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  • 1
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    On the linewidth of microcavity lasers (1992)
    Woodbury, NY : American Institute of Physics (AIP)
    Applied Physics Letters 60 (1992), S. 304-306 
    Details
    ISSN: 1077-3118
    Source: AIP Digital Archive
    Topics: Physics
    Notes: In a recent letter by G. P. Agrawal and G. R. Gray [Appl. Phys. Lett. 59, 399 (1991)] the frequency and phase noise of vertical-cavity surface-emitting microlasers is calculated using rate equations and Langevin noise sources. In this letter we re-examine their calculations and get different results. Specifically, we predict that an increase of the spontaneous emission coupling coefficient will not necessarily lead to an increase in linewidth. It is also found that the reported "anomalous linewidth enhancement'' is present in all lasers with a nonzero linewidth enhancement factor.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1063/1.106693
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  • 2
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    BIOMIMETIC NANOSCALE REACTORS AND NETWORKS (2004)
    Palo Alto, Calif. : Annual Reviews
    Annual Review of Physical Chemistry 55 (2004), S. 613-649 
    Details
    ISSN: 0066-426X
    Source: Annual Reviews Electronic Back Volume Collection 1932-2001ff
    Topics: Chemistry and Pharmacology , Physics
    Notes: Methods based on self-assembly, self-organization, and forced shape transformations to form synthetic or semisynthetic enclosed lipid bilayer structures with several properties similar to biological nanocompartments are reviewed. The procedures offer unconventional micro- and nanofabrication routes to yield complex soft-matter devices for a variety of applications for example, in physical chemistry and nanotechnology. In particular, we describe novel micromanipulation methods for producing fluid-state lipid bilayer networks of nanotubes and surface-immobilized vesicles with controlled geometry, topology, membrane composition, and interior contents. Mass transport in nanotubes and materials exchange, for example, between conjugated containers, can be controlled by creating a surface tension gradient that gives rise to a moving boundary or by induced shape transformations. The network devices can operate with extremely small volume elements and low mass, to the limit of single molecules and particles at a length scale where a continuum mechanics approximation may break down. Thus, we also describe some concepts of anomalous fluctuation-dominated kinetics and anomalous diffusive behaviours, including hindered transport, as they might become important in studying chemistry and transport phenomena in these confined systems. The networks are suitable for initiating and controlling chemical reactions in confined biomimetic compartments for rationalizing, for example, enzyme behaviors, as well as for applications in nanofluidics, bioanalytical devices, and to construct computational and complex sensor systems with operations building on chemical kinetics, coupled reactions and controlled mass transport.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1146/annurev.physchem.55.091602.094319
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  • 3
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Molecular engineering Networks of nanotubes and containers (2001)
    [s.l.] : Macmillan Magazines Ltd.
    Nature 409 (2001), S. 150-152 
    Details
    ISSN: 1476-4687
    Source: Nature Archives 1869 - 2009
    Topics: Biology , Chemistry and Pharmacology , Medicine , Natural Sciences in General , Physics
    Notes: [Auszug] We have constructed complex two-dimensional microscopic networks of phospholipid bilayer nanotubes and containers in which we are able to control the connectivity, container size, nanotube length, and angle between the nanotube extensions. Containers within these networks can be chemically ...
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1038/35051656
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  • 4
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Quantum correlations in dual quantum measurements (1997)
    Springer
    Applied physics 64 (1997), S. 235-241 
    Details
    ISSN: 1432-0649
    Keywords: PACS: 42.50.Lc ; 42.50.Dv ; 03.65.B
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Physics
    Notes: Abstract.  We analyze the quantum measurement properties of dual non-degenerate parametric amplifers in the twin-beam configuration, in the cascaded back-action-evasion configuration, and in Kerr-type photon-number quantum non-demolition measurements. It is found that Einstein-Podolsky-Rosen correlations can be obtained between the quadrature components of an idler mode and the sum of the readout of two signal modes. Furthermore, we discuss dual-mode quantum non-demolition measurements on the combination of two light modes, and the generation of number-state entanglement.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/s003400050169
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  • 5
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Assembly-initiated production - a strategy for mass-customisation utilising modular, hybrid automatic production systems (2002)
    Bradford : Emerald
    Assembly automation 22 (2002), S. 239-247 
    Details
    ISSN: 0144-5154
    Source: Emerald Fulltext Archive Database 1994-2005
    Topics: Mechanical Engineering, Materials Science, Production Engineering, Mining and Metallurgy, Traffic Engineering, Precision Mechanics
    Notes: The assembly-initiated production (AIP) project aims at developing a strategy for mass-customisation with short lead times through the production. The presented results are the outcome of cooperative work between KTH and 19 companies of different sizes, active in Sweden. AIP is formed around the idea to assemble products from product modules on customer orders. The total delivery time would be time to process order + assembly time + shipping-time. This gives a total delivery time considerably shorter than when manufacturing the entire product to order. There are many factors to consider. Challenges like modularising the products to fit the strategy, finding ways to automate assembly and manufacturing operations, and at the same time, accomplish a flexible production solution. There are also many other factors to consider being successful in mass customisation, like materials supply and material handling issues, information system design and creating a suitable organisation form. Of utmost importance is the way the factors affect each other and the production as a whole when changes are made.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1108/01445150210436455
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  • 6
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    A Multiplicative Ergodic Theorem and Nonpositively Curved Spaces (1999)
    Springer
    Communications in mathematical physics 208 (1999), S. 107-123 
    Details
    ISSN: 1432-0916
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Mathematics , Physics
    Notes: Abstract: We study integrable cocycles u(n,x) over an ergodic measure preserving transformation that take values in a semigroup of nonexpanding maps of a nonpositively curved space Y, e.g. a Cartan–Hadamard space or a uniformly convex Banach space. It is proved that for any y∈Y and almost all x, there exist A≥ 0 and a unique geodesic ray γ (t,x) in Y starting at y such that In the case where Y is the symmetric space GL N (ℝ)/O N (ℝ) and the cocycles take values in GL N (ℝ), this is equivalent to the multiplicative ergodic theorem of Oseledec. Two applications are also described. The first concerns the determination of Poisson boundaries and the second concerns Hilbert-Schmidt operators.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/s002200050750
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  • 7
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Initial seedling emergence of hairy birch and silver birch on abandoned fields following different site preparation regimes (1996)
    Springer
    New forests 11 (1996), S. 93-123 
    Details
    ISSN: 1573-5095
    Keywords: afforestation ; arable land ; Betula pendula ; Betula pubescens ; direct seeding ; natural regeneration
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Agriculture, Forestry, Horticulture, Fishery, Domestic Science, Nutrition
    Notes: Abstract Experiments were carried out at four sites in Sweden to investigate the possibility of establishing hairy birch (Betula pubescens Ehrh.) and silver birch (Betula pendula Roth) on abandoned fields using natural regeneration and (or) direct seeding. The effects of six soil preparation methods (no preparation, ordinary ploughing, rotary cultivation, deep ploughing, inverted ground, removal of top-soil) and five additional treatments (no treatment, herbicide, peat litter, wood-ashes, slaked lime) on seedling emergence percentages (SEP) and vegetation cover percentages (VCP) were studied. SEP-values were estimated in June (SEP(J)) and October (SEP(O)). The experimental designs used were: 1) split-plot design with whole plots in a randomized complete block design (RCBD); 2) RCBD. The SEP-values observed with no preparation were close to 0% while the SEP-values obtained with mechanical soil preparation methods mostly were much higher (p≤0.014). Seedbeds with top-soil in the surface, created by ordinary ploughing or rotary cultivation, and seedbeds with mainly bare mineral soil in the surface, created by deep ploughing, inverted ground or removal of top-soil, obtained SEP-values of equal merit on silty soils, reaching SEP(O)-values up to 15%. The latter seedbeds obtained the best results on sandy soil, with as high SEP(O)-values as 47% after removal of top-soil. Seedbeds with top-soil in the surface were quickly colonized by ground vegetation, reaching VCP-values between 70% and 100%. Herbicide spraying with glyphosate and application of peat litter to the seedbed surface promoted seedling emergence. However, herbicide spraying before soil preparation was of little effect when followed by mechanical soil preparation.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/BF00033407
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  • 8
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Call for papers (2001)
    Springer
    The European physical journal 14 (2001), S. 3-3 
    Details
    ISSN: 1434-6079
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Physics
    Notes: The collective phenomena of quantum interference, including wave particle duality and apparent non-locality, have intrigued the physics community for many years. It is only recently that we have begun to turn these somewhat counter intuitive quantum phenomena to good use. A leading force in that direction is quantum cryptography - absolute secure key exchange encoding data on the polarisation or phase of individual photons, or using the quantum correlations between pairs of particles. Technologies are now implemented to bring the various forms of quantum cryptography to commercial application. At the same time the possibility of communications applications has stimulated the study of a variety of novel quantum interference phenomena. Quantum information experiments involving two, three and four photons are planned and a novel Field of continuous variable (many photon) quantum information has emerged. These various aspects of quantum cryptography are considered in the conference “QUICK: Quan- tum interference and cryptographic keys: novel physics and advancing technologies", taking place in Cargese from April 7 to 13, 2001. Following that conference, we invite submission of original papers to a special issue of the European Physical Journal D, on the following topics: - quantum cryptography technologies, - quantum cryptography systems, - free space quantum cryptography and satellites, - pair-photon sources and multiphoton interference, - single photon sources, - continuous variable quantum information, - security aspects, - cryptographic protocols, - entanglement purification in cryptographic schemes, - novel physics and quantum gates for photonic qubits. The submitted articles should be sent to the EPJ D Editorial Office in Orsay. The deadline is July 15, 2001. We look forward to a stimulating special issue.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/s100530170225
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  • 9
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Call for papers Special issue on “Quantum interference and cryptographic keys: novel physics and advancing technologies" (2001)
    Springer
    The European physical journal 14 (2001), S. 269-269 
    Details
    ISSN: 1434-6079
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Physics
    Notes: The collective phenomena of quantum interference, including wave particle duality and apparent non-locality, have intrigued the physics community for many years. It is only recently that we have begun to turn these somewhat counter intuitive quantum phenomena to good use. A leading force in that direction is quantum cryptography - absolute secure key exchange encoding data on the polarisation or phase of individual photons, or using the quantum correlations between pairs of particles. Technologies are now implemented to bring the various forms of quantum cryptography to commercial application. At the same time the possibility of communications applications has stimulated the study of a variety of novel quantum interference phenomena. Quantum information experiments involving two, three and four photons are planned and a novel Field of continuous variable (many photon) quantum information has emerged. These various aspects of quantum cryptography are considered in the conference “QUICK: Quan- tum interference and cryptographic keys: novel physics and advancing technologies", taking place in Cargese from April 7 to 13, 2001. Following that conference, we invite submission of original papers to a special issue of the European Physical Journal D, on the following topics: - quantum cryptography technologies, - quantum cryptography systems, - free space quantum cryptography and satellites, - pair-photon sources and multiphoton interference, - single photon sources, - continuous variable quantum information, - security aspects, - cryptographic protocols, - entanglement purification in cryptographic schemes, - novel physics and quantum gates for photonic qubits. The submitted articles should be sent to the EPJ D Editorial Office in Orsay. The deadline is July 15, 2001. We look forward to a stimulating special issue.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/s100530170192
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  • 10
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Call for papers Special issue on “Quantum interference and cryptographic keys: novel physics and advancing technologies" (2001)
    Springer
    The European physical journal 15 (2001), S. 3-3 
    Details
    ISSN: 1434-6079
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Physics
    Notes: The collective phenomena of quantum interference, including wave particle duality and apparent non-locality, have intrigued the physics community for many years. It is only recently that we have begun to turn these somewhat counter intuitive quantum phenomena to good use. A leading force in that direction is quantum cryptography - absolute secure key exchange encoding data on the polarisation or phase of individual photons, or using the quantum correlations between pairs of particles. Technologies are now implemented to bring the various forms of quantum cryptography to commercial application. At the same time the possibility of communications applications has stimulated the study of a variety of novel quantum interference phenomena. Quantum information experiments involving two, three and four photons are planned and a novel Field of continuous variable (many photon) quantum information has emerged. These various aspects of quantum cryptography are considered in the conference “QUICK: Quan- tum interference and cryptographic keys: novel physics and advancing technologies", taking place in Cargese from April 7 to 13, 2001. Following that conference, we invite submission of original papers to a special issue of the European Physical Journal D, on the following topics: - quantum cryptography technologies, - quantum cryptography systems, - free space quantum cryptography and satellites, - pair-photon sources and multiphoton interference, - single photon sources, - continuous variable quantum information, - security aspects, - cryptographic protocols, - entanglement purification in cryptographic schemes, - novel physics and quantum gates for photonic qubits. The submitted articles should be sent to the EPJ D Editorial Office in Orsay. The deadline is July 15, 2001. We look forward to a stimulating special issue.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/s100530170176
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