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  • 1
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    Chapter 2 Governance of Artificial Intelligence (2022)
    Taylor & Francis | CRC Press
    Details
    Publication Date: 2024-04-14
    Description: This chapter aims to contribute to AI research by providing insights into policy dynamics and content. Using concepts and insights from social studies of emerging sciences and technologies such as performative function of hypes and expectations as well as collaboration and competition dynamics in emerging fields helps to make sense of emerging AI policies, politics and governance, to contextualise recent AI policies and governance in a longer-term development of emerging technologies and to critically reflect on them.
    Keywords: Public policy; governance; development; AI; Artificial Intelligence; international trends; policy frames ; thema EDItEUR::U Computing and Information Technology::UY Computer science::UYD Systems analysis and design
    Language: English
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    E-BOOK
  • 2
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    NOAA/West Coast and Alaska Tsunami Warning Center response criteria (2009)
    Tsunami Society
    Details
    Publication Date: 2022-05-25
    Description: This paper is not subject to U.S. copyright. The definitive version was published in Science of Tsunami Hazards 28, no. 2 (2009): 86-107.
    Description: West Coast/Alaska Tsunami Warning Center (WCATWC) response criteria for earthquakes occurring in the Atlantic and Caribbean basins are presented. Initial warning center decisions are based on an earthquake’s location, magnitude, depth, distance from coastal locations, and precomputed threat estimates based on tsunami models computed from similar events. The new criteria will help limit the geographical extent of warnings and advisories to threatened regions, and complement the new operational tsunami product suite. Criteria are set for tsunamis generated by earthquakes, which are by far the main cause of tsunami generation (either directly through sea floor displacement or indirectly by triggering of sub-sea landslides). The new criteria require development of a threat data base which sets warning or advisory zones based on location, magnitude, and pre-computed tsunami models. The models determine coastal tsunami amplitudes based on likely tsunami source parameters for a given event. Based on the computed amplitude, warning and advisory zones are pre-set.
    Repository Name: Woods Hole Open Access Server
    Type: Article
    Format: application/pdf
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    PAPER (OA)
  • 3
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Predicting mutation frequencies in stem–loop structures of derepressed genes: implications for evolution (2003)
    Oxford, UK : Blackwell Science Ltd
    Molecular microbiology 48 (2003), S. 0 
    Details
    ISSN: 1365-2958
    Source: Blackwell Publishing Journal Backfiles 1879-2005
    Topics: Biology , Medicine
    Notes: This work provides evidence that, during transcription, the mutability (propensity to mutate) of a base in a DNA secondary structure depends both on the stability of the structure and on the extent to which the base is unpaired. Zuker's DNA folding computer program reveals the most probable stem–loop structures (SLSs) and negative energies of folding (–ΔG) for any given nucleotide sequence. We developed an interfacing program that calculates (i) the percentage of folds in which each base is unpaired during transcription; and (ii) the mutability index (MI) for each base, expressed as an absolute value and defined as ­follows: MI = (% total folds in which the base is unpaired) × (highest –ΔG of all folds in which it is unpaired). Thus, MIs predict the relative mutation or reversion frequencies of unpaired bases in SLSs. MIs for 16 mutable bases in auxotrophs, selected during starvation in derepressed genes, are compared with 70 background mutations in lacI and ebgR that were not derepressed during mutant selection. All the results are consistent with the location of known mutable bases in SLSs. Specific conclusions are: (i) Of 16 mutable bases in transcribing genes, 87% have higher MIs than the average base of the sequence analysed, compared with 50% for the 70 background mutations. (ii) In 15 of the mutable bases of transcribing genes, the correlation between MIs and relative mutation frequencies determined experimentally is good. There is no correlation for 35 mutable bases in the lacI gene. (iii) In derepressed auxotrophs, 100% of the codons containing the mutable bases are within one codon's length of a stem, compared with 53% for the background mutable bases in lacI. (iv) The data suggest that environmental stressors may cause as well      as     select     mutations     in     derepressed     genes. The implications of these results for evolution are discussed.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1046/j.1365-2958.2003.t01-1-03436.x
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    Paper (German National Licenses)
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  • 4
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    The criticality of component forming and tinning in a high-reliability low-volume facility (1998)
    Bradford : Emerald
    Soldering & surface mount technology 10 (1998), S. 19-25 
    Details
    ISSN: 0954-0911
    Source: Emerald Fulltext Archive Database 1994-2005
    Topics: Mechanical Engineering, Materials Science, Production Engineering, Mining and Metallurgy, Traffic Engineering, Precision Mechanics
    Notes: Dealing with forming and tinning in a low-volume high-reliability environment is a never-ending challenge. This process is one of the most critical steps in SMT fabrication. The effects of forming and tinning contribute to a majority of the defects found at final inspection. The intention of this paper is to describe in detail the forming and tinning process and all that it entails. The topics include: forming, tinning, converting to an automated process, process control techniques, and statistical process capability.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1108/09540919810219930
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  • 5
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Influence of resource topography on pollinator flight directionality of two species of bees (1989)
    Springer
    Journal of insect behavior 2 (1989), S. 453-472 
    Details
    ISSN: 1572-8889
    Keywords: Apis Mellifera ; Bombus Pennsylvanicus ; pollination ; flight ; directionality ; search ; red clover ; artificial flower ; foraging
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Biology
    Notes: Abstract Analyses of the search patterns of ApisMellifera workers foraging on artificial inflorescences and Bombus Pennsylvanicusqueens foraging on inflorescences of red clover are used to identify a general rule specifying intrapatch search patterns. Bees land, move about the inflorescences in search of nectar, and come to a last-faced position from which takeoff occurs. Last-faced directions are generated by a forward-moving tendency while probing artificial inflorescences or real florets. This tendency is modulated by restricted bee locomotion, caused by the size and shape of the visited inflorescence and the spatial distribution of florets within such inflorescences. The result is that bees tend to circle inflorescences. The process is terminated with an undefined stopping rule, whereupon bees usually depart in the direction they last face. The last-faced direction is a by-product of intrafloral search and becomes less associated with arrival directions as intrafloral search continues. Pollinator flight directionality is usually represented as a frequency distribution of angular changes in direction which typically has a mean near 0° and a variance that increases with increases in energy gain. We show that these characteristics are artifacts of pooling mirror-image movement data sets;a mean of 0° is the result of canceling the means of the left- and right-hand turns. The putative increased variance associated with energy gain is the result of adding the variances associated with left- and right-handed turns. These computational artifacts may be avoided by changing the sign of the left-handed turns prior to pooling with the right-handed turns (or vice versa). Pooling bee visits based only on the number of florets probed can destroy information relevant to studies examining behavioral mechanisms of flight directionality. Analytical problems encountered when turns exceed 360° are also addressed.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/BF01053348
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  • 6
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Phase II evaluation of MGBG in non-small cell carcinoma of the lung (1983)
    Springer
    Investigational new drugs 1 (1983), S. 89-93 
    Details
    ISSN: 1573-0646
    Keywords: methyl-glyoxal-bis-guanylhydrazone ; MGBG ; non-small cell carcinoma of the lung
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Chemistry and Pharmacology , Medicine
    Notes: Summary One hundred and eight patients with non-small cell lung cancer were treated in a Phase II trial with MGBG at a dose of 600 mg/m2 i.v. weekly. Partial responses were noted in 3/43 patients with adenocarcinoma and 1/40 with squamous cell carcinoma. No responses were noted in 24 patients with large cell carcinoma. Overall, the drug was reasonably well-tolerated. At this dosage and schedule, MGBG has no substantial antitumor activity for patients with non-small cell lung cancer.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/BF00180196
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  • 7
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Methyl-glyoxal bis guanyl hydrazone (methyl-GAG, MGBG) in advanced breast cancer (1984)
    Springer
    Investigational new drugs 2 (1984), S. 71-73 
    Details
    ISSN: 1573-0646
    Keywords: methyl-GAG ; MGBG ; breast cancer
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Chemistry and Pharmacology , Medicine
    Notes: Summary The Southwest Oncology Group has evaluated methyl-GAG on a weekly schedule among patients with metastatic breast cancer. Among 72 fully and partial evaluable patients, one complete and four partial responses were seen. Toxicity was similar to other trials with this compound except for thrombocytopenia which was more frequent and severe and probably related to tumor infiltrating marrow. In addition, one patient experienced recall dermatitis following methyl-GAG. This toxicity has not been previously reported with this compound. Methyl-GAG has minimal activity at this dose and schedule among heavily pretreated patients with breast cancer.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/BF00173789
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  • 8
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Mitoxantrone in advanced breast cancer: a phase II trial of the Southwest Oncology Group (1983)
    Springer
    Investigational new drugs 1 (1983), S. 181-184 
    Details
    ISSN: 1573-0646
    Keywords: mitoxantrone ; breast cancer
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Chemistry and Pharmacology , Medicine
    Notes: Summary 124 patients with metastatic breast cancer were entered into this phase II trial of mitoxantrone (DHAD). Patients were stratified prior to treatment as good or poor risk, and whether they had received previous therapy with an anthracycline derivative. Mitoxantrone was given every 21 days at a starting dose of 12 mg/m2 for good risk patients and 10 mg/m2 for poor risk patients. Among the group who had not received anthracyclines, 12 are fully or partially evaluable for response with five classified as good risk. One complete response, ongoing at 52 weeks was seen in this group. Of the seven poor risk patients, stable disease was seen in two. 103 patients with prior anthracycline exposure are fully or partially evaluable, 31 good risk and 72 poor risk. There were three partial responses in each group. Toxicity was primarily myelosuppression, and was more severe in the poor risk group. Mitoxantrone when used on this schedule has minimal activity among heavily pretreated patients with metastatic breast cancer.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/BF00172078
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  • 9
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    High dose chemotherapy with autologous marrow rescue in the treatment of resistant solid tumors (1983)
    Springer
    Investigational new drugs 1 (1983), S. 321-329 
    Details
    ISSN: 1573-0646
    Keywords: autologous marrow transplantation ; high dose chemotherapy ; resistant cancer
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Chemistry and Pharmacology , Medicine
    Notes: Summary Toxicity in the form of marrow suppression has hampered the investigation of intensive chemotherapy as it applies to the treatment of solid tumors. The use of autologous marrow rescue to ameliorate protracted aplasia permits the application of high dose chemotherapy to the treatment of solid tumors. We review the theoretical limitations of this technique and present results reported in selected solid tumors. Autologous marrow rescue from intensive chemotherapy is an innovative approach in overcoming the resistence to chemotherapy that is typical of solid tumors. The role of this therapy in the treatment of solid tumors remains to be defined.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/BF00177416
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  • 10
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Institutional Research: Knowledge, Skills, and Perceptions of Effectiveness (1997)
    Springer
    Research in higher education 38 (1997), S. 419-433 
    Details
    ISSN: 1573-188X
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Nature of Science, Research, Systems of Higher Education, Museum Science
    Notes: Abstract Terenzini (1993) approached the issue of institutional research effectiveness by articulating three tiers of organizational intelligence necessary for effective institutional researchers. Responses (n = 601) from a nationwide survey of AIR members provided for an empirical investigation based on this concept. The study examined the existence and acquisition of examples of institutional research knowledge and skills and how they relate to perceptions of effectiveness. Participants indicated that they were effective in their functions and reported that they possessed examples of the technical, issues, and (to a lesser extent) contextual knowledge and skills articulated by Terenzini. Multiple regression revealed the relationships between background characteristics, knowledge and skills in institutional research, and perceptions of effectiveness to be minimal, however. The authors conclude that an institutional researcher's effectiveness can perhaps only be adequately evaluated relative to institutional culture and expectations and leaders' personalities and orientation toward decision making.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1023/A:1024910409653
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