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  • 1
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    Two-dimensional crystallization of monomeric bovine cytochrome c oxidase with bound cytochrome c in reconstituted lipid membranes (2016)
    Oxford University Press
    Details
    Publication Date: 2016-05-29
    Description: Mitochondrial cytochrome c oxidase utilizes electrons provided by c ytochrome c for the active vectorial transport of protons across the inner mitochondrial membrane through the reduction of molecular oxygen to water. Direct structural evidence on the transient cytochrome c oxidase–cytochrome c complex thus far, however, remains elusive and its physiological relevant oligomeric form is unclear. Here, we report on the 2D crystallization of monomeric bovine cytochrome c oxidase with tightly bound cytochrome c at a molar ratio of 1:1 in reconstituted lipid membranes at the basic pH of 8.5 and low ionic strength.
    Print ISSN: 0022-0744
    Electronic ISSN: 1477-9986
    Topics: Electrical Engineering, Measurement and Control Technology , Natural Sciences in General , Physics
    Published by Oxford University Press on behalf of The Japanese Electron Microscopy Society.
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  • 2
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    Cryo-EM structure of Rb+-bound H+,K+-ATPase [Biochemistry] (2012)
    National Academy of Sciences
    Details
    Publication Date: 2012-11-08
    Description: Gastric H+,K+-ATPase is responsible for gastric acid secretion. ATP-driven H+ uptake into the stomach is efficiently accomplished by the exchange of an equal amount of K+, resulting in a luminal pH close to 1. Because of the limited free energy available for ATP hydrolysis, the stoichiometry of transported cations is...
    Print ISSN: 0027-8424
    Electronic ISSN: 1091-6490
    Topics: Biology , Medicine , Natural Sciences in General
    Published by National Academy of Sciences
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  • 3
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    Carbon sandwich preparation preserves quality of two-dimensional crystals for cryo-electron microscopy (2013)
    Oxford University Press
    Details
    Publication Date: 2013-12-04
    Description: Received 7 June 2013; accepted 21 June 2013Abstract Electron crystallography is an important method for determining the structure of membrane proteins. In this paper, we show the impact of a carbon sandwich preparation on the preservation of crystalline sample quality, using characteristic examples of two-dimensional (2D) crystals from gastric H + ,K + -ATPase and their analyzed images. Compared with the ordinary single carbon support film preparation, the carbon sandwich preparation dramatically enhanced the resolution of images from flat sheet 2D crystals. As water evaporation is restricted in the carbon-sandwiched specimen, the improvement could be due to the strong protective effect of the retained water against drastic changes in the environment surrounding the specimen, such as dehydration and increased salt concentrations. This protective effect by the carbon sandwich technique helped to maintain the inherent and therefore best crystal conditions for analysis. Together with its strong compensation effect for the image shift due to beam-induced specimen charging, the carbon sandwich technique is a powerful method for preserving crystals of membrane proteins with larger hydrophilic regions, such as H + ,K + -ATPase, and thus constitutes an efficient and high-quality method for collecting data for the structural analysis of these types of membrane proteins by electron crystallography.
    Print ISSN: 0022-0744
    Electronic ISSN: 1477-9986
    Topics: Electrical Engineering, Measurement and Control Technology , Natural Sciences in General , Physics
    Published by Oxford University Press on behalf of The Japanese Electron Microscopy Society.
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  • 4
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    Energetic ions in ITER plasmas (2015)
    American Institute of Physics (AIP)
    Details
    Publication Date: 2015-02-14
    Description: This paper discusses the behaviour and consequences of the expected populations of energetic ions in ITER plasmas. It begins with a careful analytic and numerical consideration of the stability of Alfvén Eigenmodes in the ITER 15 MA baseline scenario. The stability threshold is determined by balancing the energetic ion drive against the dominant damping mechanisms and it is found that only in the outer half of the plasma ( r / a 〉 0.5 ) can the fast ions overcome the thermal ion Landau damping. This is in spite of the reduced numbers of alpha-particles and beam ions in this region but means that any Alfvén Eigenmode-induced redistribution is not expected to influence the fusion burn process. The influence of energetic ions upon the main global MHD phenomena expected in ITER's primary operating scenarios, including sawteeth, neoclassical tearing modes and Resistive Wall Modes, is also reviewed. Fast ion losses due to the non-axisymmetric fields arising from the finite number of toroidal field coils, the inclusion of ferromagnetic inserts, the presence of test blanket modules containing ferromagnetic material, and the fields created by the Edge Localised Mode (ELM) control coils in ITER are discussed. The greatest losses and associated heat loads onto the plasma facing components arise due to the use of the ELM control coils and come from neutral beam ions that are ionised in the plasma edge.
    Print ISSN: 1070-664X
    Electronic ISSN: 1089-7674
    Topics: Physics
    Published by American Institute of Physics (AIP)
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  • 5
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    Experimental and numerical investigation of unsteady behavior of cavitating vortices in draft tube of low specific speed Francis turbine (2014)
    Institute of Physics (IOP)
    Details
    Publication Date: 2014-12-11
    Description: At both partial and full load of Francis turbines, the unsteady behavior of cavitating draft tube vortices occurs and leads to undesirable matters such as power house vibration, noise and power swing in some cases. This paper presents the investigation of the interaction between the flow pattern at runner outlet and the unsteady behavior of cavitating vortices in draft tube with experimental and numerical approaches. On the experimental research, the pressure pulsation in the draft tube is measured and the unsteady behavior of cavitating vortices is taken pictures with a high speed camera in the model test. On the numerical research, by Computational Fluid Dynamics (CFD) adopting a two-phase unsteady analysis, the analysis domain from the guide vane to the draft tube is carried out for investigating the interaction between the runner outlet flow and the vortex pattern. The pressure pulsation at the upper draft tube and the unsteady behavior of cavitating vortices obtained from C...
    Print ISSN: 1755-1307
    Electronic ISSN: 1755-1315
    Topics: Geography , Geosciences , Physics
    Published by Institute of Physics (IOP)
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  • 6
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    Crystal structure of a claudin provides insight into the architecture of tight junctions (2014)
    American Association for the Advancement of Science (AAAS)
    Details
    Publication Date: 2014-04-20
    Description: Tight junctions are cell-cell adhesion structures in epithelial cell sheets that surround organ compartments in multicellular organisms and regulate the permeation of ions through the intercellular space. Claudins are the major constituents of tight junctions and form strands that mediate cell adhesion and function as paracellular barriers. We report the structure of mammalian claudin-15 at a resolution of 2.4 angstroms. The structure reveals a characteristic beta-sheet fold comprising two extracellular segments, which is anchored to a transmembrane four-helix bundle by a consensus motif. Our analyses suggest potential paracellular pathways with distinctive charges on the extracellular surface, providing insight into the molecular basis of ion homeostasis across tight junctions.〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Notes: 〈/span〉Suzuki, Hiroshi -- Nishizawa, Tomohiro -- Tani, Kazutoshi -- Yamazaki, Yuji -- Tamura, Atsushi -- Ishitani, Ryuichiro -- Dohmae, Naoshi -- Tsukita, Sachiko -- Nureki, Osamu -- Fujiyoshi, Yoshinori -- New York, N.Y. -- Science. 2014 Apr 18;344(6181):304-7. doi: 10.1126/science.1248571.〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Author address: 〈/span〉Cellular and Structural Physiology Institute, Nagoya University, Chikusa, Nagoya 464-8601, Japan.〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Record origin:〈/span〉 〈a href="http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/24744376" target="_blank"〉PubMed〈/a〉
    Keywords: Amino Acid Motifs ; Amino Acid Sequence ; Animals ; Claudins/*chemistry ; Crystallography, X-Ray ; Mice ; Models, Molecular ; Molecular Sequence Data ; Protein Conformation ; Protein Folding ; Protein Structure, Secondary ; Protein Structure, Tertiary ; Protein Subunits/chemistry ; Static Electricity ; Tight Junctions/*chemistry/physiology
    Print ISSN: 0036-8075
    Electronic ISSN: 1095-9203
    Topics: Biology , Chemistry and Pharmacology , Computer Science , Medicine , Natural Sciences in General , Physics
    Published by American Association for the Advancement of Science (AAAS)
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  • 7
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    Tight junctions. Structural insight into tight junction disassembly by Clostridium perfringens enterotoxin (2015)
    American Association for the Advancement of Science (AAAS)
    Details
    Publication Date: 2015-02-14
    Description: The C-terminal region of Clostridium perfringens enterotoxin (C-CPE) can bind to specific claudins, resulting in the disintegration of tight junctions (TJs) and an increase in the paracellular permeability across epithelial cell sheets. Here we present the structure of mammalian claudin-19 in complex with C-CPE at 3.7 A resolution. The structure shows that C-CPE forms extensive hydrophobic and hydrophilic interactions with the two extracellular segments of claudin-19. The claudin-19/C-CPE complex shows no density of a short extracellular helix that is critical for claudins to assemble into TJ strands. The helix displacement may thus underlie C-CPE-mediated disassembly of TJs.〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Notes: 〈/span〉Saitoh, Yasunori -- Suzuki, Hiroshi -- Tani, Kazutoshi -- Nishikawa, Kouki -- Irie, Katsumasa -- Ogura, Yuki -- Tamura, Atsushi -- Tsukita, Sachiko -- Fujiyoshi, Yoshinori -- New York, N.Y. -- Science. 2015 Feb 13;347(6223):775-8. doi: 10.1126/science.1261833.〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Author address: 〈/span〉Cellular and Structural Physiology Institute, Nagoya University, Chikusa, Nagoya 464-8601, Japan. Department of Basic Medical Science, Graduate School of Pharmaceutical Science, Nagoya University, Chikusa, Nagoya 464-8601, Japan. ; Cellular and Structural Physiology Institute, Nagoya University, Chikusa, Nagoya 464-8601, Japan. ; Laboratory of Biological Science, Graduate School of Frontier Biosciences and Graduate School of Medicine, Osaka University, Suita, Osaka 565-0871, Japan. ; Cellular and Structural Physiology Institute, Nagoya University, Chikusa, Nagoya 464-8601, Japan. Department of Basic Medical Science, Graduate School of Pharmaceutical Science, Nagoya University, Chikusa, Nagoya 464-8601, Japan. yoshi@cespi.nagoya-u.ac.jp.〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Record origin:〈/span〉 〈a href="http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/25678664" target="_blank"〉PubMed〈/a〉
    Keywords: Animals ; Claudins/*chemistry ; Enterotoxins/*chemistry ; Hydrophobic and Hydrophilic Interactions ; Mice ; Protein Structure, Secondary ; Tight Junctions/chemistry/*ultrastructure
    Print ISSN: 0036-8075
    Electronic ISSN: 1095-9203
    Topics: Biology , Chemistry and Pharmacology , Computer Science , Medicine , Natural Sciences in General , Physics
    Published by American Association for the Advancement of Science (AAAS)
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  • 8
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    Generation of silicic melts in the early Izu-Bonin arc recorded by detrital zircons in proximal arc volcaniclastic rocks from the Philippine Sea (2017)
    Wiley
    Details
    Publication Date: 2017-09-07
    Description: A 1.2 kilometer thick Paleogene volcaniclastic section at International Ocean Discovery Program Site 351-U1438 preserves the deep-marine, proximal record of Izu-Bonin oceanic arc initiation and volcano evolution along the Kyushu-Palau Ridge (KPR). Pb/U ages and trace element compositions of zircons recovered from volcaniclastic sandstones preserve a remarkable temporal record of juvenile island arc evolution. Pb/U ages ranging from 43 to 27 Ma are compatible with provenance in one or more active arc edifices of the northern KPR. The abundances of selected trace elements with high concentrations provide insight into the genesis of U1438 detrital zircon host melts, and represent useful indicators of both short and long-term variations in melt compositions in arc settings. The Site U1438 zircons span the compositional range between zircons from mid-ocean ridge gabbros and zircons from relatively enriched continental arcs, as predicted for melts in a primitive oceanic arc setting derived from a highly depleted mantle source. Melt zircon saturation temperatures and Ti-in-zircon thermometry suggest a provenance in relatively cool and silicic melts that evolved toward more Th and U-rich compositions with time. Th, U and light rare earth element enrichments beginning about 35 Ma are consistent with detrital zircons recording development of regional arc asymmetry and selective trace element-enriched rear arc silicic melts as the juvenile Izu-Bonin arc evolved.
    Electronic ISSN: 1525-2027
    Topics: Chemistry and Pharmacology , Geosciences , Physics
    Published by Wiley on behalf of American Geophysical Union (AGU).
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  • 9
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    Melt inclusions reveal geochemical cross-arc variations and diversity within magma chambers feeding the Higashi-Izu Monogenetic Volcano Field, Izu Peninsula, Japan (2012)
    Wiley
    Details
    Publication Date: 2012-09-26
    Description: The Higashi-Izu Monogenetic Volcano Field (HIMVF) consists of 70 subaerial monogenetic volcanoes on the northeastern Izu Peninsula, Japan, and 50 submarine monogenetic volcanoes that extend offshore toward Izu-Oshima on the Izu-Bonin Arc volcanic front. We investigate olivine-hosted glassy silicate melt inclusions erupted in scoria from two of the subaerial monogenetic volcanoes, Takatsukayama and Sukumoyama. Major element data (and volatile elements S and Cl) have been collected from 85 inclusions, of which 26 and 41 have been analyzed for trace and volatile (H2O, CO2) elements, respectively. The trace element compositions of the melt inclusions, together with those of the whole rocks from volcanoes within the HIMVF, vary systematically across the HIMVF, even over 5 km between Takatsukayama and Sukumoyama. These variations reflect a decrease in the contribution from slab fluids that leads to melting of the mantle with distance from the volcanic front, and increasing subducting slab depth. The Takatsukayama and Sukumoyama inclusions also reveal an intra-volcano geochemical diversity; most are low TiO2 (0.81–1.18 wt.%), high Al2O3 (15.88–19.34 wt.%) basalts (low TiO2-HABs), with a few high TiO2 (1.11–2.19 wt.%), low Al2O3 (11.75–14.04 wt.%) basalts (high TiO2-LABs) that are sometimes trapped in the same crystal. As both groups show the cross-HIMVF geochemical variability, we conclude that the heterogeneity does not reflect mantle processes or the true composition of melts in the magma chambers; instead we relate it to interstitial melts within the crystal mush of the magma chambers experiencing distinct crystallization histories.
    Electronic ISSN: 1525-2027
    Topics: Chemistry and Pharmacology , Geosciences , Physics
    Published by Wiley on behalf of American Geophysical Union (AGU).
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  • 10
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    New JSME standard S008 “Performance Conversion Method for Hydraulic Turbines and Pump-Turbines” (2016)
    Institute of Physics (IOP)
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    Publication Date: 2016-12-14
    Description: JSME Standard S008 “Performance Conversion Method for Hydraulic Turbines and Pump-Turbines” is now being revised and will be published in 2016. This new revision follows the main theory of previous version S008-1999. It enables us to convert the performance of each flow passage component of spiral case, stay vane, guide vane, runner and draft tube of model turbines and pump-turbines to that of prototypes with one-step calculation. The relevant values needed for the performance conversion, e.g. dimension factor, flow velocity factor, relative scalable loss of components δ ECO , etc. are newly organized as functions of specific speeds of turbines and pump-turbines using polynomial expressions. Additional data for high specific speed turbines are included. The resultant factors for conversion of the specific energy efficiency scale factor F E , the discharge efficiency scale factor F
    Print ISSN: 1755-1307
    Electronic ISSN: 1755-1315
    Topics: Geography , Geosciences , Physics
    Published by Institute of Physics (IOP)
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