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  • 1
    Publication Date: 2013-09-14
    Description: Changes in ambient temperature affect flowering time in plants; understanding this phenomenon will be crucial for buffering agricultural systems from the effects of climate change. Here, we show that levels of FLM-beta, an alternatively spliced form of the flowering repressor FLOWERING LOCUS M, increase at lower temperatures, repressing flowering. FLM-beta interacts with SHORT VEGETATIVE PHASE (SVP); SVP is degraded at high temperatures, reducing the abundance of the SVP-FLM-beta repressor complex and, thus, allowing the plant to flower. The svp and flm mutants show temperature-insensitive flowering in different temperature ranges. Control of SVP-FLM-beta repressor complex abundance via transcriptional and splicing regulation of FLM and posttranslational regulation of SVP protein stability provides an efficient, rapid mechanism for plants to respond to ambient temperature changes.〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Notes: 〈/span〉Lee, Jeong Hwan -- Ryu, Hak-Seung -- Chung, Kyung Sook -- Pose, David -- Kim, Soonkap -- Schmid, Markus -- Ahn, Ji Hoon -- New York, N.Y. -- Science. 2013 Nov 1;342(6158):628-32. doi: 10.1126/science.1241097. Epub 2013 Sep 12.〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Author address: 〈/span〉Creative Research Initiatives, Department of Life Sciences, Korea University, Seoul 136-701, South Korea.〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Record origin:〈/span〉 〈a href="http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/24030492" target="_blank"〉PubMed〈/a〉
    Keywords: Alternative Splicing ; Arabidopsis/genetics/*growth & development/metabolism ; Arabidopsis Proteins/genetics/*metabolism ; Flowers/genetics/*growth & development/metabolism ; Gene Expression Regulation, Plant ; MADS Domain Proteins/genetics/*metabolism ; Molecular Sequence Data ; Mutation ; Repressor Proteins/genetics/*metabolism ; Temperature ; Transcription Factors/genetics/*metabolism
    Print ISSN: 0036-8075
    Electronic ISSN: 1095-9203
    Topics: Biology , Chemistry and Pharmacology , Computer Science , Medicine , Natural Sciences in General , Physics
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  • 2
    Publication Date: 2018-06-21
    Description: Thermodynamics of a magnetically expanding plasma (magnetic nozzle (MN)) has been investigated considering the existence of confined electrons bouncing back and forth inside a potential well formed by a combination of external magnetic field and self-generating ambipolar electrostatic potential. The properties of confined electrons are distinguished from that of the adiabatically expanding electrons with γ e ≈ 5/3 by the separate measurement of each species using a double-sided planar Langmuir probe. Relationship between the electron pressure versus electron density averaged over electron energy probability functions ( eepf s) clearly reveals that the confined electrons in MN have a nearly isothermal characteristic. Existence of isothermally behaving confined electrons together with adiabatically expanding electrons separates the MN system into two regions with different thermodynamic properties; one is a nearly adiabatic region located near the n...
    Electronic ISSN: 1367-2630
    Topics: Physics
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  • 3
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Woodbury, NY : American Institute of Physics (AIP)
    Applied Physics Letters 79 (2001), S. 749-751 
    ISSN: 1077-3118
    Source: AIP Digital Archive
    Topics: Physics
    Notes: We present a general description of white-beam (Laue) scattering from grains with dislocations. This approach is applied to examples with equal numbers of positive and negative Burger's vectors (paired) and with unpaired dislocations of one sign (geometrically necessary). We find that streaking of the Laue reflections is sensitive to both long-range geometrical rotations introduced by unpaired edge dislocations and to local rotation fluctuations introduced by the total number of dislocations (paired and unpaired). We demonstrate the technique by analyzing the dislocation distribution in a nanoindented Cu single crystal. © 2001 American Institute of Physics.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
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  • 4
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    New York, NY : American Institute of Physics (AIP)
    Physics of Fluids 3 (1991), S. 3053-3058 
    ISSN: 1089-7666
    Source: AIP Digital Archive
    Topics: Physics
    Notes: This paper extends the previous kinetic model [Phys. Rev. A 38, 4721 (1988)] of probing objects in flowing magnetized plasmas by generalizing cross-field transport and adding ionization to the source in the Boltzmann equation along the presheath. Ion sheath current density and ratio (R) of upstream to downstream current are obtained as a function of normalized plasma drift velocity (M), equivalent viscosity ratio (α), ion temperature (Ti∞), and ionization rate (σi). The form R=exp(M/Mc) fits the results very well and the calibration factor (Mc) is obtained. Here Mc decreases as α increases, Ti∞ increases, or σi increases. Comparisons with fluid and kinetic models are presented.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
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  • 5
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    New York, NY : American Institute of Physics (AIP)
    Physics of Fluids 1 (1989), S. 2229-2238 
    ISSN: 1089-7666
    Source: AIP Digital Archive
    Topics: Physics
    Notes: Plasma flow measurements in the presheath have been performed using two types of directional electric "Mach'' probes, in the PISCES facility at UCLA [J. Nucl. Mater. 121, 277 (1984)]. A fast scanning versatile probe combination has been developed, which operates simultaneously as a "magnetized'' Mach probe, an "unmagnetized'' Mach probe (with characteristic probe size greater than and smaller than ion gyroradius, respectively), and an emissive probe. Presheaths have been investigated by inserting a small object at the center of the plasma column. Variations in plasma flow velocity, density, and potential along the presheath have been deduced by fluid and kinetic theories. A comparison is made between Mach numbers obtained from the magnetized probe and the unmagnetized probe. Incorporation of shear viscosity of order ∼0.5nmiD⊥ in the cross-field transport along the presheath seems best to model the results. The cross-field diffusivity (D⊥) is found to scale approximately proportional to B−1/2, with magnitude about 4× larger than Bohm in the PISCES plasma. The effect of an electrical bias applied to the object on the presheath characteristics is discussed.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
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  • 6
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Amsterdam : Elsevier
    Physics Letters A 183 (1993), S. 363-370 
    ISSN: 0375-9601
    Source: Elsevier Journal Backfiles on ScienceDirect 1907 - 2002
    Topics: Physics
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
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  • 7
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Amsterdam : Elsevier
    Physics Letters A 191 (1994), S. 71-76 
    ISSN: 0375-9601
    Source: Elsevier Journal Backfiles on ScienceDirect 1907 - 2002
    Topics: Physics
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
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  • 8
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Amsterdam : Elsevier
    TrAC Trends in Analytical Chemistry 6 (1987), S. IV-V 
    ISSN: 0165-9936
    Source: Elsevier Journal Backfiles on ScienceDirect 1907 - 2002
    Topics: Chemistry and Pharmacology
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
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  • 9
    ISSN: 1432-1793
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Biology
    Notes: Abstract We examined the relation of RNA/DNA ratios to growth for three size groups of the tropical scallop Euvola ziczac maintained in suspended culture at 8, 21 and 34 m in depth in the Golfo de Cariaco, Venezuel. Various growth parameters indicated that production decreased with depth. This was more likely due to a decrease in seston quality with depth than to temperatures or seston abundance (which were similar at the various depths studied). The RNA/DNA ratio was correlated with the G-index of muscle growth for juveniles (r 2=0.55). A much weaker correlation was observed for the maturing scallops (r 2=0.18), probably because of the interaction between reproductive and somatic growth. In fully mature scallops, somatic growth was negligible and the RNA/DNA ratios appeared to be inversely related to the level of physiological stress of the scallops. Whereas RNA/DNA ratios are difficult to interpret for maturing E. ziczac, because an increased ratio can be due to either increased gonadal or somatic growth, they are useful in predicting growth in juveniles and physiological stress in fully mature scallops.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
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  • 10
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Springer
    Hydrobiologia 78 (1981), S. 177-181 
    ISSN: 1573-5117
    Keywords: Acclimation rate ; thermal tolerance ; critical thermal maximum ; temperature changes ; tropical fish
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Biology
    Notes: Abstract The acclimation rates of temperature changes in Cyprinodon dearborni, collected from Laguna Los Patos, Cumana, Venezuela, were determined by the critical thermal maximum method. At an increase in temperature (from 24 to 31°C) fish started to gain acclimation level after 3 hours and took 3 days to fully get up to a higher level of resistance to heat death; however, at a decrease in temperature (from 3 t to 24°C) fish began to lose its acclimation level after 12 days and required 39 days to reach a lower level of resistance to thermal death.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
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