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  • 1
    Digitale Medien
    Digitale Medien
    Deposition behavior of Pb(ZrxTi1−x)O3 thin films by metalorganic chemical vapor deposition (1993)
    [S.l.] : American Institute of Physics (AIP)
    Journal of Applied Physics 74 (1993), S. 6413-6417 
    Details
    ISSN: 1089-7550
    Quelle: AIP Digital Archive
    Thema: Physik
    Notizen: Polycrystalline Pb(ZrxTi1−x)O3 (PZT) thin films with a well-developed perovskite structure have been prepared on p-type (100) Si wafers by the metalorganic chemical vapor deposition process. Bisdipivalomethanato lead {Pb(DPM)2}, zirconium tetra-t-butoxide {Zr(O-t-C4H9)4}, titanium tetra-i-propoxide {Ti(O-i-C3H7)4}, and oxygen were used as source materials. The film composition could be controlled easily by simply adjusting each source temperature and the carrier gas-flow rates. A perovskite PZT phase was obtained at substrate temperatures above 550 °C. Scanning electron micrographs showed dense and noncolumnar growth with good surface morphologies. We investigated the effect of each element on the sticking of other elements, and the structural changes of the PZT thin films with composition variation. At the initial stage of deposition, the sticking of Pb was strongly restricted by Zr, therefore, the films were lead deficient and the pyrochlore phase was formed. With increasing Zr/Ti ratio, the structure of PZT thin films transformed from the tetragonal phase, and tetragonal and rhombohedral mixed phase, to the rhombohedral phase. The oxygen partial pressure also played an important role in the formation of perovskite PZT. With increasing oxygen partial pressure, the sticking of Pb was promoted so the perovskite PZT phase was easily formed. For the formation of perovskite PZT thin films, the most important step was the sticking of the Pb-containing radical.
    Materialart: Digitale Medien
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1063/1.355143
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  • 2
    Digitale Medien
    Digitale Medien
    The effect of heat treatment on the SrTiO3 thin films prepared by radio frequency magnetron sputtering (1992)
    [S.l.] : American Institute of Physics (AIP)
    Journal of Applied Physics 72 (1992), S. 2895-2899 
    Details
    ISSN: 1089-7550
    Quelle: AIP Digital Archive
    Thema: Physik
    Notizen: Strontium titanate thin films have been prepared on p-type Si(100) substrates by radio frequency (rf) magnetron sputtering. The films were deposited at 400 °C and annealed at various temperatures. The thin films were polycrystalline and the crystallinity of films was increased by annealing. The SrTiO3 thin films were composed of three regions; an external surface layer, a main layer, and an interface layer. The composition and the width of the interface layer were not changed by annealing below 600 °C. The composition ratio of films, as analyzed by the Rutherford backscattering technique, was 1, 1.1, and 3 for Sr, Ti, and O, respectively. The electrical properties of SrTiO3 films were dramatically controlled by annealing. The SrTiO3 film annealed at 600 °C had ideal capacitance-voltage characteristics and maximum effective dielectric constant.
    Materialart: Digitale Medien
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1063/1.351490
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  • 3
    Digitale Medien
    Digitale Medien
    Effects of Cd-Substitution Site on the Electrical Conductivities in Pb(Ni1/3Nb2/3)O3-PbZrO3-PbTiO3 Ceramics (1999)
    Westerville, Ohio : American Ceramics Society
    Journal of the American Ceramic Society 82 (1999), S. 0 
    Details
    ISSN: 1551-2916
    Quelle: Blackwell Publishing Journal Backfiles 1879-2005
    Thema: Maschinenbau , Physik
    Notizen: The effects of Cd2+ substitution for Pb2+ and Ni2+ ions (on the A-site and B-site of the ABO3 perovskite structure, respectively) on the electrical conductivities in Pb(Ni1/3-Nb2/3)O3-PbZrO3-PbTiO3 (PNN-PZ-PT) ceramics have been investigated. Generally, the compounds that contain PbO show p-type conductivity, because of PbO evaporation. Thus, the conductivities are known to be proportional to the PbO evaporation. However, PNN-PZ-PT ceramics exhibit a reciprocal relationship between the conductivities and the evaporation of PbO. Generally, no vacancy change is observed with the substitution of the same-charge valence ion. However, in the PNN-PZ-PT ceramic, lead vacancies could be created or annihilated by replacing Pb2+ and Ni2+ ions with Cd2+ ions, because of incomplete substitution. The electrical conductivities are influenced by this incomplete substitution.
    Materialart: Digitale Medien
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1111/j.1151-2916.1999.tb02120.x
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  • 4
    Digitale Medien
    Digitale Medien
    Sintering Behavior of Cadmium-Doped Pb(Ni1/3Nb2/3)O3–PbZrO3–PbTiO3 Ceramics (1997)
    Westerville, Ohio : American Ceramics Society
    Journal of the American Ceramic Society 80 (1997), S. 0 
    Details
    ISSN: 1551-2916
    Quelle: Blackwell Publishing Journal Backfiles 1879-2005
    Thema: Maschinenbau , Physik
    Notizen: Substituting Cd2+ ions into the A and B sites in a Pb(Ni1/3Nb2/3)O3PbZrO3PbTiO3 (PNNPZPT) ternary perovskite material made it possible to determine the effects of the Cd2+ ion substitution site on sintering behavior. The substitution site of the Cd2+ ion was identified by using X-ray photoelectron spectroscopy spectra. Although Cd2+ ions were substituted into the A and B sites in PNNPZPT, the Cd2+ ions preferred the A site over the B site. When Cd2+ ions replaced Pb2+ ions, a weight gain was observed during sintering. On the other hand, replacing Ni2 ions with Cd2+ ions promoted weight loss. Those weight changes indicated that Cd2+ ions change the bonding strength between the B-site cations and the oxygen of the octahedron in a perovskite structure. Density was influenced by the Cd2+ ion substitution site, and the A-site-doped compositions had higher densities than the B-site-doped compositions.
    Materialart: Digitale Medien
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1111/j.1151-2916.1997.tb03012.x
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  • 5
    Digitale Medien
    Digitale Medien
    Microstructure dependence of electrical properties of (Ba0.5Sr0.5)TiO3 thin films deposited on Pt/SiO2/Si (1996)
    [S.l.] : American Institute of Physics (AIP)
    Journal of Applied Physics 80 (1996), S. 5891-5894 
    Details
    ISSN: 1089-7550
    Quelle: AIP Digital Archive
    Thema: Physik
    Notizen: Stoichiometric (Ba0.5Sr0.5)TiO3 (BST) thin films with various thicknesses have been prepared on Pt/SiO2/Si substrates using conventional rf magnetron sputtering method with a ceramic target containing excess BaO and SrO. With increasing film thickness, the grain size of the BST films gradually increased. It was observed that the dielectric constant increased from 348 to 758 when grain size increased from 32 to 82 nm in BST films deposited at 600 °C. The decrease of dielectric constant in thinner BST films was attributed to the initial low dielectric constant layer and small grain size. In the current–voltage curves for BST films, higher leakage current densities and narrower flat regions (hopping conduction region) in the low bias field were obtained with increasing grain size. © 1996 American Institute of Physics.
    Materialart: Digitale Medien
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1063/1.363583
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  • 6
    Digitale Medien
    Digitale Medien
    Thermal analysis of the Bi-Sr-Ca-Cu-O system by an electrical property (1989)
    [S.l.] : American Institute of Physics (AIP)
    Journal of Applied Physics 65 (1989), S. 877-879 
    Details
    ISSN: 1089-7550
    Quelle: AIP Digital Archive
    Thema: Physik
    Notizen: The formation of the high-temperature superconducting phase in the Bi-Sr-Ca-Cu-O system has been investigated by measuring the electrical properties with temperature in an oxygen atmosphere. A few intermediate phases are measured with increasing temperature. CaCO3 and Sr(NO3)2 are decomposed below 600 °C. The weight loss continues with increasing temperature even after the decomposition of CaCO3 and Sr(NO3)2. The high-temperature superconducting phase comes into being above 830 °C in the case of the initial composition of Bi4Sr3Ca3Cu4Ox. The stability region of the superconducting phase is between 890–895 and 855–895 °C in the mixed Bi4Sr4Ca2Cu4Ox composition and Bi4Sr3Ca3Cu4Ox, respectively.
    Materialart: Digitale Medien
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1063/1.343083
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  • 7
    Digitale Medien
    Digitale Medien
    Ceramic particle size dependence of dielectric and piezoelectric properties of piezoelectric ceramic-polymer composites (1990)
    [S.l.] : American Institute of Physics (AIP)
    Journal of Applied Physics 67 (1990), S. 2024-2028 
    Details
    ISSN: 1089-7550
    Quelle: AIP Digital Archive
    Thema: Physik
    Notizen: Composites with 0-3 connectivity were fabricated from barium titanate and phenolic resin powders. These composites were investigated for dielectric and piezoelectric properties with the active particle size. Under the condition of the same density and ceramic/polymer volume ratio, the dielectric constants and piezoelectric coefficients of composite increase as the ceramic particle size in composite increases. The surface layer model was used to explain these phenomena in our composite system and was confirmed experimentally. The thickness and dielectric constant of the surface layer of the powder prepared by grinding the sintered barium titanate ceramics were 1.59 μm and 105. When the ceramic particle size is larger than about 100 μm, the properties of the composite were nearly independent of size.
    Materialart: Digitale Medien
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1063/1.345584
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  • 8
    Digitale Medien
    Digitale Medien
    Effect of Internal Stress on Physical Temperature Characteristics of Cerium-Doped and Gadolinium-Doped Barium Titanate Ceramics (1998)
    Westerville, Ohio : American Ceramics Society
    Journal of the American Ceramic Society 81 (1998), S. 0 
    Details
    ISSN: 1551-2916
    Quelle: Blackwell Publishing Journal Backfiles 1879-2005
    Thema: Maschinenbau , Physik
    Notizen: The effect of internal stress on the physical properties (the temperature dependence of the dielectric constant and the lattice constant, and the diffuseness (gamma)) of solid solutions of 0.97BaTiO3-0.03Gd2O3:1.5TiO2 and 0.97BaTiO3-0.03CeO2:1.5TiO2 was investigated using various particle sizes of the starting BaTiO3, pressure-dielectric spectroscopy, and high-pressure X-ray analysis. The grain size was almost proportional to the particle size of the starting BaTiO3 and was inversely proportional to the internal stress. A sudden change in internal stress occurred at grain sizes of ∼2 µm for cerium-doped BaTiO3 and ∼3 µm for gadolinium-doped BaTiO3. With an increase in external pressure and a decrease in grain size, the lattice anomalies of the cubic-to-tetragonal transformation and two other factors (the tetragonal-to-orthorhombic and orthorhombic-to-rhombohedral transformations) shifted to lower and higher temperatures, respectively. The temperature dependencies of the dielectric constant and the lattice constant were less sensitive to external pressure in cerium-doped core-shell-grained BaTiO3 than in gadolinium-doped homogeneous-grained BaTiO3; this difference was attributable to internal stress. In cerium-doped BaTiO3, gamma was related to internal stress.
    Materialart: Digitale Medien
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1111/j.1151-2916.1998.tb02563.x
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  • 9
    Digitale Medien
    Digitale Medien
    Dielectric Temperature Characteristics of Cerium-Modified Barium Titanate Based Ceramics with Core—Shell Grain Structure (1997)
    Westerville, Ohio : American Ceramics Society
    Journal of the American Ceramic Society 80 (1997), S. 0 
    Details
    ISSN: 1551-2916
    Quelle: Blackwell Publishing Journal Backfiles 1879-2005
    Thema: Maschinenbau , Physik
    Notizen: Various particle sizes of starting barium titanate were used to investigate the effect of chemical inhomogeneity on the dielectric temperature characteristics of a dilute solid solution of cerium-modified barium titanate. Transmission electron microscopy and energy dispersive spectroscopy confirmed three distinct areas in the modified barium titanate: a grain core, a grain shell, and gradient regions. The grain size and volume fractions of the grain core were somewhat proportional to the particle size of the starting barium titanate. The dielectric temperature characteristics will be explained in the present paper in terms of the three inhomogeneous regions. Actually, the dielectric temperature characteristics of the large grains (3μm) proved to be a function of variation in the Tc values, whereas those of the small grains (,3μm) were a function of both the Tc values and the internal stress.
    Materialart: Digitale Medien
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1111/j.1151-2916.1997.tb02797.x
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  • 10
    Digitale Medien
    Digitale Medien
    The Fabrication of Thin Film Cathode for Solid-State Microbattery by Sol-Gel Method (2001)
    s.l. ; Stafa-Zurich, Switzerland
    Key engineering materials Vol. 214-215 (July 2001), p. 209-214 
    Details
    ISSN: 1013-9826
    Quelle: Scientific.Net: Materials Science & Technology / Trans Tech Publications Archiv 1984-2008
    Thema: Maschinenbau
    Materialart: Digitale Medien
    URL: http://www.tib-hannover.de/fulltexts/2011/0528/01/46/transtech_doi~10.4028%252Fwww.scientific.net%252FKEM.214-215.209.pdf
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