our understanding of present and future carbon dynamics in high latitudes, we studied the activity and biomass of the methanogenic communities in terrestrial and submarine permafrost deposits. For these investigations, permafrost cores of Holocene and Late Pleistocene age were drilled in the Laptev Sea region. A high CH4 concentration was found in the upper 4 m of the Holocene deposits, which correlates well with the methanogenic activity and biomass. Even the incubation of core material at -3°C and -6°C showed a significant CH4 production (range: 0.040.78 nmol CH4 h-1 g-1). The results indicated that the methane in permafrost deposits originated from modern methanogenesis by cold-adapted methanogenic archaea. Microbial-generated methane in permafrost sediments is, so far, an underestimated factor for future climate development.
    Repository Name: EPIC Alfred Wegener Institut
    Type: Article , peerRev
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  • 10
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    Methane cycle in terrestrial amd submarine permafrost deposits of the Laptev Sea region (2008)
    In:  EPIC3Ninth International Conference on Permafrost, Fairbanks, Alaska, June 29 - July 3, 2008 p.
    Details
    Publication Date: 2019-07-17
    Description: Permafrost environments within the Siberian Arctic are natural sources of the climate relevant trace gas methane. In order to improve our understanding of the present and future carbon dynamics in high latitudes, we studied the methane concentration, the quantity and quality of organic matter, and the activity and biomass of the methanogenic community in terrestrial and submarine permafrost deposits. For these investigations permafrost cores of Holocene and Pleistocene ages were drilled in the Laptev Sea region. The organic carbon of the permafrost sediments varied between 0.6% and 4.9% and was characterized by an increasing humification index with permafrost depth. A high methane concentration was found in distinct horizons of the deposits, which correlates well with the methanogenic activity and archaeal biomass (expressed as PLEL concentration). Even the incubation of core material at 3 and 6°C with and without substrates showed a significant methane production (range: 0.040.78 nmol CH4 h 1 g 1). The results indicated that the methane in Holocene and Pleistocene permafrost deposits of the Laptev Sea region originated from modern methanogenesis by cold-adapted methanogenic archaea. Owing to the subzero experiments and the in situ temperatures of permafrost sediments, we can conclude that the methanogenic community is dominated by psychrotolerant or even psychrophilic microorganisms. Despite this adaptation to cold environments, we show that a slight increase of the temperature can lead to a substantial increase of methanogenic activity. In case of permafrost degradation, this would lead to an extensive expansion of the methane deposits with their subsequent impacts on total methane emission. A future in-depth characterization of the metabolism of these cold-adapted methanogens will reveal biotic and abiotic factors, which influence the methanogenic activity of these organisms.Furthermore, the results further show that methane in permafrost, which originates from modern methanogenesis, represents contribution thus so far not considered to the global methane budget. The methane is released to the atmosphere by permafrost degradation in form of thermokarst or coastal erosion processes, which is an ongoing process in Arctic regions. Although the change of permafrost by global warming is examined in the framework of different international projects, these investigations should be linked more strongly with microbiological process studies and biodiversity research. Thus, a contribution could be made to understand the role of permafrost in the global system and possible feedbacks by material fluxes and greenhouse gas emissions.
    Repository Name: EPIC Alfred Wegener Institut
    Type: Conference , notRev
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