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  • 1
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Channels at the catalytic site of glycogen phosphorylase b: binding and kinetic studies with the .beta.-glycosidase inhibitor D-gluconohydroximo-1,5-lactone N-phenylurethane (1988)
    s.l. : American Chemical Society
    Biochemistry 27 (1988), S. 6733-6741 
    Details
    ISSN: 1520-4995
    Source: ACS Legacy Archives
    Topics: Biology , Chemistry and Pharmacology
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1021/bi00418a014
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  • 2
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    INVESTIGATION OF THE ROLE OF RESIDUAL STRESSES IN THE WARM PRESTRESS (WPS) EFFECT. PART II—ANALYSIS (1996)
    Oxford, UK : Blackwell Publishing Ltd
    Fatigue & fracture of engineering materials & structures 19 (1996), S. 0 
    Details
    ISSN: 1460-2695
    Source: Blackwell Publishing Journal Backfiles 1879-2005
    Topics: Mechanical Engineering, Materials Science, Production Engineering, Mining and Metallurgy, Traffic Engineering, Precision Mechanics
    Notes: Abstract— Curry's model of the WPS effect has been applied to the results of a previous paper, and is extended to treat warm prestressing in blunt notched test-pieces. The effect of more complex prestress cycles is also predicted by an extrapolation of the model. The effects of the load-cool-fracture, LCF, cycle can be reasonably predicted for both sharply precracked and blunt notched specimens. For the sharply precracked specimens the effects of the load-unload-cool-fracture, LUCF, cycle at — 196°C are consistently overpredicted and this may be due to a decrease in the cleavage fracture stress at — 196°C of the material at the crack tip which has been subjected to repeated plastic straining by the combination of loading cycles. Modifications to the model are suggested which reduce the overproduction but a wide degree of scatter is observed in the experimental observations. Blunt notched specimens show a reasonable correlation between prediction and theory for the tensile LUCF cycle. Problems have been found in predicting the effect of various prestress cycles in different specimens due to the inherent variability in baseline fracture behaviour of the weld metal. It is concluded that the general trend of results is adequately explained by superposition models but that a greater understanding of local flow properties at a crack tip is required to achieve reasonable predictive success for weld metals such as A533BW.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1111/j.1460-2695.1996.tb00985.x
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  • 3
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    AN INVESTIGATION OF THE WARM PRESTRESSING (WPS) EFFECT IN A533B WELD METAL (1992)
    Oxford, UK : Blackwell Publishing Ltd
    Fatigue & fracture of engineering materials & structures 15 (1992), S. 0 
    Details
    ISSN: 1460-2695
    Source: Blackwell Publishing Journal Backfiles 1879-2005
    Topics: Mechanical Engineering, Materials Science, Production Engineering, Mining and Metallurgy, Traffic Engineering, Precision Mechanics
    Notes: Abstract— The WPS effect has been shown to be beneficial in increasing the lower shelf fracture toughness of A533B weld metal for both the load-unload-cool-fracture (LUCF) and the load-cool-fracture (LCF) cycles. The LCF cycle gives a greater apparent increase in fracture toughness than the LUCF cycle but only a small increment of load in the lower shelf region is needed to propagate failure compared with a much increased fracture load which is required in the LUCF case. Models predicting the increase in apparent fracture toughness by superposition of the stress and strain distributions from each step in the prestress cycle are shown to be non-conservative for failures occurring in the lower shelf brittle regime. There is evidence for the operation of a “microcrack blunting” mechanism, but the extent to which it contributes to the WPS effect is small. Stress-relief heat-treatments after prestressing remove nearly all the beneficial effects of WPS. Residual stresses clearly play an important role in the WPS phenomenon, and the models successfully predict experimentally observed trends. Prestressing “deactivates” failure initiation from the larger inclusions in the weld metal. This however does not affect the intrinsic fracture toughness of the material. Fracture in this weld metal, where initiation sites (inclusions) abound, appears to be a co-operative process, and fracture is controlled by inclusions of the mean (and hence most plentiful) diameter rather than the maximum diameter.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1111/j.1460-2695.1992.tb01261.x
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  • 4
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    TRANSIENT RETARDATIONS IN FATIGUE CRACK GROWTH FOLLOWING A SINGLE PEAK OVERLOAD (1991)
    Oxford, UK : Blackwell Publishing Ltd
    Fatigue & fracture of engineering materials & structures 14 (1991), S. 0 
    Details
    ISSN: 1460-2695
    Source: Blackwell Publishing Journal Backfiles 1879-2005
    Topics: Mechanical Engineering, Materials Science, Production Engineering, Mining and Metallurgy, Traffic Engineering, Precision Mechanics
    Notes: Retardation in the fatigue crack growth rate following the application of a single peak overload in a fatigue loading sequence has been studied for a low carbon structural steel. Tests have been performed at load ratios of R= 0.2 and R= 0.6 at a baseline stress intensity range, ΔKb, corresponding to fatigue crack growth rates in the Paris regime. Single peak overloads were applied at a crack-length to specimen-width ratio of a/W= 0.5. At the load ratio of R= 0.6 monotonic or “static” fracture modes were observed upon application of the overload, and these produced an immediate increase in growth rate. A subsequent retardation is attributed to the presence of a residual compressive stress field ahead of the crack tip. A similar retardation was observed at a load ratio of 0.2. The importance of residual stress was established by performing stress relieving experiments. In addition, removal of the surface deformation after an overload by machining “T” sidegrooves resulted in an extended transient, which could not be explained by residual machining stresses.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1111/j.1460-2695.1991.tb00700.x
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  • 5
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    THE PROPAGATION OF NON-COPLANAR SEMI-ELLIPTICAL FATIGUE CRACKS (1991)
    Oxford, UK : Blackwell Publishing Ltd
    Fatigue & fracture of engineering materials & structures 14 (1991), S. 0 
    Details
    ISSN: 1460-2695
    Source: Blackwell Publishing Journal Backfiles 1879-2005
    Topics: Mechanical Engineering, Materials Science, Production Engineering, Mining and Metallurgy, Traffic Engineering, Precision Mechanics
    Notes: Abstract— The results of fatigue tests on specimens containing parallel offset and parallel collinear configurations of multiple non-coplanar cracks are presented. The fatigue growth of parallel collinear cracks is shown to be significantly affected by crack-tip shielding and parallel offset cracks are shown to grow almost independently before their adjacent tips overlap. Subsequent growth in the region of overlap results in coalescence which begins when the deviating crack tips come into contact below the surfaces of the specimens. Simplified predictions of the propagation of offset non-coplanar semi-elliptical cracks are also presented and their implications for the prediction of fatigue lives in structures containing offset coplanar cracks are assessed.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1111/j.1460-2695.1991.tb00641.x
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  • 6
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    A STUDY OF THE INTERACTION AND COALESCENCE OF TWO COPLANAR FATIGUE CRACKS IN BENDING (1989)
    Oxford, UK : Blackwell Publishing Ltd
    Fatigue & fracture of engineering materials & structures 12 (1989), S. 0 
    Details
    ISSN: 1460-2695
    Source: Blackwell Publishing Journal Backfiles 1879-2005
    Topics: Mechanical Engineering, Materials Science, Production Engineering, Mining and Metallurgy, Traffic Engineering, Precision Mechanics
    Notes: Abstract— This paper reports the results of an experimental and numerical investigation of the interaction and coalescence of two coplanar semi-elliptical cracks. Fatigue crack growth data were obtained from a four-point bend specimen using the direct current potential difference method and a beachmarking technique. A finite element simulation of the experimental conditions was also performed. Crack advance was computed from the Paris equation on a step by step basis. Good agreement between experimental fatigue crack growth data and the finite element predictions is demonstrated.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1111/j.1460-2695.1989.tb00524.x
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  • 7
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    OVERLOAD RETARDATION OF FATIGUE CRACK GROWTH IN A 9%Cr 1%Mo STEEL AT ELEVATED TEMPERATURES (1993)
    Oxford, UK : Blackwell Publishing Ltd
    Fatigue & fracture of engineering materials & structures 16 (1993), S. 0 
    Details
    ISSN: 1460-2695
    Source: Blackwell Publishing Journal Backfiles 1879-2005
    Topics: Mechanical Engineering, Materials Science, Production Engineering, Mining and Metallurgy, Traffic Engineering, Precision Mechanics
    Notes: This paper describes an investigation into the effects of a single-peak tensile overload on fatigue crack propagation in a 9%Cr 1 %Mo steel. Overloads were applied during cycling at a constant stress intensity range (ΔK), and any consequent transients in growth rate were recorded. The severity of retardation rises as the magnitude of the applied overload is increased. The effect of temperature is complex, but a 525˚C retardation is significantly less marked than at 25 or 225˚C. Signs of crack face contact are seen on post-overload fracture surfaces, but there is little crack branching. The dominant cause of overload retardation in this steel appears to be plasticity-induced closure. At 525˚C, post-overload dwell periods significantly reduce the severity of retardations. This is not observed at lower temperatures, indicating that the residual clamping stresses that lead to closure are gradually relieved at 525˚C.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1111/j.1460-2695.1993.tb00070.x
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  • 8
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    FATIGUE CRACK GROWTH FROM SMALL SEMI-ELLIPTIC HYDROGEN-INDUCED CRACKS IN QIN STEEL (1989)
    Oxford, UK : Blackwell Publishing Ltd
    Fatigue & fracture of engineering materials & structures 12 (1989), S. 0 
    Details
    ISSN: 1460-2695
    Source: Blackwell Publishing Journal Backfiles 1879-2005
    Topics: Mechanical Engineering, Materials Science, Production Engineering, Mining and Metallurgy, Traffic Engineering, Precision Mechanics
    Notes: Abstract— Small semi-elliptic hydrogen-induced cracks were produced in QIN (HY80) steel. Fatigue crack growth rate behaviour and threshold values for these cracks were investigated at several positive stress ratios (R= 0.2 to 0.7) and compared with results from long through-cracks. At low R values the hydrogen-induced cracks gave higher thresholds, and lower crack growth rates at the same nominal ΔK value in the near threshold region. At high R values the growth rates of both crack types were almost identical. The results are explained by a combination of crack tip blunting and roughness induced closure of the intergranular hydrogen crack.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1111/j.1460-2695.1989.tb00565.x
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  • 9
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    FRACTURE CHARACTERISTICS OF BOROSILICATE GLASSES REINFORCED BY METALLIC PARTICLES (1997)
    Oxford, UK : Blackwell Publishing Ltd
    Fatigue & fracture of engineering materials & structures 20 (1997), S. 0 
    Details
    ISSN: 1460-2695
    Source: Blackwell Publishing Journal Backfiles 1879-2005
    Topics: Mechanical Engineering, Materials Science, Production Engineering, Mining and Metallurgy, Traffic Engineering, Precision Mechanics
    Notes: Abstract— The fracture behaviour of borosilicate glass reinforced by molybdenum and/or vanadium particles has been investigated. For the addition of 5 vol% molybdenum particles, two processing procedures have been tested and the influence of volume fraction of vanadium particles (in the range 2 to 30 vol%) on fracture resistance has been assessed. The use of chevron-notched specimens in three-point bending has been shown to be a reliable method for the evaluation of fracture toughness even at toughness levels of order 0.7 to 1.3 MPa √m. The existence of subtle differences in fracture behaviour of glass-composites having comparable volume fractions of molybdenum particles but obtained by two different processing procedures has been established by statistical treatment of the fracture toughness data. An increase in the volume fraction of metallic particles results in an increase of the fracture resistance and the measured fracture toughness level. Toughening mechanisms which have been identified include both the plastic deformation of particles and the bridging of cracks by ductile particles. Some particle cleavage and debonding has been observed, which indicates that a decrease in particle plasticity, probably induced by processing or due to constraints imposed by the rigid matrix, is responsible for a smaller than expected enhancement of the fracture toughness.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1111/j.1460-2695.1997.tb01484.x
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  • 10
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    AN ASSESSMENT OF CRACK CLOSURE AND THE EXTENT OF THE SHORT CRACK REGIME IN Q1N (HY80) STEEL (1985)
    Oxford, UK : Blackwell Publishing Ltd
    Fatigue & fracture of engineering materials & structures 8 (1985), S. 0 
    Details
    ISSN: 1460-2695
    Source: Blackwell Publishing Journal Backfiles 1879-2005
    Topics: Mechanical Engineering, Materials Science, Production Engineering, Mining and Metallurgy, Traffic Engineering, Precision Mechanics
    Notes: Abstract— The paper addresses some aspects of the differences in fatigue crack growth rate behaviour and threshold values obtained for long through-cracks, short through-cracks and surface cracks. Attention is focused on plasticity induced closure in the wake behind the growing crack tip. For long cracks at high Kmax, closure is found to depend in a linear manner on Kmax, i.e. Kop, increases with the size of the monotonic plastic zone. Closure increases at low δK and this is primarily a consequence of the load shedding procedure. If short through-cracks are prepared by machining specimens containing long cracks, a substantial part of the plastic wake is removed and this can produce marked effects on the closure contribution during subsequent growth. The length of crack “closed” in a long crack threshold test was found to be of the order of 1 mm. Cracks less than this length exhibited “short crack” behaviour: greater than this length, they behaved as “long cracks”, with plastic wake effects apparently fully operative. Small surface cracks exhibit “long crack” behaviour at lengths as short as 0.2 mm and reasons for this are discussed.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1111/j.1460-2695.1985.tb01202.x
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