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  • 1
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Dynamics of the actin cytoskeleton, hyphal tip growth and the movement of the two nuclei in the dikaryon ofCoprinus cinereus (1996)
    Springer
    Mycoscience 37 (1996), S. 339-344 
    Details
    ISSN: 1618-2545
    Keywords: actin ; conjugate division ; Coprinus cinereus ; nuclear movement ; tip growth
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Biology
    Notes: Abstract We first examined the changes in distribution of F-actin during conjugate division in the apical cells of the dikaryon ofCoprinus cinereus using indirect immunofluorescence microscopy, then followed hyphal tip growth and the movement of the two nuclei in the apical cells using differential interference contrast microscopy (DIC). In apical cells with interphase nuclei, F-actin occurred solely as peripheral plaques, which were distributed along the whole length of the cell and were more concentrated at the tips, where they formed caps. In the early prophase of conjugate division, F-actin was transiently concentrated, as diffused form and plaques, at hyphal regions where the two nuclei sit, and this was accompanied by transient disappearance of the actin cap at the hyphal tip in the majority of cells. The actin cap was also present at the tips of growing clamp cells from late prophase through metaphase and disintegrated during anaphase. In telophase, actin rings formed at the future septa. DIC revealed that, in early prophase, when the F-actin array occurs around the two nuclei and the actin cap is absent at hyphal tips, hyphae kept growing and the second nucleus accelerated its forward movement to catch up with the leading nucleus, which was still moving forward.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/BF02461306
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  • 2
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Effects of amino-acid substitutions in β tubulin on benomyl sensitivity and microtubule functions inCoprinus cinereus (1999)
    Springer
    Mycoscience 40 (1999), S. 241-249 
    Details
    ISSN: 1618-2545
    Keywords: benomyl resistance ; Coprinus cinereus ; microtubule ; β tubulin
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Biology
    Notes: Abstract The sensitivity of the homobasidiomyceteCoprinus cinereus to the benzimidazole fungicide benomyl allowed us to isolate β-tubulin mutants as strains resistant to benomyl. To understand the molecular basis for the interaction between benomyl and β tubulin and for cellular defects in the β-tubulin mutants, we first analyzed the wild-type β1-tubulin gene (benA) ofC. cinereus, revealing thatbenA contains eight introns and encodes a 445 amino-acid protein. We then characterized 16 β1-tubulin mutants. The 16 mutations involved 11 different amino-acid substitutions at 10 different residues in β1 tubulin. The mutated residues were widely distributed along the primary sequence of β1 tubulin, from residue 3 in the N-terminal domain to residue 350 in the intermediate domain, but half of them appeared to be close to the αβ intradimer interface in an atomic model determined by electron crystallography. The benomyl resistant strain BEN 193, which exhibits clear heat sensitivity for hyphal growth and defects in various cellular processes, had a novel mutation, i.e., the Leu to Phe substitution at residue 350. Benomyl resistance and the heat sensitivity in BEN 193 were suppressed by additional amino-acid substitutions at various residues in β1 tubulin, suggesting that conformational changes of β1 tubulin are involved in the alterations.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/BF02463961
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  • 3
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Partial contig map of the smallest chromosome inCoprinus cinereus (1997)
    Springer
    Mycoscience 38 (1997), S. 127-133 
    Details
    ISSN: 1618-2545
    Keywords: chromosome length polymorphisms ; chromosome-specific cosmid library ; contig map ; meiotic recombination ; physical analysis
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Biology
    Notes: Abstract We have constructed a chromosome-specific cosmid library from electrophoretically separated chromosomes of the basidiomyceteCoprinus cinereus and performed contig mapping and analysis of chromosome length polymorphisms (CLPs) for the smallest chromosome of the 5302 strain. A contig map of about 300 kb indicated that the novel size chromosomes in the F1 progeny were apparently recombinants containing physical markers derived from both ends and central regions in this map. This may be the first case in which the formation of CLPs in the F1 generation has been explained using the contig map. The results obtained were consistent with the hypothesis that novel CLPs were produced by meiotic recombination between the parental homologous chromosomes of unequal sizes.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/BF02460847
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  • 4
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Isolation and characterization of developmental variants in fruiting using a homokaryotic fruiting strain ofCoprinus cinereus (1999)
    Springer
    Mycoscience 40 (1999), S. 227-233 
    Details
    ISSN: 1618-2545
    Keywords: basidiomycete ; Coprinus ; developmental variants ; fruit-body morphogenesis ; homokaryotic fruiting
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Biology
    Notes: Abstract Developmental variants in fruiting ofCoprinus cinereus were induced by mutagenizing oidia of the homokaryotic fruiting strain CopD5-12 with UV light. Through screening of 2,696 isolates, 1,018 strains exhibited defects in fruiting and were classified into 8 groups: (1) knotless variants, which fail to form hyphal knots, the first visible sign of fruiting; (2) primordiumless variants, which form hyphal knots but fail to develop fruit-body primordia; (3) maturationless variants, which form fruit-body primordia but do not form mature fruit bodies; (4) elongationless variants, which form mature fruit bodies with short stipes; (5) expansionless variants, which form mature fruit bodies with unexpanded pilei; (6) sporeless variants, which fail to produce black basidiospores, resulting in fruit bodies with white pilei after maturation; (7) compound type, which includes variants exhibiting several of the phenotypes described above; (8) others, including variants that produce a “dark stipe” even under in light/dark conditions, which is formed under continuous darkness in the wild-type. Two elongationless variants were characterized histologically.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/BF02463959
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  • 5
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Temperature-sensitive mutants ofCoprinus cinereus defective in hyphal growth and stipe elongation (1984)
    Springer
    Current microbiology 11 (1984), S. 309-311 
    Details
    ISSN: 1432-0991
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Biology , Medicine
    Notes: Abstract Temperature-sensitive variants defective in hyphal growth of the basidiomyceteCoprinus cinereus were isolated from oidia treated by UV orN-methyl-N′-nitro-N-nitrosoguanidine. In 23 out of 27 variant strains isolated, the temperature-sensitive variation was shown to be due to recessive single-gene mutation. All of the 23 mutants exhibited apparent interallelic complementation with one another, with the exception of one pair. The mutants were mated with their respective progeny to construct temperature-sensitive dikaryons carrying the mutant genes homozygously. Fruiting test of the respective dikaryons showed that eight mutations reduce stipe elongation during basidiocarp maturation at a restrictive temperature (37°C).
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/BF01567696
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  • 6
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Extragenic suppressor mutations of a β-tubulin mutation in the basidiomyceteCoprinus cinereus: Isolation and genetic and biochemical analyses (1990)
    Springer
    Current microbiology 20 (1990), S. 223-228 
    Details
    ISSN: 1432-0991
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Biology , Medicine
    Notes: Abstract In total, 111 revertants were isolated from the oidia of a heat-sensitive, β-tubulin mutant BEN193 (benA193) of the basidiomyceteCoprinus cinereus after mutagenesis by ultraviolet. Of the 111 revertants, 48 were genetically analyzed. In 15 of the 48 revertants, reversion was due to mutations at loci unlinked tobenA, whereas in the remaining 33 revertants, reversion was due to mutations withinbenA or at loci closely linked tobenA. The 15 extragenic suppressor mutations comprised three groups in terms of genetic linkage; two of them were designated asmipA andmipB. Suppressor mutations in the third group were found to bebenC, one of the four loci we have previously identified as genes conferring benomyl resistance. Biochemical analysis revealed thatbenC + is a structural gene for a major α-tubulin in vegetative hyphae.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/BF02089414
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  • 7
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Changes in (1→3)-β-glucanase activities during stipe elongation inCoprinus cinereus (1985)
    Springer
    Current microbiology 12 (1985), S. 257-259 
    Details
    ISSN: 1432-0991
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Biology , Medicine
    Notes: Abstract Cell-free extracts and cell wall autolysates prepared from the stipes of basidiocarp ofCoprinus cinereus were examined for (1→3)-β-glucanase activities. Gel filtration revealed two major peaks and a minor one of (1→3)-β-glucanases in both of the preparations, the former ones being designated as glucanase I and glucanase II. Glucanase I with a molecular weight of 300,000 had activity towardp-nitrophenyl-β-d-glucoside (pNPG) as well as laminarin, whereas glucanase II with a molecular weight of 70,000 had no activity toward pNPG. Both enzymes had only negligible activity toward pustulan. During stipe elongation, the level of glucanase-II activity remarkably increased with increasing rate of the elongation, whereas that of glucanase-I activity remained almost constant, in both the cell-free extract and the cell wall autolysate. Near the end of stipe elongation, both glucanase activities were lowered in the cell wall autolysate, but remained high in the cell-free extract.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/BF01567974
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  • 8
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Isolation and genetic analysis of resistant mutants to the benzimidazole fungicide benomyl inCoprinus cinereus (1989)
    Springer
    Current microbiology 18 (1989), S. 215-218 
    Details
    ISSN: 1432-0991
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Biology , Medicine
    Notes: Abstract In total, 404 variants resistant to the antimicrotubule agent benomyl were isolated from UV-irradiated oidia of the basidiomyceteCoprinus cinereus. Part of the variants showed, in addition to benomyl resistance, heat sensitivity or heat dependence. Fifteen variants selected on the basis of different phenotypes were subjected to further analyses. All of the 15 variations were due to single-gene mutations, and the mutations comprised four groups (benA, benB, benC, andbenD) in terms of genetic linkage. Some of the 15 mutations affected nuclear migration in dikaryosis and/or fruiting processes.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/BF01570294
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  • 9
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    Hypoxia affects Slc7a5 expression through HIF‐2α in differentiated neuronal cells (2019)
    Elsevier
    Details
    Publication Date: 2019
    Description: The expression of solute carrier transporter 7a5 (Slc7a5) is upregulated by hypoxia through hypoxia‐inducible factor 2α (HIF‐2α) but not by HIF‐1α in differentiated neuronal cells. Hypoxia directly enhances the recruitment of HIF‐2α to the proximal promoter of Slc7a5, resulting in its upregulated expression in differentiated neuronal cells. An imbalance of branched‐chain amino acids (BCAAs) in the brain may result in neuropathological conditions, such as autism spectrum disorders. The L‐type amino acid transporter 1 (LAT1), encoded by the solute carrier transporter 7a5 (Slc7a5) gene, is critical for maintaining normal levels of BCAAs in the brain. However, our understanding of the mechanisms that regulate the expression of LAT1/Slc7a5 in neurons is currently limited. Here, we demonstrate that hypoxic conditions result in upregulated expression of Slc7a5 in differentiated neuronal cells (Neuro2A cells induced to differentiate using all‐trans retinoic acid). Mechanistically, hypoxia‐induced expression of Slc7a5 is markedly reduced by short hairpin RNA (shRNA)‐mediated knockdown of hypoxia‐inducible factor 2α (HIF‐2α), but not by shRNA targeting HIF‐1α, in differentiated neuronal cells. Moreover, hypoxia increased the binding of HIF‐2α to the proximal promoter of Slc7a5 in differentiated neuronal cells. These results indicate that hypoxia directly enhances the recruitment of HIF‐2α to the proximal promoter of Slc7a5, resulting in its upregulated expression in differentiated neuronal cells. These findings indicate that Slc7a5 may be a novel gene responsive to hypoxia in a HIF‐2α‐dependent manner in differentiated neuronal cells.
    Electronic ISSN: 2211-5463
    Topics: Biology
    Published by Elsevier on behalf of The Federation of European Biochemical Societies (FEBS).
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  • 10
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    Extragenic suppressor mutations of a β-tubulin mutation in the basidiomyceteCoprinus cinereus: Isolation and genetic and biochemical analyses (1990)
    Springer
    Details
    Publication Date: 1990-04-01
    Print ISSN: 0343-8651
    Electronic ISSN: 1432-0991
    Topics: Biology , Medicine
    Published by Springer
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