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  • 1
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Woodbury, NY : American Institute of Physics (AIP)
    Applied Physics Letters 69 (1996), S. 4023-4025 
    ISSN: 1077-3118
    Source: AIP Digital Archive
    Topics: Physics
    Notes: Cubic boron nitride (c-BN) film was deposited on Si(100) substrate using the chemical vapor deposition process assisted by high density plasma of Helicon wave with Borazine (B3N3H6) precursor. It was found that the bombardment of ions with high flux and energy onto the film was necessarily required for synthesizing a c-BN film. Increasing a negative rf bias on the substrate increased the formation fraction of c-BN in the film. A nearly pure c-BN phase was synthesized at the conditions of plasma density in the reactor and rf substrate bias, above 1011 cm−3 and −350 V, respectively. The phase identification of BN film was carried out by the transmission electron microscopy as well as Fourier transformed infrared spectroscopy. The infrared spectra for c-BN film synthesized at the rf bias of −350 V appeared at 1093 cm−1 with a strong single peak, which is close to a value for the characteristic vibration mode of bulk c-BN (1065 cm−1). The c-BN in the film was also confirmed and found to be a fine poly-crystalline with the grain sizes ranging from 200 to 400 A(ring). © 1996 American Institute of Physics.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
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  • 2
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Woodbury, NY : American Institute of Physics (AIP)
    Applied Physics Letters 76 (2000), S. 1552-1554 
    ISSN: 1077-3118
    Source: AIP Digital Archive
    Topics: Physics
    Notes: A nitridated layer of c-plane sapphire was studied by using synchrotron x-ray reflectivity and diffraction measurements. The nitridation of the sapphire surface produced an epitaxial AlN layer with a low mosaicity (1 arcmin) normal to the surface. The nitridation temperature determined the limiting thickness for the nitridated layer. Excessive nitridation beyond the limiting thickness caused strain relaxation by a reduction of lateral domain size and an increase in lateral mosaicity. Therefore, the nitridated layer with compressive strain may provide better nucleation sites for the subsequent GaN overlayer growth than the strain-relaxed one. © 2000 American Institute of Physics.
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  • 3
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Oxford, UK : Blackwell Publishing Ltd
    Journal of the American Water Resources Association 41 (2005), S. 0 
    ISSN: 1752-1688
    Source: Blackwell Publishing Journal Backfiles 1879-2005
    Topics: Architecture, Civil Engineering, Surveying , Geography
    Notes: The separation of the base flow component from a varying streamflow hydrograph is called “hydrograph analysis.” In this study, two digital filter based separation modules, the BFLOW and Eckhardt filters, were incorporated into the Web based Hydrograph Analysis Tool (WHAT) system. A statistical component was also developed to provide fundamental information for flow frequency analysis and time series analysis. The Web Geographic Information System (GIS) version of the WHAT system accesses and uses U.S. Geological Survey (USGS) daily streamflow data from the USGS web server. The results from the Eckhardt filter method were compared with the results from the BFLOW filter method that was previously validated, since measured base flow data were not available for this study. Following validation, the two digital filter methods in the WHAT system were run for 50 Indiana gaging stations. The Nash-Sutcliffe coefficient values comparing the results of the two digital filter methods were over 0.91 for all 50 gaging stations, suggesting the filtered base flow using the Eckhardt filter method will typically match measured base flow. Manual separation of base flow from streamflow can lead to inconsistency in the results, while the WHAT system provides consistent results in less than a minute. Although base flow separation algorithms in the WHAT system cannot consider reservoir release and snowmelt that can affect stream hydrographs, the Web based WHAT system provides an efficient tool for hydrologic model calibration and validation. The base flow information from the WHAT system can also play an important role for sustainable ground water and surface water exploitation, including irrigation and industrial uses, and estimation of pollutant loading from both base flow and direct runoff. Thus, best management practices can be appropriately applied to reduce and intercept pollutant leaching if base flow contributes significant amounts of pollutants to the stream. This Web GIS based system also demonstrates how remote, distributed resources can be shared through the Internet using Web programming.
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  • 4
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    s.l. ; Stafa-Zurich, Switzerland
    Key engineering materials Vol. 261-263 (Apr. 2004), p. 1169-1178 
    ISSN: 1013-9826
    Source: Scientific.Net: Materials Science & Technology / Trans Tech Publications Archiv 1984-2008
    Topics: Mechanical Engineering, Materials Science, Production Engineering, Mining and Metallurgy, Traffic Engineering, Precision Mechanics
    Notes: In the fatigue tests of specimens, sufficiently large tensile overload included in cyclic constant amplitude loading causes the retardation in fatigue crack growth. Crack retardation remains for some period of time after the overloading. The number of cycles in the retarded crack growth has been shown to be related to the plastic zone developed due to the overload. The magnitude of the elastic-plastic zone around the crack tip of DENT(Double Edge Notched Tension) specimen after a overloading was measured by ESPI(Electronic Speckle Pattern Interferometry) system. The fatigue crack growth rate also was measured by a traveling microscope. The relationship between the measured magnitude of plastic zone and the crack growth rate was compared with the equations proposed by Wheeler. Crack growth retardation model that was characterized by crack growth length and the size of plastic zone was proposed and compared with test result. From the research, the validity of proposed model is examined on crack growth retardation, and consequently fatigue life
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  • 5
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    s.l. ; Stafa-Zurich, Switzerland
    Key engineering materials Vol. 261-263 (Apr. 2004), p. 783-788 
    ISSN: 1013-9826
    Source: Scientific.Net: Materials Science & Technology / Trans Tech Publications Archiv 1984-2008
    Topics: Mechanical Engineering, Materials Science, Production Engineering, Mining and Metallurgy, Traffic Engineering, Precision Mechanics
    Notes: Grillage is common types of structures in marine and land-based structural system.Grillage system that increases the stiffness of plate used by two rectangular stiffeners is a part of deck, side shell and bottom of ships.The worst load point of those structures is dependent on the loads, which are vertical, in-plane or combination of those directions as well as boundary conditions. The worst deflection point is produced when the point load is examined at central intersection. But the worst loading point would not necessarily be at the central point.To find the worst load point, a moving point load is applied to along the vertical andhorizontal beams around mid-spans. Direct stiffness method is used as an analysis tool. Structural model tests are also carried out to confirm the theoretical analysis results.To find the optimum arrangement of grid system under a given point load, anoptimization technique is applied. In this case, the minimum weight is the objectivefunction and allowable stress, deflection and other dimension limitations are constraints
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
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  • 6
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    s.l. ; Stafa-Zurich, Switzerland
    Key engineering materials Vol. 277-279 (Jan. 2005), p. 536-541 
    ISSN: 1013-9826
    Source: Scientific.Net: Materials Science & Technology / Trans Tech Publications Archiv 1984-2008
    Topics: Mechanical Engineering, Materials Science, Production Engineering, Mining and Metallurgy, Traffic Engineering, Precision Mechanics
    Notes: Ceramides are well-known second messengers which mediate apoptosis, proliferation, differentiation in mammalian cells, but the physiological roles of phytosphingosines are poorly understood. We hypothesized that one of the phytosphingosine derivatives, N-acetylphytosphingosine (NAPS) can induce apoptosis in human leukemia Jurkat cell line and increase apoptosis in irradiatedMDA-MB-231 cells. We first examined the effect of NAPS on apoptosis of Jurkat cells. NAPS had a more rapid and stronger apoptotic effect than C2-ceramide in Jurkat cells and significant increase of apoptosis was observed at 3 h after treatment. In contrast, the apoptosis induced by C2-ceramide was observed only after 16 h of treatment. NAPS induced apoptosis was mediated by caspase 3 and 8activation and inhibited by z-VAD-fmk. Ceramide plays a pivotal role in radiation induced apoptosis. We postulated that exogenous treatment of NAPS sensitizes tumor cells to ionizing radiation, since NAPS might be used as a more effective alternative to C2-ceramide. As expected, NAPS decreased clonogenic survival ofirradiated MDA-MB-231 cells dose dependently, and apoptosis of irradiated cells in the presence of NAPS was increased through the caspase activation. Taken together, NAPS is an effective apoptosis-inducing agent, which can be readily synthesized from yeast sources, and is a potent alternative to ceramide for the further study of ceramide associated signaling and the development of radiosensitizing agent
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  • 7
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    s.l. ; Stafa-Zurich, Switzerland
    Key engineering materials Vol. 321-323 (Oct. 2006), p. 678-683 
    ISSN: 1013-9826
    Source: Scientific.Net: Materials Science & Technology / Trans Tech Publications Archiv 1984-2008
    Topics: Mechanical Engineering, Materials Science, Production Engineering, Mining and Metallurgy, Traffic Engineering, Precision Mechanics
    Notes: Low cycle fatigue cracks are mainly detected at discontinuous welded locations with highstresses under repeated cyclic static loads due to cargo loading and unloading. Theoretical andanalytical methods have been used to estimate the local stress and strain, which affect the predictionof fatigue life, but these methods have difficulties considering stress concentration at notchedlocations and complicated material behavior of welded joints or heat affected zones. Electronicspeckle pattern interferometry(ESPI) system is a nondestructive and non-contact measurement system,which can provide relatively accurate full field strain at critical positions such as welded zones andstructurally discontinuous locations. In this study, local strain was measured by ESPI system at thewelded cruciform joint, and then low cycle fatigue test was performed. Effect of local strain on lowcycle fatigue life was examined by using the strain value measured by ESPI. In order to verify therelations between local strains and fatigue lives, after theoretical local strains and stresses werecalculated by using Neuber’s rule, the measured local strains corresponding the experimental fatiguelives were compared with the results of Neuber’s rule and established codes of the British standardand DNV curve
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
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  • 8
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    s.l. ; Stafa-Zurich, Switzerland
    Key engineering materials Vol. 306-308 (Mar. 2006), p. 517-522 
    ISSN: 1013-9826
    Source: Scientific.Net: Materials Science & Technology / Trans Tech Publications Archiv 1984-2008
    Topics: Mechanical Engineering, Materials Science, Production Engineering, Mining and Metallurgy, Traffic Engineering, Precision Mechanics
    Notes: The structural design problems are acknowledged to be commonly multicriteria in nature. The various multicriteria optimization methods are reviewed and the most efficient and easy-to-use Pareto optimal solution methods are applied to structural optimization of grillages under lateral uniform load.The result of the study shows that Pareto optimal solution methods can easily be applied to structural optimization with multiple objectives, and the designer can have a choice from those Pareto optimal solutions to meet an appropriate design environment
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  • 9
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    s.l. ; Stafa-Zurich, Switzerland
    Key engineering materials Vol. 306-308 (Mar. 2006), p. 529-534 
    ISSN: 1013-9826
    Source: Scientific.Net: Materials Science & Technology / Trans Tech Publications Archiv 1984-2008
    Topics: Mechanical Engineering, Materials Science, Production Engineering, Mining and Metallurgy, Traffic Engineering, Precision Mechanics
    Notes: The optimum midship section design of container ship belongs to the nonlinearconstrained optimization problem. The determination of scantlings for the midship region is a very crucial matter out of whole structural design process of a ship. This determination may be a process of satisfying a lot of complicated design constraints empirically, rather than optimizing some objective function. However, in order to realize optimum or rational design for midship region with complicated design constraints, it is necessary to model the design problem as strictly as possible and to accomplish more highly numerical optimization. Real-coded micro-Genetic lgorithm(RμGA) is proposed to find the optimum midship section arrangement of an actual hatchcoverless container ship without handling any of penalty functions
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  • 10
    Publication Date: 2000-03-20
    Print ISSN: 0003-6951
    Electronic ISSN: 1077-3118
    Topics: Physics
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