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  • 1
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    Results for the Brine Evaporation Bag (BEB) Brine Processing Test (2015)
    In:  CASI
    Details
    Publication Date: 2019-07-13
    Description: The recent Brine Processing Test compared the NASA Forward Osmosis Brine Dewatering (FOBD), Paragon Ionomer Water Processor (IWP), UMPQUA Ultrasonic Brine Dewatering System (UBDS), and the NASA Brine Evaporation Bag (BEB). This paper reports the results of the BEB. The BEB was operated at 70 deg C and a base pressure of 12 torr. The BEB was operated in a batch mode, and processed 0.4L of brine per batch. Two different brine feeds were tested, a chromic acid-urine brine and a chromic acid-urine-hygiene mix brine. The chromic acid-urine brine, known as the ISS Alternate Pretreatment Brine, had an average processing rate of 95 mL/hr with a specific power of 5kWhr/L. The complete results of these tests will be reported within this paper.
    Keywords: Man/System Technology and Life Support
    Type: ICES-2015-67 , ARC-E-DAA-TN24688 , International Conference on Environmental Systems; Jul 12, 2015 - Jul 16, 2015; Bellevue, WA; United States
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  • 2
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    Results of the GCMS Effluent Gas Analysis for the Brine Processing Test (2015)
    In:  CASI
    Details
    Publication Date: 2019-07-25
    Description: The effluent gas for the Paragon Ionomer Water Processor (IWP), UMPQUA Ultrasonic Brine Dewatering System (UBDS), and the NASA Brine Evaporation Bag (BEB) were analyzed using Headspace GCMS Analysis in the recent AES FY14 Brine Processing Test. The results from the analysis describe the number and general chemical species of the chemicals produced. Comparisons were also made between the different chromatograms for each system, and an explanation of the differences in the results is reported.
    Keywords: Chemistry and Materials (General); Space Sciences (General)
    Type: ICES-2015-69 , ARC-E-DAA-TN24689 , ARC-E-DAA-TN21546 , International Conference on Environmental Systems; Jul 12, 2015 - Jul 16, 2015; Bellevue, WA; United States
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  • 3
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    Evaluation of Brine Processing Technologies for Spacecraft Wastewater (2015)
    In:  CASI
    Details
    Publication Date: 2019-07-13
    Description: Brine drying systems may be used in spaceflight. There are several advantages to using brine processing technologies for long-duration human missions including a reduction in resupply requirements and achieving high water recovery ratios. The objective of this project was to evaluate four technologies for the drying of spacecraft water recycling system brine byproducts. The technologies tested were NASA's Forward Osmosis Brine Drying (FOBD), Paragon's Ionomer Water Processor (IWP), NASA's Brine Evaporation Bag (BEB) System, and UMPQUA's Ultrasonic Brine Dewatering System (UBDS). The purpose of this work was to evaluate the hardware using feed streams composed of brines similar to those generated on board the International Space Station (ISS) and future exploration missions. The brine formulations used for testing were the ISS Alternate Pretreatment and Solution 2 (Alt Pretreat). The brines were generated using the Wiped-film Rotating-disk (WFRD) evaporator, which is a vapor compression distillation system that is used to simulate the function of the ISS Urine Processor Assembly (UPA). Each system was evaluated based on the results from testing and Equivalent System Mass (ESM) calculations. A Quality Function Deployment (QFD) matrix was also developed as a method to compare the different technologies based on customer and engineering requirements.
    Keywords: Engineering (General); Life Sciences (General); Man/System Technology and Life Support
    Type: ICES-2015-202 , ARC-E-DAA-TN23936 , International Conference on Environmental Systems (ICES); Jul 12, 2015 - Jul 16, 2015; Bellevue, WA; United States
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  • 4
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    Testing of Synthetic Biological Membranes for Forward Osmosis Applications (2016)
    In:  CASI
    Details
    Publication Date: 2019-07-13
    Description: Commercially available forward osmosis membranes have been extensively tested for human space flight wastewater treatment. Despite the improvements achieved in the last decades, there is still a challenge to produce reliable membranes with anti-fouling properties, chemical resistance, and high flux and selectivity. Synthetic biological membranes that mimic the ones present in nature, which underwent millions of years of evolution, represent a potential solution for further development and progress in membrane technology. Biomimetic forward osmosis membranes based on a polymeric support filter and coated with surfactant multilayers have been engineered to investigate how different manufacturing processes impact the performance and structure of the membrane. However, initial results of the first generation prototype membranes tests reveal a high scatter in the data, due to the current testing apparatus set up. The testing apparatus has been upgraded to improve data collection, reduce errors, and to allow higher control of the testing process.
    Keywords: Man/System Technology and Life Support
    Type: ARC-E-DAA-TN32146 , International Conference on Environmental Systems (ICES 2016); Jul 10, 2016 - Jul 14, 2016; Vienna; Austria
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  • 5
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    Multilfiltration Bed Replacement (MFBR) System for the International Space Station using Aquaporin Membranes and Humidity Condensate Ersatz Wastewater (2017)
    In:  CASI
    Details
    Publication Date: 2019-07-13
    Description: The Multifiltration Bed system in the International Space Station (ISS) Water Processor Assembly (WPA) needs to be improved by reducing or eliminating the usage rate of expendable media, removing dimethylsilanediol (DMSD), and reducing the overall system mass. The WPA contains two multifiltration beds, each with a mass of approximately 50 kg. Reducing the mass of the WPA is an important part of evolving the ISS system for future exploration missions. The Multifiltration Bed Replacement (MFBR) technology is based on biomimetic membranes, which derive their unique characteristics from aquaporins, or water channel proteins. Aquaporin membranes were commercialized by the company Aquaporin AS. Tests were conducted using the Aquaporin Inside Hollow Fiber Module to determine the maximum water recovery ratio and membrane life. Samples were analyzed for total organic carbon (TOC), DMSD, acetate, ions, and volatiles such as ethanol and acetone. The results indicate that at a 97.498.1 water recovery ratio, the membrane module can reject approximately 50 of the TOC and specific conductance using the simulated ISS MSFC humidity condensate ersatz. Additionally, the life of the membrane was determined to be a minimum of 7103 hours.
    Keywords: Life Sciences (General); Space Sciences (General); Engineering (General)
    Type: ICES-2017-247 , ARC-E-DAA-TN41047 , International Conference on Environmental Systems; Jul 16, 2017 - Jul 20, 2017; Charleston, SC; United States
    Format: application/pdf
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