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  • 1
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Springer
    Journal of applied electrochemistry 15 (1985), S. 154-155 
    ISSN: 1572-8838
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Chemistry and Pharmacology , Electrical Engineering, Measurement and Control Technology
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  • 2
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Springer
    Reaction kinetics and catalysis letters 62 (1997), S. 353-358 
    ISSN: 1588-2837
    Keywords: Ce(IV) oxidation ; arylthioacetic acid ; kinetics
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Chemistry and Pharmacology
    Notes: Abstract The kinetics of ruthenium(III)-catalyzed oxidation of several arylthioacetic acids by Ce(IV) have been studied. The proposed mechanism involves the formation of a 1∶1 complex between Ru(III) and arylthioacetic acid, which then reacts with Ce(IV).
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  • 3
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Springer
    Journal of applied electrochemistry 12 (1982), S. 323-328 
    ISSN: 1572-8838
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Chemistry and Pharmacology , Electrical Engineering, Measurement and Control Technology
    Notes: Abstract It has been possible to obtain very bright, smooth electrodeposits of nickel from a Watts' bath using a combination of sodium naphthalene-2-sulphonate and acrylamide additives. The electroplates obtained in the presence of sodium naphthalene-2-sulphonate alone and those in the presence of a combination with acrylamide have been examined for their surface roughness, surface topography, sulphur content and various other properties. The results show that the additives modify the structure and surface topography of the deposits to a large extent while producing smooth deposits without a preferred orientation.
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  • 4
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Springer
    Journal of solution chemistry 10 (1981), S. 431-435 
    ISSN: 1572-8927
    Keywords: Eutectic temperature and composition ; simple eutectic systems
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Chemistry and Pharmacology
    Notes: Abstract An empirical method for the theoretical prediction of eutectic temperatures and compositions, for binary systems forming simple eutectics, from the reported values of freezing points and fusion enthalpies of the components is described. The eutectic temperatures and compositions thus predicted for systems involving organic compounds are found to be within ±2.5 K and ±0.03 of the experimental values, respectively. However, for binary metal systems this method is of limited success.
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  • 5
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Chichester : Wiley-Blackwell
    Journal of Physical Organic Chemistry 9 (1996), S. 105-110 
    ISSN: 0894-3230
    Keywords: Chemistry ; Theoretical, Physical and Computational Chemistry
    Source: Wiley InterScience Backfile Collection 1832-2000
    Topics: Chemistry and Pharmacology , Physics
    Notes: The oxidation of several monosubstituted phenoxyacetic acids by pyridinium hydrobromide perbromide (PHPB) was studied in aqueous acetic acid. The reaction is first order with respect to PHPB. Michaelis-Menten-type kinetics are observed with respect to phenoxyacetic acids. The oxidation of [2,2-2H2]phenoxyacetic acid exhibits a substantial kinetic isotopic effect. The effect of solvent composition indicates that the transition state is more polar than the reactants. The formation constants of the intermediate phenoxyacetic acid-PHPB complexes and the rates of their decomposition were determined at different temperatures. The rates of oxidation of para- and meta-substituted phenoxyacetic acids were correlated with Hammett's substituent constants. The ρ value is -2·59 at 35°C. The rates of oxidation of ortho-substituted compounds are correlated with Charton's triparametric equation. A mechanism involving transfer of a hydride ion from the substrate to the oxidant is proposed.
    Additional Material: 1 Ill.
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  • 6
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Chichester : Wiley-Blackwell
    Journal of Physical Organic Chemistry 8 (1995), S. 429-434 
    ISSN: 0894-3230
    Keywords: Organic Chemistry ; Physical Chemistry
    Source: Wiley InterScience Backfile Collection 1832-2000
    Topics: Chemistry and Pharmacology , Physics
    Notes: Oxidation of several monosubstituted (phenylthio)acetic acids (PTAA) by pyridinium hydrobromide perbromide (PHPB) was studied in aqueous acetic acid. The reaction is first order with respect to PHPB. Michaelis-Menten type kinetics are observed with respect to (arylthio)acetic acid. The effect of solvent composition indicates that the transition state is more polar than the reactants. The formation constants of the intermediate substrate-PHPB complexes and the rates of their decomposition were determined at different temperatures. The rates of oxidation of para and meta-substituted (phenylthio)acetic acids were correlated with Hammett's substituent constants. The ρ value is -1·60 at 35°C. The rates of oxidation of ortho substituted compounds are correlated with Charton's triparametric equation. A mechanism involving the decomposition of the intermediate complex in the slow rate-determining step affording a sulphonium ion which hydrolyses in a subsequent fast step to the sulphoxide is proposed.
    Additional Material: 6 Tab.
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  • 7
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    New York : Wiley-Blackwell
    Journal of Polymer Science Part A-2: Polymer Physics 6 (1968), S. 713-721 
    ISSN: 0449-2978
    Keywords: Physics ; Polymer and Materials Science
    Source: Wiley InterScience Backfile Collection 1832-2000
    Topics: Chemistry and Pharmacology , Physics
    Notes: Poly(methyl acrylate) (PMA) and 1:1 poly(styrene-co-methyl acrylate) (PSMA) were prepared by solution and bulk polymerization, respectively. The copolymer was analyzed with NMR to ascertain its composition and microstructure. The solution properties of unfractionated PMA and fractionated PSMA in ethyl acetate were investigated by light-scattering and viscosity techniques at 35°C. Narrow composition heterogeneity as revealed from the light-scattering measurements in different solvents justified the use of a single solvent for the copolymer characterization. The equations relating the limiting viscosity number to molecular weight, the molecular dimension to molecular weight, etc., were found for homopolymer and copolymers in ethyl acetate at 35°C. In the evaluation of the Flory constant K for the unperturbed state by methods based on Flory-Fox-Schaefgen, Kurata-Stockmayer, and Stockmayer-Fixman expressions, only the first method gave a value for PMA in ethyl acetate, consistent with that obtained in other solvents, whereas similar values of K were obtained by the three methods for PSMA in ethyl acetate. The studies indicate reduced thermodynamic interaction for PSMA-ethyl acetate compared to PMA-ethyl acetate, but increased steric effect in the copolymer compared with the homopolymer.
    Additional Material: 2 Ill.
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  • 8
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    New York : Wiley-Blackwell
    Die Makromolekulare Chemie 111 (1968), S. 20-35 
    ISSN: 0025-116X
    Keywords: Chemistry ; Polymer and Materials Science
    Source: Wiley InterScience Backfile Collection 1832-2000
    Topics: Chemistry and Pharmacology , Physics
    Description / Table of Contents: Polyähylmetliacrylat (PEM) wurde durch Substanzpolymerisation hergestellt und mit einer Mischung von Aceton/Aceton-Wasser (2:1 V/V) fraktioniert. Die Lösungseigenschaften ten der fraktionierten wie auch der unfraktionierten Polymeren wurden in verschiedenen Lösungsmitteln (Äthylacetat, Toluol, Äthylacetat-Äthanol) mit Hilfe von Lichtstreuungs und Viskositätsmessungen bei 35°C untersucht. Messungen des osmotischen Druckes wur den an ausgewählten Proben ausgeführt, um die Breite der Molekulargewichtsverteilung zu bestimmen. Die und [η]-Mw- und (η)1/2-Mw--Beziehungen der Systeme wurden ermittelt. Es wurde gefunden, daß Äthylacetat vergleichsweise ein schlechteres Lösungsmittel als Toluol und Methyläthylketon ist. Im Falle der unfraktionierten Polymeren wurden die Parameter [η]2/3M1/3, M/[η], Φ hinsichtlich ihrer Uneinheitlichkeit unter Annahme einer SCHULZ-ZIMM-Verteilung korrigiert. Die von FLORY-FOX, KURATA-STOCKMAYER und STOCKMAYER-FIXMAN abgeleiteten Methoden wurden für eine Abschätzung der FLORY schen Konstanten K und des ungestörten Kettenendenabstandes (r20)1/2 verwendet. Die nach der FLORY-FOX-Methode berechneten K- und (r20)1/2-Werte waren vergleichbar mit den direkt im Θ-Lösungsmittel gemessenen, während die anderen Methoden höhere Werte ergaben. Ein Vergleich der gemessenen mit den nach den KIRKWOOD-RISEMAN- und DEBYE-BUECHE-Theorien berechneten (r2)1/2w-Werten weist auf eine statistisch geknäuelte Polymerkette hin. Die Molekulargewichtsabhängigkeit von A2, dem zweiten Virialkoeffizienten, wurde für PEM/Äthylacetat bestimmt; die Werte stimmten gut mit den nach der OROFINO-FLORY-Beziehung berechneten überein.
    Notes: Polyethylmethacrylate (PEM) was prepared by bulk polymerization and fractionated using acetone/acetone-water (2:1 V/V) mixture. The solution properties of fractionated as well as unfractionated polymers were investigated in various solvents (ethylacetabte, toluene, ethylacetate-ethanol) by light scattering and viscosity at 35°C. Osmotic pressure measurements were also carried out on selected polymer samples for the evaluation of width of distribution. [η]-Mw and (r2)1/2-Mw relationships for these systems were established. Ethylacetate was found to be a bad solvent compared to toluene and methylethyketone. In the case of unfractionated PEM, the parameters like [η]2/3M1/3, Mw/[η], and Φ were corrected for molecular weight heterogeneity assuming SCHULZ-ZIMM distribution. For the evaluation of FLORY's constant K, and the unperturbed dimension (r20)1/2 of the polymer, FLORY-FOX, KURATA-STOCKMAYER, and STOCKMAYER-FIXMAN methods were employed. The K and (r20)1/2 values evaluated from the FLORY-FOX method were almost similar to those measured in a Θ solvent, while the other two methods yielded higher values. A comparison of the measured (r2)1/2w and that calculated from KIRKWOOD-RISEMAN and DEBYE-BUECHE theories indicated the polymer coil as conforming to a statistical chain. The molecular weight dependence of A2, the second virial coefficient, for PEM/ethylacetate was established and the value of A2 compared well with that calculated from OROFINO-FLORY equation.
    Additional Material: 3 Ill.
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  • 9
    ISSN: 0020-7608
    Keywords: Computational Chemistry and Molecular Modeling ; Atomic, Molecular and Optical Physics
    Source: Wiley InterScience Backfile Collection 1832-2000
    Topics: Chemistry and Pharmacology
    Notes: The formalism for a configuration interaction approach is presented, in which explicit introduction of interelectronic coordinates into individual configurations is accomplished through the use of spherical Gaussian correlation factors. Formulas for all required matrix elements over these configurations are derived, and a computationally convenient algorithm to evaluate the matrix elements is presented. In addition, analysis of the form of the correlation factor shows that both angular and radial correlation can be obtained using spherical Gaussian correlation factors.
    Additional Material: 1 Ill.
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  • 10
    ISSN: 0020-7608
    Keywords: Computational Chemistry and Molecular Modeling ; Atomic, Molecular and Optical Physics
    Source: Wiley InterScience Backfile Collection 1832-2000
    Topics: Chemistry and Pharmacology
    Notes: Ab initio self-consistent-field and configuration interaction studies have been carried out on the ground state of the LiH molecule at its equilibrium distance. Floating spherical Gaussian basis orbitals (FSGO) were employed, along with spherical Gaussian correlation factors, using the procedure described in the preceding paper. A near-Hartree-Fock function was found using only 13 FSGO. Exploratory configuration interaction studies recovered approximately 73% of the inner shell correlation energy and approximately 56% of the total correlation energy with five configurations plus the Hartree-Fock configuration. These studies indicate that, by using spherical Gaussian correlation factors, direct introduction of interelectronic coordinates into trial wave functions can be accomplished for molecular systems. It was also shown that correlating configurations need not utilize the full Hartree-Fock basis, but may use substantially smaller bases and still recover correlation energy effectively. Finally, the results indicate that, in spite of their improper cusp behavior, FSGOS and spherical Gaussian correlation factors can be used for construction of high accuracy wave functions.
    Additional Material: 6 Tab.
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