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  • 1
    Publication Date: 2011-12-13
    Description: Copepod grazing is a fundamental link between autotrophs and heterotrophs, affecting the particle size spectrum, modifying trophic interactions for a wide range of organisms, and playing a potentially significant role in the carbon cycle. A considerable amount of work has been done to quantify and understand feeding in copepods from a behavioral, physiological and ecological standpoint. An impressive body of knowledge has accumulated as a result. However, some of the methods used to experimentally determine copepod grazing have known, un-quantified problems. The small size of individual copepods requires the use of multiple animals, thereby introducing poorly understood variability. Digestion and gut dynamics in copepods are not fully understood either. Here we propose an approach to measure grazing that aims to be complementary to past contributions. Using a novel planar laser imaging technique, we have quantified grazing (pellet evacuation rates and gut clearance rates, K ) in feeding copepods ( Calanus pacificus ). Highly resolved time series up to 5 h long were obtained from individual copepods at three different temperatures. K was found to be temperature-dependent, to vary in time and among copepods, and to be significantly higher during feeding than non-feeding, invalidating some assumptions of previous methods. Previous studies not accounting for the observed variations in K may have underestimated copepod ingestion by 15–70%. This suggests that copepods may exert a greater grazing pressure on phytoplankton than previously estimated, implying a higher copepod-mediated vertical carbon transport, and a greater transfer rate of energy to higher trophic levels.
    Print ISSN: 0142-7873
    Electronic ISSN: 1464-3774
    Topics: Biology
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  • 2
    Publication Date: 2019-07-12
    Description: First attempt at quantifying uncertainties in ocean remote sensing reflectance satellite measurements. Based on 1000 iterations of Monte Carlo. Data source is a SeaWiFS 4-day composite, 2003. The uncertainty is for remote sensing reflectance (Rrs) at 443 nm.
    Keywords: Oceanography
    Type: GSFC-E-DAA-TN34240
    Format: application/pdf
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  • 3
    Publication Date: 2019-07-13
    Description: Cetacean (whales, dolphins and porpoises) mass strandings are a longstanding mystery in the field of marine biology that continue to be recorded in coastal environments around the world. For each of these events, anywhere from a few to several hundred otherwise healthy animals strand in onshore environments, often for no apparent reason. While the causes of these events remain unclear, anthropogenic and naturogenic mechanisms have been suggested. We present results of an inter-disciplinary study that draws expertise from space weather, marine mammal biology and ecology, and marine mammal stranding response. This study assessed 16 years of cetacean stranding events in the Cape Cod (Massachusetts, USA) area concurrently with a large dataset of meteorological, geophysical, biological, oceanographic and space weather data to produce inferences about possible causes for these unexplained events.
    Keywords: Life Sciences (General)
    Type: GSFC-E-DAA-TN49142 , American Geophysical Union (AGU) Fall Meeting 2017; Dec 11, 2017 - Dec 15, 2017; New Orleans, LA; United States
    Format: application/pdf
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