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  • 1
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Formation of ethylene glycol and trimethylamine from choline by Candida tropicalis (1988)
    Oxford, UK : Blackwell Publishing Ltd
    FEMS microbiology letters 51 (1988), S. 0 
    Details
    ISSN: 1574-6968
    Source: Blackwell Publishing Journal Backfiles 1879-2005
    Topics: Biology
    Notes: Abstract The degradation of choline by Candida tropicalis cells grown in a medium containing choline as a nitrogen source was examined. The degradation of choline by resting cells was stimulated by the addition of Cu2+ or glutathione, and inhibited by 2-mercaptoethanol or potassium cyanide. With feeding of [1,2-14C]choline in the resting cell reaction, the release of 14C-labelled ethylene glycol was observed on radio-gas-liquid chromatography. Ethylene glycol, as one of the degradation products, was also observed on thin-layer and gas-liquid chromatographies, and mass spectrometry. Thus, it is suggested that choline is converted to ethylene glycol and trimethylamine by C. tropicalis.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1111/j.1574-6968.1988.tb02965.x
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  • 2
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    α-Glucose-1-phosphate formation by a novel trehalose phosphorylase from Flammulina velutipes (1988)
    Oxford, UK : Blackwell Publishing Ltd
    FEMS microbiology letters 55 (1988), S. 0 
    Details
    ISSN: 1574-6968
    Source: Blackwell Publishing Journal Backfiles 1879-2005
    Topics: Biology
    Notes: A novel type of trehalose phosphorylase was found in a basidiomycete. Flammulina velutipes. The enzyme catalyzes both the reversible phosphorolysis of trehalose to form α-glucose 1-phosphate and glucose and also the synthesis of trehalose. Comparison of the specific activity of trehalose phosphorylase with that of trehalase suggested that the function of the former enzyme was more important in the fruit-bodies of this fungus.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1111/j.1574-6968.1988.tb13924.x
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  • 3
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    A simple method for protoplast formation and improvement of protoplast regeneration from various fungi using an enzyme from Trichoderma harzianum (1988)
    Springer
    Applied microbiology and biotechnology 28 (1988), S. 445-450 
    Details
    ISSN: 1432-0614
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Biology , Process Engineering, Biotechnology, Nutrition Technology
    Notes: Summary An enzyme from Trichoderma harzianum dissolved the cell walls of a wide range of filamentous fungi belonging to Basidiomycotina, Ascomycotina, Deuteromycotina, and Zygomycotina and so could be used to make protoplasts. A lyophilized preparation of the Trichoderma enzyme had about 0.3 units/mg β-1,3-glucanase activity and 0.36 units/mg chitinase activity. About twice as many protoplasts were produced from different species of fungi by a single treatment with this enzyme than with combined commercial enzymes. The greatest number of protoplasts could be produced from most of the fungi by incubation for about 2 h t 30°C, but the number was decreased by incubation for more than 4 h or by use of a higher dose of the enzyme. An enzyme prepared by bentonite treatment from the original Trichoderma enzyme had less proteinase activity and protoplasts were fairly stable with this product during incubation for 8 h. Protoplasts produced by the proteinase-reduced preparation of the Trichoderma enzyme from three fungi regenerated at about 1.8 times the rate of those produced by the original enzyme.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/BF00268212
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  • 4
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    An action spectrum for photoinduction of pileus formation in a basidiomycete, Favolus arcularius (1974)
    Springer
    Planta 119 (1974), S. 81-84 
    Details
    ISSN: 1432-2048
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Biology
    Notes: Summary The action spectrum for photoinduction of pileus formation in Favolus arcularius (Fr.) Ames. shows four maxima, at ca. 375–385, 420, 446, and 480 nm, and minima near 365, 400, 435, and 470 nm. Wavelengths above 510 nm were ineffective. The maxima coincided with four of the six maxima for primordium formation of this fungus, but the two maxima for the latter around 398 and 514 nm could not be detected. The photosensitive region for the initiation of pileus formation was localized in the apical region of the stipes.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/BF00390824
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  • 5
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Nuclear selection in monokaryotization of dikaryotic mycelia ofPholiota nameko as described by leading and following nuclei (1995)
    Springer
    Mycoscience 36 (1995), S. 413-420 
    Details
    ISSN: 1618-2545
    Keywords: conjugate nuclear division ; monokaryotization ; nuclear selection ; Pholiota nameko
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Biology
    Notes: Abstract To examine monokaryotization of dikaryotic mycelia ofPholiota nameko, 18 monokaryotic stocks were used to produce a total of 130 dikaryotic stocks by reciprocal crossing. Monokaryotized mycelium was raised from dikaryotic mycelium in the peripheral zone of the growing colony. The stocks mated with a particular group of monokaryons produced wide-range monokaryotization at higher rates than the other combinations of hybridization. The growth rates of the monokaryotized mycelia exceeded from those of the corresponding parental dikaryons. The monokaryotized mycelium was isolated and back-crossed to parental monokaryotic stocks. Most of the isolates had nuclear types similar to only one of the parental stocks, while the replicates of isolates from two dikaryotic hybrids showed split nuclear type compositions. It is suggested that a relative dominance is active in the selection of one of the two nuclei of the dikaryotic cells in monokaryotization. The hierarchy of relative dominance among nuclei of 18 parental monokaryotic stocks in the monokaryotization of their reciprocal crossing products was estimated. We propose the involvement of a cascade process in dikaryotic cell division, in which the first dividing nucleus (to be found in the monokaryotized cell) may act as the “leading nucleus” and the other one as the “following nucleus.”
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/BF02268625
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  • 6
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Survey of α-glucose 1-phosphate forming trehalose phosphorylase and trehalase in various fungi including basidiomycetous mushrooms (1998)
    Springer
    Mycoscience 39 (1998), S. 327-331 
    Details
    ISSN: 1618-2545
    Keywords: basidiomycetes ; α-glucose 1-phosphate ; mushroom ; trehalase ; trehalose phosphorylase
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Biology
    Notes: Abstract The distribution of α-glucose 1-phosphate forming (α-type) trehalose phosphorylase and trehalase activities in various fungi was surveyed. α-Type phosphorylase occurred in the mycelia and fruit-bodies of Agaricales and Aphyllophorales in the Holobasidiomycetidae, and at least one species of Gasteromycetes, but not in Tremellaceae or Auriculariales of the Phragmobasidiomycetidae, Heterobasidiomycetes or Hemibasidiomycetes. The test fungi in the Ascomycotina and Deuteromycotina, and the yeasts of Basidiomycotina, showed different trehalase activities, but no trehalose phosphorylase activity. The test organisms showed different levels of trehalase activity. The fruit-bodies of most mushrooms showed higher activities of α-type trehalose phosphorylase than did the mycelia.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/BF02464016
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  • 7
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Effects of high-temperature treatment on two essential light processes and an intervening dark process in photoinduced pileus primordium formation of a basidiomycete,Favolus arcularius (1999)
    Springer
    Mycoscience 40 (1999), S. 103-108 
    Details
    ISSN: 1618-2545
    Keywords: basidiomycete ; Favolus arcularius ; high-temperature effect ; photomorphogenesis ; pileus formation
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Biology
    Notes: Abstract The photoinduced formation of pileus primordia inFavolus arcularius involves two essential light processes and an inserting dark process. The nature of these elementary proceses in epileate stipes was examined by the use of high temperature under a 1-h light-7-h dark-continuous light regimen. Epileate stipes were exposed to a temperature treatment of 37°C for 15 min after the beginning of pileus primordium formation, which disrupted the photomorphogenetic progress without any after-effects. When high temperature was applied in the first light process or the early phase of the dark process, it completely voided the established career. A temperature-sensitive key dark reaction may have occurred in the period of 0–2 h. When high temperature was applied during the late phase of the dark period, it caused only a delay in pileus primordium, formation, suggesting that the high temperature might only retard the progression of the dark morphogenetic reaction in this period. In addition, the early phase of the second light process was effectively disrupted by the use of high temperature, but sensitivity to high temperature gradually decreased with the progress of pileus differentiation.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/BF02464288
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  • 8
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Morphological and cytological aspects of oidium formation in a basidiomycete,Pholiota nameko (1999)
    Springer
    Mycoscience 40 (1999), S. 95-101 
    Details
    ISSN: 1618-2545
    Keywords: basidiomycete ; mushroom ; nuclear behavior ; oidium formation ; Pholiota nameko
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Biology
    Notes: Abstract Pholiota nameko produced abundant oidia on aerial hyphae from monokaryotic and dikaryotic test stocks, but oidia were rare on submerged hyphae. The oidia from the former stocks had a layer of hydrophobic protein between the cell wall and the inner cell membrane which was absent in the oidia from the latter. The only remarkable differences in the morphological features of the oidia from monokaryotic and dikaryotic mycelia was the slightly larger size of the latter. Observation of various test stocks on slide cultures revealed that about 80% of oidia were produced from the secondary branched hypha, and about 20% from the terminal hyphal, cell of the main hypha. In the former, the secondary hyphae were segmented to form several oidium cells; in the latter, a single or several oidia were formed at the terminal end of the main hypha. Most oidia from monokaryons and dikaryons had only one haploid nucleus, while the remainders were multinucleate. Among the stocks tested, most oidia had a DNA content with a haploid amount at the G1 phase of the cell cycle, but a few contained twice that amount corresponding to the G2 phase
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/BF02464287
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  • 9
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Purification and properties of α-glucose 1-phosphate-forming trehalose phosphorylase from a basidiomycete,Pleurotus ostreatus (2000)
    Springer
    Mycoscience 41 (2000), S. 607-613 
    Details
    ISSN: 1618-2545
    Keywords: basidiomycete ; α-glucose 1-phosphate formation ; Pleurotus ostreatus ; trehalose ; trehalose phosphorylase
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Biology
    Notes: Abstract Pleurotus ostreatus produced a high activity of α-glucose 1-phosphate (α-Glc 1-P) forming trehalose phosphorylase in vegetative mycelia and fruit-bodies. The enzyme was purified to homogeneity from the fruit-bodies by a procedure involving ammonium sulfate fractionation, DEAE-cellulose column chromatographies and cellulose phosphate column chromatographies. The enzyme catalyzes both the phosphorolysis of trehalose to produce α-Glc 1-P and glucose, and the synthesis of trehalose. It was not active toward other α- or β-glucosyl disaccharides and polysaccharides. The optimum pH was 7.0 for phosphorolysis and 6.4 for synthesis of trehalose. The Km values for trehalose and Pi in phospholytic reaction were 75 mM and 4.2 mM, respectively. Those for glucose and α-Glc 1-P in synthetic reaction were 505 mM and 38 mM, respectively. The estimated molecular mass by the sedimentation equilibrium method using an ultracentrifuge was 120 kDa. The molecular mass of the subunit (61 kDa) by SDS-polyacrylamide gel electrophoresis suggested that the enzyme was a dimer of two identical subunits. The addition of glycerol higher than 25% into the enzyme solution stabilized its activity. The removal of phosphorus ions from the enzyme solution, by means of dialysis or electrophoresis, caused inactivation of the enzyme, probably by dissociation of the holoenzyme into the subunit proteins.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/BF02460927
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  • 10
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Activation of intracellular and extracellular phenol oxidases in photoinduced fruit-body formation ofFavolus arcularius (2000)
    Springer
    Mycoscience 41 (2000), S. 641-644 
    Details
    ISSN: 1618-2545
    Keywords: Favolus arcularius ; fruit-body development ; fruit-body initiation ; phenol oxidase ; photomorphogenesis
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Biology
    Notes: Abstract The activation of intracellular phenol oxidase (PO) was associated with the photoinduced fruit-body initiation inFavolus arcularius. The second activation of PO activity was also photoinduced in the rapidly developing stipe after the formation of pileus primordium under light exposure. However, the activity levels in the pileus and the mycelium remained low even in the cultures exposed to light. The extracellular PO activity in the culture filtrate also appears to be developmentally regulated: it rose sharply after primordium formation in the light, then decreased rapidly during further development of the fruit-body.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/BF02460931
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