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  • 1
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    The effect of different promoter-sequences on transient expression of gus reporter gene in cultured barley (Hordeum vulgare L.) cells (1993)
    Springer
    Plant cell reports 12 (1993), S. 506-509 
    Details
    ISSN: 1432-203X
    Keywords: particle bombardment ; Hordeum vulgare L. ; promoter screening ; transient expression ; gus ; cereal transformation
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Biology
    Notes: Abstract The cauliflower mosaic virus 35S (35S) and the enhanced 35S (E35S) promoters fused with maize alcohol dehydrogenase (Adh1) intron1 or maize shrunken locus (sh1) intronl along with maize Adh1 and rice actin (Act1) promoters fused to their respective first introns were tested for transient expression of the E.coli β-glucuronidase (gus) reporter gene in cultured barley (Hordeum vulgare L) cells. The plasmids, carrying the respective promoterintron combinations to drive the gus fused to nopaline synthase (nos) terminator, were introduced into cultured barley cells using a particle gun. The rice Act1 promoter with its first intron gave the highest expression of all promoter intron combinations studied. This was followed by the E35S promoter and no significant differences were observed between the other two promoters tested. The rice actin promoter is now being used to drive selectable marker genes to obtain stably transformed cereal cells.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/BF00236096
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  • 2
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Cryopreservation of immature spring wheat zygotic embryos using an abscisic acid pretreatment (1993)
    Springer
    Plant cell reports 12 (1993), S. 89-94 
    Details
    ISSN: 1432-203X
    Keywords: cryopreservation ; Triticum aestivum ; abscisic acid
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Biology
    Notes: Abstract Spring wheat (Triticum aestivum L.) zygotic embryos were successfully cryopreserved, without the addition of exogenous cryoprotectants, using only an abscisic acid (ABA) pretreatment. Optimum survival was obtained when embryos were cultured in vitro for 10 days on semisolid Murashige and Skoog (MS) nutrient medium supplemented with 0.5 mg/L (±) ABA prior to cryopreservation. The embryos resumed growth within three days when returned to MS medium devoid of ABA but containing 2mg/L 2,4-dichlorophenoxyacetic acid. The embryogenic calli produced from these embryos exhibited normal plant regeneration on auxin-free media. Changes in dw/fw ratio, as well as the esterified fatty acid and sucrose concentrations correlated positively with the development of tolerance to cryopreservation.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/BF00241941
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  • 3
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Improved embryoid induction and green shoot regeneration from wheat anthers cultured in medium with maltose (1990)
    Springer
    Plant cell reports 9 (1990), S. 365-369 
    Details
    ISSN: 1432-203X
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Biology
    Notes: Summary Anthers from spring wheat (Triticum aestivum L.) genotypes, including six F1 hybrids, were cultured in a modified liquid N6 medium containing either sucrose or maltose. In every case, use of maltose resulted in greater microspore callus induction and green shoot regeneration than culture in sucrose-containing medium. Induction in maltose medium also allowed green shoots to be recovered from crosses that showed only a poor response in other media and from two genotypes that did not respond to modified N6 medium with sucrose. Replacement of sucrose with maltose generally resulted in microspores having a more embryogenic mode of development in which distinct embryoids often formed. The most responsive genotype produced over 200 green shoots/100 anthers when cultured in medium with maltose.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/BF00232400
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  • 4
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Genetic transformation of strawberry by Agrobacterium tumefaciens using a leaf disk regeneration system (1990)
    Springer
    Plant cell reports 9 (1990), S. 293-298 
    Details
    ISSN: 1432-203X
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Biology
    Notes: Abstract An efficient genetic transformation protocol has been developed for strawberry cv. Redcoat using Agrobacterium tumefadens. The protocol relies on a high frequency (84%) shoot regeneration system from leaf disks. The leaf disks were inoculated with a non-oncogenic Agrobacterium tumefadens strain MP90 carrying a binary vector plasmid pBI121 which contains a chimeric nopaline synthase (NOS) promoter driven neomycin phosphotransferase (NPT II) gene and a cauliflower mosaic virus 35S (CaMV35S) promoter driven, ß-glucuronidase (GUS) marker gene. The inoculated leaf disks, pre-cultured for 10 days on non-selective shoot regeneration medium, formed light green meristematic regions on selection medium containing 50 μg/ml kanamycin. These meristematic regions developed into transformed shoots at a frequency of 6.5% on a second selection medium containing 25 μg/ml kanamycin. The selected shoots were multiplied on shoot proliferation medium in the presence of kanamycin. All such shoots were resistant to kanamycin and expressed varying levels of NPT II and GUS enzyme activity. Histochemical assays for GUS activity indicated that the 35S promoter was highly active in meristematic cells of shoot and root apices. Molecular analysis of each transgenic clone confirmed the integration of both marker genes into the strawberry genome. Leaf disks prepared from transformed plants, when put through the second selection cycle on kanamycin, formed callus and exhibited GUS activity. The rooted transformed plants were grown in a greenhouse for further characterization. The protocol may be useful for improvement of strawberry through gene manipulations.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/BF00232854
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  • 5
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Agrobacterium-mediated transformation of strawberry calli and recovery of transgenic plants (1990)
    Springer
    Plant cell reports 9 (1990), S. 10-13 
    Details
    ISSN: 1432-203X
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Biology
    Notes: Abstract Transformed calli and shoots of strawberry (Fragaria × ananassa Duch.) cv. Redcoat were obtained using Agrobacterium tumefaciens carrying plasmid pB1121. Inoculated leaf explants produced transgenic calli at a frequency of 3% on selection medium containing 50 μg/ml kanamycin. Twenty per cent of selected caili regenerated, giving rise to transgenic shoots. All transgenic calli and shoots expressed substantial amounts of GUS and NPT-II activity. The Southern blot analysis confirmed the insertion of both marker genes into the strawberry genome as single and multiple copy inserts. The transgenic shoots elongated on rooting medium in the presence of 25 μg/ml kanamycin, but exhibited reduced rooting ability.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/BF00232125
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  • 6
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Modulation of somatic embryogenesis in early and late-stage embryos of wheat (Triticum aestivum L.) under the influence of (±)-abscisic acid and its analogs (1989)
    Springer
    Plant cell, tissue and organ culture 18 (1989), S. 55-69 
    Details
    ISSN: 1573-5044
    Keywords: wheat ; Triticum aestivum ; ABA ; ABA analogs ; somatic embryogenesis ; precocious germination
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Biology
    Notes: Abstract Zygotic embryos from ten spring wheat (Triticum aestivum L.) genotypes were tested for embryogenic callus induction in the presence or absence of externally supplied (±)-abscisic acid (ABA) and two of its analogs, methyl abscisate and methyl epoxy-beta-ionylideneacetate. (±)-ABA and its analogs suppressed precocious germination of cultured late-stage embryos and promoted embryogenic callus induction. A significantly greater number of plants was regenerated from calli induced in the presence of ABA and ABA analogs. Early-stage embryos when cultured in the presence of (±)-ABA showed a negative response. Possible roles of ABA with respect to the expression of somatic embryogenesis are discussed.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/BF00033465
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  • 7
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    The influence of plant growth regulator concentrations and callus age on somaclonal variation in callus culture regenerants of strawberry (1992)
    Springer
    Plant cell, tissue and organ culture 29 (1992), S. 257-268 
    Details
    ISSN: 1573-5044
    Keywords: callus culture ; flow cytometry ; Fragaria × ananassa Duch. ; isozyme ; somaclones
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Biology
    Notes: Abstract The effect of plant growth regulator concentrations and ageing of callus on the extent and nature of variation among callus culture regenerants of strawberry (Fragaria × ananassa) cv. Redcoat was examined. Plants regenerated from callus culture had reduced plant vigour, shorter petiole length and smaller leaf size, but more leaves and runners under greenhouse conditions. These responses appeared to be due to a physiological influence of plant growth regulators. No distinct phenotypic variants were observed at plant growth regulator concentrations in the range of 1–10 μM each of BA and 2,4-d combination, but the highest concentration (20 μM each) of this combination produced a high frequency (10%) of dwarf type variants. The dwarf nature of these variants was maintained in the runner plants produced by the primary regenerants. The plants regenerated from 8-week-old calli did not show any distinct morphological variants. However, a significant proportion of deformed leaf shape (6–13%) and yellow leaf (21–29%) variants was obtained among plants regenerated from 16 and 24-week-old calli. The primary regenerants of the leaf shape variants were established as chimeras. The chimeric plants produced runner progeny with normal plants and plants with completely distorted leaf morphology. Both leaf shape and yellow leaf variants remained stable through runner propagation. Isozyme analysis failed to distinguish any of the variants from the standard runner plants. Flow cytometric analysis indicated the aneuploid nature of leaf shape variants but it could not distinguish dwarf and yellow leaf variants from standard runner plants.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/BF00034361
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  • 8
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Cryopreservation of wheat suspension culture and regenerable callus (1985)
    Springer
    Plant cell, tissue and organ culture 4 (1985), S. 101-109 
    Details
    ISSN: 1573-5044
    Keywords: wheat ; cryopreservation ; suspension ; callus ; plant regeneration
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Biology
    Notes: Abstract Wheat (Triticum aestivum L. cv. Norstar) suspension cultures and regenerable calli initiated from immature embryos can be cryopreserved in liquid nitrogen temperature (−196°C) by slow freezing (0.5°C/min) in the presence of a mixture of DMSO and sucrose or sorbitol. Cold hardening or ABA treatment before cryopreservation increased the freezing resistance and improved the survival of wheat suspension culture in liquid nitrogen. Callus culture, established from immature embryos, prefrozen in 5% DMSO and 0.5M sorbitol survived liquid nitrogen storage and resumed plant regeneration after thawing. The results confirm the feasibility of long term preservation of wheat embryo callus by cryopreservation and retention of plant regeneration ability.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/BF00042268
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  • 9
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Molecular cloning and expression analysis of peroxidase genes from wheat (1995)
    Springer
    Plant molecular biology 29 (1995), S. 647-662 
    Details
    ISSN: 1573-5028
    Keywords: gene expression ; peroxidase ; powdery mildew ; splicing ; Triticum aestivum L.
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Biology
    Notes: Abstract A PCR-based screening approach was used to isolate genomic clones from wheat encoding peroxidase isozymes. Three complete genes (pox1, pox2 and pox4) and one truncated gene (pox3) were characterized. The nucleotide sequences predicted mature proteins of 31 kDa, in which all the highly conserved motifs of secreted plant peroxidases were preserved. The coding regions showed 73–83% DNA sequence identity, with the highest level of similarity noted for the tandemly oriented pox2 and pox3. Expression of respective pox genes in various tissues of wheat was assessed by the RT-PCR technique, which showed that all four genes are active. The primary pox1 mRNA was spliced to remove three introns, whereas processing of the other pox transcripts involved only two intervening sequences. Splicing occurred at consensus GU/AG splice sites except for the first introns of pox1, pox2 and pox4 transcripts, where processing took place at unusual GC donor sites. The RNA analysis suggested that the pox1, pox2 and pox4 genes are predominantly expressed in roots. Lower levels of expression were found for pox4 and pox3 in leaves. Infection of wheat by the powdery mildew fungus selectively induced expression of pox2 in leaves.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/BF00041156
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  • 10
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Is somaclonal variation a reliable tool for spring wheat improvement? (1992)
    Springer
    Euphytica 60 (1992), S. 221-228 
    Details
    ISSN: 1573-5060
    Keywords: agronomic performance ; somaclonal variation ; tissue culture ; Triticum aestivum ; wheat
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Agriculture, Forestry, Horticulture, Fishery, Domestic Science, Nutrition
    Notes: Summary Seed progeny of tissue culture regenerants of a spring wheat (Triticum aestivum L. cv. HY320) was evaluated for key agronomic traits for three years under field conditions. Initially, 27 regenerant families were tested in hill plots. Among-family and within-family variation was generally highly significant (p 〈 0.01) and nonsignificant, respectively. The variation observed among regenerants on the basis of hill plot testing was not duplicated in subsequent four-row plot experiments. On average, regenerant families yielded 28 and 5% less than the control in dryland and irrigated tests, respectively. Low yielding regenerants tended to produce fewer, lighter kernels per spike. Higher grain protein levels among regenerants were associated with low yields (r=0.85). This study demonstrated that putative somaclonal variation arising from tissue culture failed to produce genotypes agronomically superior to the parental cultivar, HY 320.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/BF00039402
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