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  • 1
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    Defining the Genome Features of Escherichia albertii, an Emerging Enteropathogen Closely Related to Escherichia coli (2015)
    Oxford University Press
    Details
    Publikationsdatum: 2015-12-05
    Beschreibung: Escherichia albertii is a recently recognized close relative of Escherichia coli . This emerging enteropathogen possesses a type III secretion system (T3SS) encoded by the locus of enterocyte effacement, similar to enteropathogenic and enterohemorrhagic E. coli (EPEC and EHEC). Shiga toxin-producing strains have also been identified. The genomic features of E. albertii , particularly differences from other Escherichia species, have not yet been well clarified. Here, we sequenced the genome of 29 E. albertii strains (3 complete and 26 draft sequences) isolated from multiple sources and performed intraspecies and intragenus genomic comparisons. The sizes of the E. albertii genomes range from 4.5 to 5.1 Mb, smaller than those of E. coli strains. Intraspecies genomic comparisons identified five phylogroups of E. albertii . Intragenus genomic comparison revealed that the possible core genome of E. albertii comprises 3,250 genes, whereas that of the genus Escherichia comprises 1,345 genes. Our analysis further revealed several unique or notable genetic features of E. albertii , including those responsible for known biochemical features and virulence factors and a possibly active second T3SS known as ETT2 ( E. coli T3SS 2) that is inactivated in E. coli . Although this organism has been observed to be nonmotile in vitro, genes for flagellar biosynthesis are fully conserved; chemotaxis-related genes have been selectively deleted. Based on these results, we have developed a nested polymerase chain reaction system to directly detect E. albertii . Our data define the genomic features of E. albertii and provide a valuable basis for future studies of this important emerging enteropathogen.
    Digitale ISSN: 1759-6653
    Thema: Biologie
    Publiziert von Oxford University Press
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  • 2
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    Response of the protistan community of a rice field soil to different oxygen tensions (2016)
    Oxford University Press
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    Publikationsdatum: 2016-06-08
    Beschreibung: Heterotrophic protists in soil are grazers that control the biomass and community structure of bacteria, thereby enhancing nutrient recycling. Oxygen regulates the microeukaryotic community, but little is known about its response to microoxic conditions. Here we studied the impact of oxygen tension on culturable heterotrophic protists in a rice field soil. The number of protists, dominated by amoeba and flagellates, under oxygen tensions ranging from atmospheric level (21%) to below the Pasteur point (0.08%) were similar (10 4 cells g –1 dry soil); no protists were detected under anoxic conditions. DGGE fingerprinting of microeukaryotes demonstrated a shift in the community structure depending on the oxygen tension during growth. Both common and specific amoeba and flagellates were identified at different oxygen tensions. Amoeba isolates ( Acanthamoeba sp. and Hartmannella sp.) grew to the same extent under the oxygen tensions tested; the Acanthamoeba sp. isolate migrated more slowly under the lowest tension (0.08%). Our results demonstrated that amoeba and flagellates in soil adapt to a wide range of oxygen tensions with a shift in community structure. This suggests an ability to search for food in soil environments such as the oxic–anoxic interface of flooded soil or inside soil aggregates that are inaccessible to ciliates.
    Print ISSN: 0168-6496
    Digitale ISSN: 1574-6941
    Thema: Biologie
    Publiziert von Oxford University Press
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  • 3
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    Gibberellin-induced DELLA recognition by the gibberellin receptor GID1 (2008)
    Nature Publishing Group (NPG)
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    Publikationsdatum: 2008-11-28
    Beschreibung: Gibberellins control a range of growth and developmental processes in higher plants and have been widely used in the agricultural industry. By binding to a nuclear receptor, GIBBERELLIN INSENSITIVE DWARF1 (GID1), gibberellins regulate gene expression by promoting degradation of the transcriptional regulator DELLA proteins, including GIBBERELLIN INSENSITIVE (GAI). The precise manner in which GID1 discriminates and becomes activated by bioactive gibberellins for specific binding to DELLA proteins remains unclear. Here we present the crystal structure of a ternary complex of Arabidopsis thaliana GID1A, a bioactive gibberellin and the amino-terminal DELLA domain of GAI. In this complex, GID1A occludes gibberellin in a deep binding pocket covered by its N-terminal helical switch region, which in turn interacts with the DELLA domain containing DELLA, VHYNP and LExLE motifs. Our results establish a structural model of a plant hormone receptor that is distinct from the mechanism of the hormone perception and effector recognition of the known auxin receptors.〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Notes: 〈/span〉Murase, Kohji -- Hirano, Yoshinori -- Sun, Tai-ping -- Hakoshima, Toshio -- England -- Nature. 2008 Nov 27;456(7221):459-63. doi: 10.1038/nature07519.〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Author address: 〈/span〉Structural Biology Laboratory, Nara Institute of Science and Technology, 8916-5 Takayama, Ikoma, Nara 630-0192, Japan.〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Record origin:〈/span〉 〈a href="http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/19037309" target="_blank"〉PubMed〈/a〉
    Schlagwort(e): Amino Acid Motifs ; Arabidopsis/*chemistry/metabolism ; Arabidopsis Proteins/*chemistry/genetics/*metabolism ; Circular Dichroism ; Crystallography, X-Ray ; Gibberellins/metabolism/*pharmacology ; Models, Biological ; Models, Molecular ; Plant Growth Regulators/metabolism/*pharmacology ; Protein Binding ; Protein Structure, Tertiary/drug effects ; Receptors, Cell Surface/*chemistry/genetics/*metabolism ; Substrate Specificity
    Print ISSN: 0028-0836
    Digitale ISSN: 1476-4687
    Thema: Biologie , Chemie und Pharmazie , Medizin , Allgemeine Naturwissenschaft , Physik
    Publiziert von Nature Publishing Group (NPG)
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  • 4
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    A membrane-anchored protein kinase involved in Brassica self-incompatibility signaling (2004)
    American Association for the Advancement of Science (AAAS)
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    Publikationsdatum: 2004-03-06
    Beschreibung: Self-incompatibility (SI) response in Brassica is initiated by haplotype-specific interactions between the pollen-borne ligand S locus protein 11/SCR and its stigmatic S receptor kinase, SRK. This binding induces autophosphorylation of SRK, which is then thought to trigger a signaling cascade that leads to self-pollen rejection. A recessive mutation of the modifier (m) gene eliminates the SI response in stigma. Positional cloning of M has revealed that it encodes a membrane-anchored cytoplasmic serine/threonine protein kinase, designated M locus protein kinase (MLPK). Transient expression of MLPK restores the ability of mm papilla cells to reject self-pollen, suggesting that MLPK is a positive mediator of Brassica SI signaling.〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Notes: 〈/span〉Murase, Kohji -- Shiba, Hiroshi -- Iwano, Megumi -- Che, Fang-Sik -- Watanabe, Masao -- Isogai, Akira -- Takayama, Seiji -- New York, N.Y. -- Science. 2004 Mar 5;303(5663):1516-9.〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Author address: 〈/span〉Graduate School of Biological Sciences, Nara Institute of Science and Technology, 8916-5 Takayama, Ikoma 630-0101, Japan.〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Record origin:〈/span〉 〈a href="http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/15001779" target="_blank"〉PubMed〈/a〉
    Schlagwort(e): Amino Acid Sequence ; Amino Acid Substitution ; Brassica rapa/enzymology/genetics/*physiology ; Cell Membrane/*enzymology ; Cloning, Molecular ; Cytoplasm/enzymology ; Flowers/enzymology/*physiology ; Genes, Plant ; Haplotypes ; Membrane Proteins/chemistry/genetics/*metabolism ; Mutation ; Open Reading Frames ; Phosphorylation ; Physical Chromosome Mapping ; Plant Proteins ; Pollen/physiology ; Protein Kinases/*metabolism ; Protein-Serine-Threonine Kinases/chemistry/genetics/*metabolism ; Recombinant Fusion Proteins/metabolism ; *Signal Transduction
    Print ISSN: 0036-8075
    Digitale ISSN: 1095-9203
    Thema: Biologie , Chemie und Pharmazie , Informatik , Medizin , Allgemeine Naturwissenschaft , Physik
    Publiziert von American Association for the Advancement of Science (AAAS)
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  • 5
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    Horizontal propagation of excitation in rat visual cortical slices revealed by optical imaging (1994)
    American Association for the Advancement of Science (AAAS)
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    Publikationsdatum: 1994-11-11
    Beschreibung: Optical imaging with high spatial and temporal resolution of neural activity in rat cortical slices was used to investigate the dynamics of signal transmission through neural connections in the visual cortex. When inhibition due to gamma-aminobutyric acid was slightly suppressed, horizontal propagation of excitation in both the supra- and infragranular layers became prominent. This propagation was not affected by vertical cuts in either the supra- or infragranular layer, which suggests that excitation is at least partially conveyed horizontally by reciprocal vertical connections between neurons in these layers.〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Notes: 〈/span〉Tanifuji, M -- Sugiyama, T -- Murase, K -- New York, N.Y. -- Science. 1994 Nov 11;266(5187):1057-9.〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Author address: 〈/span〉Department of Information Science, Fukui University, Japan.〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Record origin:〈/span〉 〈a href="http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/7973662" target="_blank"〉PubMed〈/a〉
    Schlagwort(e): Animals ; Bicuculline/analogs & derivatives/pharmacology ; Electric Stimulation ; Electrodes ; In Vitro Techniques ; Light ; Rats ; Visual Cortex/*physiology ; Visual Pathways/*physiology ; gamma-Aminobutyric Acid/pharmacology
    Print ISSN: 0036-8075
    Digitale ISSN: 1095-9203
    Thema: Biologie , Chemie und Pharmazie , Informatik , Medizin , Allgemeine Naturwissenschaft , Physik
    Publiziert von American Association for the Advancement of Science (AAAS)
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  • 6
    Digitale Medien
    Digitale Medien
    Superconductivity in PtSi ultrathin films (1994)
    [S.l.] : American Institute of Physics (AIP)
    Journal of Applied Physics 76 (1994), S. 5339-5342 
    Details
    ISSN: 1089-7550
    Quelle: AIP Digital Archive
    Thema: Physik
    Notizen: Normal and superconducting properties of PtSi films with thicknesses of d=2–20 nm have been investigated. The superconducting transition has been observed on the thin films down to d=4 nm. The systematic reduction of the transition temperature with decreasing d (increasing the sheet resistance) has been explained by the localization and Coulomb interaction effects on superconductivity. The temperature dependence of the upper critical field indicates that the PtSi films behave as homogeneous superconductors.
    Materialart: Digitale Medien
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1063/1.357186
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  • 7
    Digitale Medien
    Digitale Medien
    Width dependence of magnetoresistance in GaAs-AlGaAs wires fabricated by mesa etching (1990)
    [S.l.] : American Institute of Physics (AIP)
    Journal of Applied Physics 67 (1990), S. 340-343 
    Details
    ISSN: 1089-7550
    Quelle: AIP Digital Archive
    Thema: Physik
    Notizen: GaAs-AlGaAs quantum wires with various widths have been fabricated using electron beam lithography and Ar ion etching. Conductance was measured as a function of the etched depth and the wire width. The results indicate that defects diffuse at room temperature. Shubnikov–de Haas oscillations in GaAs-AlGaAs film and wires with different widths have been measured to investigate the effect of the surface damage on the electron transport characteristics. The analysis of the results shows that both electron density and scattering time decrease with decreasing the width of the channel. These are indicative of the side wall scattering and the damages induced during the sample preparation process.
    Materialart: Digitale Medien
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1063/1.345259
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  • 8
    Digitale Medien
    Digitale Medien
    Electrical characteristics at 4.2 K and high magnetic fields in metal-oxide-semiconductor field-effect transistors utilizing sputter-deposited gate-oxide films (1992)
    [S.l.] : American Institute of Physics (AIP)
    Journal of Applied Physics 71 (1992), S. 494-497 
    Details
    ISSN: 1089-7550
    Quelle: AIP Digital Archive
    Thema: Physik
    Notizen: Characteristics of metal-oxide-semiconductor field-effect transistors (MOSFETs) with sputter-deposited gate-oxide films at 4.2 K under high magnetic fields of up to 10 T are presented. The gate-oxide films are deposited by oxygen-argon sputtering of an SiO2 target at 200 °C, much lower than a conventional thermal oxidation temperature of 1000 °C. The MOSFET using a sputter-deposited film has a Hall mobility of 7000 cm2/V s at 4.2 K. The quantum Hall effect and Shubnikov–de Haas oscillations are successfully observed. The magnetic angle dependence of the magnetoresistance and the Shubnikov–de Haas oscillation indicate that this MOSFET has a two-dimensional electron gas. Analysis of the perpendicular magnetoresistance and the quantum Hall effect indicates that this MOSFET has a weakly localized state similar to that of thermal oxide film.
    Materialart: Digitale Medien
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1063/1.350682
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  • 9
    Digitale Medien
    Digitale Medien
    Time-resolved measurement of single-electron tunneling in a Si single-electron transistor with satellite Si islands (1995)
    Woodbury, NY : American Institute of Physics (AIP)
    Applied Physics Letters 67 (1995), S. 2957-2959 
    Details
    ISSN: 1077-3118
    Quelle: AIP Digital Archive
    Thema: Physik
    Notizen: A Si single-electron transistor (SET) with satellite Si islands has been fabricated by pattern-dependent oxidation of cross-shaped Si wires on a separation by implanted oxygen (SIMOX) substrate. The oscillatory conductance-versus-gate voltage characteristics of the SET show hysteresis as a result of abrupt jumps in the conductance at high temperatures around 30 K. This phenomenon is attributed to the memory effect of a single electron that tunnels between the SET Si island and the satellite Si islands. Time-resolved measurements have clarified that the conductance jump is a Poisson process, which is clear evidence of the single-electron tunneling between the Si islands. © 1995 American Institute of Physics.
    Materialart: Digitale Medien
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1063/1.114824
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  • 10
    Digitale Medien
    Digitale Medien
    Two-level fluctuations of in-plane current in a narrow lateral n-i-n junction (1990)
    [S.l.] : American Institute of Physics (AIP)
    Journal of Applied Physics 68 (1990), S. 2813-2816 
    Details
    ISSN: 1089-7550
    Quelle: AIP Digital Archive
    Thema: Physik
    Notizen: In-plane current through lateral n-i-n junction in GaAs-AlGaAs heterostructure is measured at low temperature. The junction consists of submicron wide narrow wires and an ion damaged insulating region where percolation is a dominant current-carrying mechanism. The current appears at a sufficiently high bias voltage, due to low temperature avalanche breakdown via impurity impact ionization. Time-dependent random-telegraph signals of 100% modulation in magnitude of the current through the i region are observed, which are caused by slow trappings and emissions of electrons at trap sites. The complete switching signals show a transition from normally off to normally on with increasing applied voltage.
    Materialart: Digitale Medien
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1063/1.346460
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