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  • 1
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Cloning and characterization of preferentially expressed genes in an aluminum-tolerant mutant derived from Penicillium chrysogenum IFO4626 (2004)
    Oxford, UK : Blackwell Publishing Ltd
    FEMS microbiology letters 230 (2004), S. 0 
    Details
    ISSN: 1574-6968
    Source: Blackwell Publishing Journal Backfiles 1879-2005
    Topics: Biology
    Notes: cDNAs expressed preferentially in an Al-tolerant microorganism were isolated by subtraction hybridization with cDNAs of Al-sensitive Penicillium chrysogenum IFO4626 as driver cDNA and cDNAs of the Al-tolerant mutant derived from the wild cells by UV irradiation as tester cDNA. Northern blot analysis revealed that mRNA levels of six genes were increased significantly in the Al-tolerant mutant after exposure to Al stress when compared with the wild cells. Two genes accumulated in both the presence and absence of Al stress and four genes were induced by Al stress in the Al-tolerant mutant. cDNA fragments were amplified by rapid amplification of cDNA ends and sequenced to obtain full-length cDNAs of the six genes. Two genes were novel or predicted ones and the others showed significant homology to known genes, ADP/ATP translocase, enolase, cysteine synthase, and glucoamylase, which are induced by environmental stresses in prokaryotic and eukaryotic cells. These enzyme activities increased in the Al-tolerant mutant when compared to those in the wild cells, showing that not only the levels of gene expression but also the levels of enzyme activities increased in the Al-tolerant mutant.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/S0378-1097(03)00886-3
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  • 2
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Screening and characterization of trehalose-oleate hydrolyzing lipase (2001)
    Oxford, UK : Blackwell Publishing Ltd
    FEMS microbiology letters 195 (2001), S. 0 
    Details
    ISSN: 1574-6968
    Source: Blackwell Publishing Journal Backfiles 1879-2005
    Topics: Biology
    Notes: Various soil samples were collected to screen the presence of microorganisms which have ability to degrade TOE. One strain (AKU-883) with good TOE degrading activity was isolated and identified as Burkholderia cepacia and the extracellular enzyme was purified to homogeneity. The purification was achieved by ultrafiltration, Super Q anion-exchange chromatography and Superdex 200HR gel-filtration in the presence of Triton X. The enzyme was purified to 85-fold, and specific activity of 4.910 kU mg protein−1. The peak preparation on gel filtration showed a single band of 34 kDa on SDS-PAGE and native PAGE which indicate the monomeric nature of the enzyme. The pI of the enzyme was 6.3. The enzyme showed the maximum activity at pH 9 and 65°C, and was stable in the range of pH 5–10 and up to 60°C. Almost all the activity (92%) was kept after incubation for more than 1 week at 50°C (pH 7.3). High activities remained even in water-miscible solvents such as ethanol, dimethyl formamide, diisopropyl ether, and dioxane. The N-terminal 16 amino acid residues were determined as A-N-G-Y-A-A-T-R-Y-P-I-I-L-V-G-G, which showed a consensus sequence for lipases from Burkholderia species. Thus the enzyme was concluded to be a kind of lipase.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1111/j.1574-6968.2001.tb10526.x
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  • 3
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Isolation and characterization of acid- and Al-tolerant microorganisms (2000)
    Oxford, UK : Blackwell Publishing Ltd
    FEMS microbiology letters 189 (2000), S. 0 
    Details
    ISSN: 1574-6968
    Source: Blackwell Publishing Journal Backfiles 1879-2005
    Topics: Biology
    Notes: Acid- and aluminum (Al)-tolerant microorganisms were isolated from tea fields, from which six strains were selected and identified as Cryptococcus humicola, Rhodotorula glutinis, Aspergillus flavus Link, Penicillium sp., Penicillium janthinellum Biourge and Trichoderma asperellum. They were tolerant to Al up to 100–200 mM and could grow at low pH, 2.5–2.2. In a glucose medium (pH 3.5) the pH of the spent medium decreased to below 3.0. The toxic inorganic monomeric Al in the spent medium decreased with three strains (A. flavus F-6b, Penicillium sp. F-8b and P. janthinellum F-13), but the total Al remained constant for all strains. In a soil extract medium (pH 3.5), the pH of the spent medium of all strains increased to around 6.0–7.2 and total Al in the spent medium was removed by precipitation due to pH increase. Thus, different tolerance mechanisms were suggested in glucose and soil extract media.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1111/j.1574-6968.2000.tb09220.x
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  • 4
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Involvement of a quinoprotein (PQQ-containing) alcohol dehydrogenase in the degradation of polypropylene glycols by the bacterium Stenotrophomonas maltophilia (2003)
    Oxford, UK : Blackwell Publishing Ltd
    FEMS microbiology letters 218 (2003), S. 0 
    Details
    ISSN: 1574-6968
    Source: Blackwell Publishing Journal Backfiles 1879-2005
    Topics: Biology
    Notes: Previous work has shown that when the bacterium Stenotrophomonas maltophilia is grown on polypropylene glycol, different dye-linked polypropylene glycol dehydrogenase (PPG-DH) activities are induced during growth. Here the purification and characterization of the dehydrogenase activity induced in the stationary phase, and present in the periplasmic space, is described. The homogeneous enzyme preparation obtained consists of a homodimeric protein with a molecular mass of about 123 kDa and an isoelectric point of 5.9. The cofactor of the enzyme appeared to be pyrroloquinoline quinone (PQQ), no heme c was present, and holo-enzyme contained two PQQ molecules per enzyme molecule. In these respects, PPG-DH described here is similar to already known quinoprotein alcohol dehydrogenases, but in other respects, it is different. Therefore, it is suggested that PPG-DH could be a new type of quinoprotein alcohol dehydrogenase. Based on its strong preference for polyols, PPG-DH seems well fitted to carry out the first step in the degradation of PPGs, synthetic polymers containing a variety of hydroxyl groups.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1111/j.1574-6968.2003.tb11540.x
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  • 5
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Role of novel dye-linked dehydrogenases in the metabolism of polyethylene glycol by pure cultures of Sphingomonas sp. N6 (1996)
    Oxford, UK : Blackwell Publishing Ltd
    FEMS microbiology letters 141 (1996), S. 0 
    Details
    ISSN: 1574-6968
    Source: Blackwell Publishing Journal Backfiles 1879-2005
    Topics: Biology
    Notes: Abstract Polyethylene glycol and diglycolic acid dehydrogenase acitivities linked with 3-(4,5-dimethyl-2-thiazolyl)-2, 5-diphenyl-2H-tetrazolium bromide and phenazine methosulfate were found in the participate fraction of the sonic extract of a newly isolated polyethylene glycol 20 000-utilizing bacterium (Sphingomonas sp. N6). The amount of glyoxylic acid formed from diglycolic acid increased proportionally with the increase in reaction time and enzyme concentration to show that diglycolic acid can be a model compound for an ether-cleaving enzyme. Both enzymes were formed inducibly when the organism was grown on polyethylene glycol 10000. Both enzymes transferred many more electrons to 3-(4,5-dimethyl-2-thiazolyl)-2, 5-diphenyl-2H-tetrazolium bromide plus phenazine methosulfate than to 2,6-dichlorophenolindophenol plus phenazine methosulfate. Also, ferricyanide, nitroblue tetrazolium and horse heart cytochrome c served as electron acceptors, among which 3-(4,5-dimethyl-2-thiazolyl)-2,5-diphenyl-2H-tetrazolium bromide plus phenazine methosulfate was most active for polyethylene glycol dehydrogenase and ferricyanide was most active for diglycolic acid dehydrogenase irrespective of the presence of phenazine methosulfate. NAD and NADP did not act as electron acceptors. Polyethylene glycol dehydrogenase was completely inhibited by 1,4-benzoquinone and partially inhibited by quinine and glyoxylic acid. Diglycolic acid dehydrogenase was strongly inhibited by 1,4-benzoquinone and partially inhibited by α-benzoin oxime, quinacrine and glyoxylic acid. The enzymes appear to be different from each other and also from polyethylene glycol and diglycolic acid dehydrogenases of polyethylene glycol 20 000-utilizing symbiotic mixed culture E-1in which S. terrae was responsible for polyethylene glycol degradation in the coupling with electron acceptors and in the effect of inhibitors.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1111/j.1574-6968.1996.tb08361.x
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  • 6
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Existence of ether bond-cleaving enzyme in a polyethylene glycol-utilizing symbiotic mixed culture (1985)
    Oxford, UK : Blackwell Publishing Ltd
    FEMS microbiology letters 30 (1985), S. 0 
    Details
    ISSN: 1574-6968
    Source: Blackwell Publishing Journal Backfiles 1879-2005
    Topics: Biology
    Notes: Abstract Diglycolic acid dehydrogenase activity linked with 2,6-dichlorophenolindophenol and phenazine methosulfate was found in the particulate fraction of the cell-free extract of a mixed culture of Flavobacterium and Pseudomonas species grown on polyethylene glycol 6000. The amount of glyoxylic acid formed increased with the increase in reaction time and enzyme concentration. Horse heart cytochrome c, 3-(4,5-dimethyl-2-thiazolyl)-2,5-diphenyl 2H-tetrazolium bromide, and nitro blue tetrazolium, served as hydrogen acceptors in the presence of phenazine methosulfate. Enzyme activity was competitively inhibited by 1,4-benzoquinone. The enzyme was also active on tetraethylene glycol dicarboxylic acid, a metabolite of tetraethylene glycol, and on methoxy- or ethoxyacetic acid.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1111/j.1574-6968.1985.tb01095.x
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  • 7
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Bacterial degradation of acrylic oligomers and polymers (1993)
    Springer
    Applied microbiology and biotechnology 39 (1993), S. 382-385 
    Details
    ISSN: 1432-0614
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Biology , Process Engineering, Biotechnology, Nutrition Technology
    Notes: Abstract Three bacterial strains that assimilate acrylic trimer as a carbon and energy source were isolated from activated sludge and soil samples and were tentatively identified as Microbacterium sp. II-7-12, Xanthomonas maltophilia W1 and Acinetobacter genospecies 11 W2. They could assimilate acrylic monomer, dimer and trimer, but not polymers. Trimer, 0.2%, was completely consumed in 3 days. The culture filtrate became alkaline during bacterial growth. From the values of biological O2 consumption versus theoretical O2 consumption towards oligomers and polymers, biodegradation of acrylic polymers by trimer-utilizing bacteria was suggested. The resting cells of three bacteria grown on trimer degraded acrylic polymers (average relative molecular mass of 1000–4500) at a concentration of 100 ppm (0.01%). The biodegradation rate of acrylic polymer by resting cells was calculated to be approximately 1/120 of that of acrylic trimer. Acyl-CoA synthetase activities towards oligomeric or polymeric acrylates were found with cell-free extracts of the three bacteria.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/BF00192097
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  • 8
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Bacterial degradation of a new polyester, polyethylene glycol-phthalate polyester (1996)
    Springer
    Journal of polymers and the environment 4 (1996), S. 21-28 
    Details
    ISSN: 1572-8900
    Keywords: Polyester ; polyethylene glycol ; phthalate ester ; assimlation ; hydrolysis
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Chemistry and Pharmacology , Energy, Environment Protection, Nuclear Power Engineering , Mechanical Engineering, Materials Science, Production Engineering, Mining and Metallurgy, Traffic Engineering, Precision Mechanics
    Notes: Abstract Microorganisms which can assimilate a new polyester synthesized from polyethylene glycol (PEG) as a dihydroxyl compound and phthalic acid as a dicarboxyl compound were isolated from soils by enrichment culture techniques. Two cultures, K and N, were obtained: Culture K grew on PEG 4000 polyester and culture N assimilated PEG 6000 polyester. Each culture included two bacteria indispensable for the degradation of polyesters: bacteria K1 and K2 for PEG 4000 polyester-utilizing culture K and bacteria N1 and N2 for PEG 6000 polyester-utilizing culture N. Bacteria K2 and N2 were responsible for the hydrolysis of ester bonds in a polyester and both were identified as the same species,Comamonas acidovorans. Bacteria K1 and N6 could assimilate PEG as a sole carbon and energy source. Both are Gram-negative, non-spore-forming rods and resembled each other on their colony characteristics, although strain K1 could not grow on PEG 6000.C. acidovorans N2 (K2) grew on dialkyl phthalates (C2–C4) and phthalate and tributyrin, but not on PEG, diphthalic PEG, and PEG phthalate polyesters. Their culture supernatant and washed cells hydrolyzed PEG (400–20,000) phthalate and sebacate polyesters.C. acidovorans had higher esterase activity toward PEG phthalate, isophthalate, and terephthalate polyesters than known esterase and lipases. The esterase seemed to be an extracellular one and attached to the cell surface.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/BF02083879
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  • 9
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Proposed mechanism for bacterial metabolism of polyacrylate (1994)
    Springer
    Journal of polymers and the environment 2 (1994), S. 59-65 
    Details
    ISSN: 1572-8900
    Keywords: Acrylic trimer ; polyacrylate ; β-oxidation ; exogenous degradation
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Chemistry and Pharmacology , Energy, Environment Protection, Nuclear Power Engineering , Mechanical Engineering, Materials Science, Production Engineering, Mining and Metallurgy, Traffic Engineering, Precision Mechanics
    Notes: Abstract A possible aerobic degradative pathway for polyacrylate was examined with trimer (1,3,5-pentane tricarboxylic acid; PTCA)-utilizing bacteria. A few metabolic products from PTCA accumulated in culture filtrates and reaction mixtures of washed cells. Fraction A was detected as a main metabolite by high-performance liquid chromatography. A small amount of fraction B was concomitant with fraction A. Another fraction, C, was also detected. These compounds were suggested by liquid chromatography-mass spectrometry analyses to be 1,3,5-(1- or 2-pentene)tricarboxylic acid (fraction A or B) and 1,3,5-(2-oxopentane)tricarboxylic acid (fraction C). Fraction A was quickly further metabolized by washed cells, but fraction B was only gradually degraded. From these results, the metabolic pathway for polyacrylate is suggested to be quite similar toβ-oxidation for saturated fatty acids. The degradation of PTCA by washed cells was slower than that by growing cells and was inhibited by 5 mM NaN3. This suggests that the metabolism is linked to a respiratory chain or energy-producing system of bacteria which can aerobically assimilate PTCA.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/BF02074774
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  • 10
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    Cell surface structure enhancing uptake of polyvinyl alcohol (PVA) is induced by PVA in the PVA-utilizing Sphingopyxis sp. strain 113P3 (2007)
    Springer
    Details
    Publication Date: 2007-04-24
    Print ISSN: 0302-8933
    Electronic ISSN: 1432-072X
    Topics: Biology
    Published by Springer
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