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  • 1
    Publication Date: 2015-01-20
    Description: ABSTRACT A series of small, shallow seasonally, or interannually, waterlogged depressions (dambos) in the upper Zambezi Valley in western Zambia hold shallow peat deposits and are bounded on their western margin by sandy lunette dunes. Using luminescence dating of sands, fossil pollen analyses and the macrocharcoal record from cored peat, the long-term stability of these landforms and the vegetation they now support is investigated at a site east of the upper Zambezi. Although the upper lunette dune sediments accumulated between 14 ± 2 and 6 ± 1 ka, the onset of peat accumulation and preservation within the dambo did not occur until 2800 cal a BP, suggesting that only from this point onwards were conditions stable and wet enough year-round to allow the formation and preservation of peat during this time. Results from this study indicate that the long-term behaviour of the dambo conforms to a cut-and-fill dynamic, where under more arid conditions the dambo becomes a dry pan, providing a sediment source for the adjacent lunette dune. In contrast, during wetter times, when the dambo holds surface water year-round, it becomes an organic-rich sediment repository preserving a fossil pollen record of long-term vegetation change.
    Print ISSN: 0267-8179
    Electronic ISSN: 1099-1417
    Topics: Geography , Geosciences
    Published by Wiley
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  • 2
    Publication Date: 2015-12-24
    Description: We provide the first fossil pollen and charcoal analysis from the island of Gran Canaria (Canary Islands). The pollen record obtained from Laguna de Valleseco (870 m a.s.l.) spans the late Holocene ( c . 4500–1500 cal. yr BP) and thereby captures the impact of human colonization. During the earliest period, pollen composition resembled contemporary thermophilous communities, with palms ( Phoenix canariensis ) and junipers ( Juniperus cf. turbinata ) being the dominant trees, suggesting that these elements were more widespread in the past. Vegetation in Valleseco began to change at around 2300 cal. yr BP, 400 years before the earliest archaeological evidence of human presence in the island ( c. 1900 cal. yr BP). Our data show an increased frequency of fires at that time, coinciding with the decline of palms and the increase of grasses, indicating that humans were present and were transforming vegetation, thus showing that the demise of Gran Canaria’s forest began at an early point in the prehistoric occupation of the island. In the following centuries, there were no signs of forest recovery. Pollen from cultivated cereals became significant, implying the introduction of agriculture in the site, by 1800 cal. yr BP. The next shift in vegetation ( c. 1600 cal. yr BP) involved the decrease of grasses in favour of shrubs and trees like Morella faya , suggesting that agriculture was abandoned at the site.
    Print ISSN: 0959-6836
    Electronic ISSN: 1477-0911
    Topics: Geography , Geosciences
    Published by Sage
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  • 3
    Publication Date: 2014-08-01
    Description: Author(s): N. Sule, K. J. Willis, S. C. Hagness, and I. Knezevic We calculate the room-temperature complex conductivity σ(ω) of suspended and supported graphene at terahertz frequencies (100GHz–10THz) by employing a self-consistent coupled simulation of carrier transport and electrodynamics. We consider a wide range of electron (n=1012–1013cm−2) and impurity (Ni=... [Phys. Rev. B 90, 045431] Published Thu Jul 31, 2014
    Keywords: Surface physics, nanoscale physics, low-dimensional systems
    Print ISSN: 1098-0121
    Electronic ISSN: 1095-3795
    Topics: Physics
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  • 4
    Publication Date: 1999-07-27
    Description: Mechanisms responsible for the initiation of major glaciation in the Northern Hemisphere at about 2.75 million years ago are poorly understood. A laminated terrestrial sequence from Pula maar, Hungary, containing about 320,000 years in annual layers between 3.05 and 2. 60 million years ago, provides a detailed record of rates of climatic change across this dramatic transition. An analysis of the record implies that climatic variations at sub-Milankovitch frequencies (less than or equal to 15,000 years) were an important driving force during this transitional interval and that, as the threshold was approached, these increased in frequency and amplitude, possibly providing the final trigger for the amplification of Northern Hemisphere ice sheets.〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Notes: 〈/span〉Willis -- Kleczkowski -- Briggs -- Gilligan -- New York, N.Y. -- Science. 1999 Jul 23;285(5427):568-71.〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Author address: 〈/span〉Godwin Institute for Quaternary Research, Cambridge CB2 3EJ, UK. Department of Plant Sciences, University of Cambridge, Cambridge CB2 3EA, UK.〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Record origin:〈/span〉 〈a href="http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/10417383" target="_blank"〉PubMed〈/a〉
    Print ISSN: 0036-8075
    Electronic ISSN: 1095-9203
    Topics: Biology , Chemistry and Pharmacology , Computer Science , Medicine , Natural Sciences in General , Physics
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  • 5
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    American Association for the Advancement of Science (AAAS)
    Publication Date: 2000-03-18
    Description: 〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Notes: 〈/span〉Willis, K J -- Whittaker, R J -- New York, N.Y. -- Science. 2000 Feb 25;287(5457):1406-7.〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Author address: 〈/span〉School of Geography, University of Oxford, U.K. kathy.willis@geography.oxford.ac.uk〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Record origin:〈/span〉 〈a href="http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/10722388" target="_blank"〉PubMed〈/a〉
    Keywords: Animals ; Cold Temperature ; *Ecosystem ; Geography ; Geological Phenomena ; Geology ; Ice ; *Plants ; Tropical Climate
    Print ISSN: 0036-8075
    Electronic ISSN: 1095-9203
    Topics: Biology , Chemistry and Pharmacology , Computer Science , Medicine , Natural Sciences in General , Physics
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  • 6
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    American Association for the Advancement of Science (AAAS)
    Publication Date: 2009-11-07
    Description: 〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Notes: 〈/span〉Willis, Kathy J -- Bhagwat, Shonil A -- New York, N.Y. -- Science. 2009 Nov 6;326(5954):806-7. doi: 10.1126/science.1178838.〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Author address: 〈/span〉Long-Term Ecology Laboratory, Oxford University Centre for the Environment, South Parks Road, Oxford, OX1 3QY, UK. kathy.willis@ouce.ox.ac.uk〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Record origin:〈/span〉 〈a href="http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/19892969" target="_blank"〉PubMed〈/a〉
    Keywords: Africa ; Animals ; *Biodiversity ; Birds ; Butterflies ; *Climate Change ; Conservation of Natural Resources ; *Ecosystem ; Extinction, Biological ; Plants ; Population Dynamics ; South America ; Trees ; Tropical Climate
    Print ISSN: 0036-8075
    Electronic ISSN: 1095-9203
    Topics: Biology , Chemistry and Pharmacology , Computer Science , Medicine , Natural Sciences in General , Physics
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  • 7
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    American Association for the Advancement of Science (AAAS)
    Publication Date: 2002-02-16
    Description: 〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Notes: 〈/span〉Willis, Katherine J -- Whittaker, Robert J -- New York, N.Y. -- Science. 2002 Feb 15;295(5558):1245-8.〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Author address: 〈/span〉School of Geography and the Environment, University of Oxford, Oxford OX1 3TB, UK. kathy.willis@geography.oxford.ac.uk〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Record origin:〈/span〉 〈a href="http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/11847328" target="_blank"〉PubMed〈/a〉
    Keywords: Animals ; Atlantic Ocean ; *Birds ; *Bryozoa ; Climate ; *Ecosystem ; *Environment ; Geography ; Great Britain ; Models, Statistical ; *Plants ; Seawater ; South America ; Time Factors ; Trees
    Print ISSN: 0036-8075
    Electronic ISSN: 1095-9203
    Topics: Biology , Chemistry and Pharmacology , Computer Science , Medicine , Natural Sciences in General , Physics
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  • 8
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    American Association for the Advancement of Science (AAAS)
    Publication Date: 2004-04-17
    Description: 〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Notes: 〈/span〉Willis, K J -- Gillson, L -- Brncic, T M -- New York, N.Y. -- Science. 2004 Apr 16;304(5669):402-3.〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Author address: 〈/span〉Oxford Long-term Ecology Laboratory, Biodiversity Research Group, School of Geography and the Environment, University of Oxford, Oxford OX1 3TB, UK. kathy.willis@geog.ox.ac.uk〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Record origin:〈/span〉 〈a href="http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/15087539" target="_blank"〉PubMed〈/a〉
    Keywords: Africa ; Agriculture ; Animals ; Archaeology ; Asia, Southeastern ; *Biodiversity ; Conservation of Natural Resources ; *Ecosystem ; Forestry ; Human Activities ; Humans ; Population Dynamics ; South America ; Time Factors ; *Trees ; *Tropical Climate
    Print ISSN: 0036-8075
    Electronic ISSN: 1095-9203
    Topics: Biology , Chemistry and Pharmacology , Computer Science , Medicine , Natural Sciences in General , Physics
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  • 9
    Publication Date: 2013-10-11
    Description: 〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Notes: 〈/span〉Snaddon, Jake L -- Willis, Katherine J -- Macdonald, David W -- England -- Nature. 2013 Oct 10;502(7470):170-1. doi: 10.1038/502170d.〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Record origin:〈/span〉 〈a href="http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/24108039" target="_blank"〉PubMed〈/a〉
    Keywords: *Agriculture ; Arecaceae/*physiology ; *Biodiversity ; Conservation of Natural Resources ; Malaysia
    Print ISSN: 0028-0836
    Electronic ISSN: 1476-4687
    Topics: Biology , Chemistry and Pharmacology , Medicine , Natural Sciences in General , Physics
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  • 10
    Publication Date: 1995-09-01
    Description: The adhesion domain of human CD2 bears a single N-linked carbohydrate. The solution structure of a fragment of CD2 containing the covalently bound high-mannose N-glycan [-(N-acetylglucosamine)2-(mannose)5-8] was solved by nuclear magnetic resonance. The stem and two of three branches of the carbohydrate structure are well defined and the mobility of proximal glycan residues is restricted. Mutagenesis of all residues in the vicinity of the glycan suggests that the glycan is not a component of the CD2-CD58 interface; rather, the carbohydrate stabilizes the protein fold by counterbalancing an unfavorable clustering of five positive charges centered about lysine-61 of CD2.〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Notes: 〈/span〉Wyss, D F -- Choi, J S -- Li, J -- Knoppers, M H -- Willis, K J -- Arulanandam, A R -- Smolyar, A -- Reinherz, E L -- Wagner, G -- New York, N.Y. -- Science. 1995 Sep 1;269(5228):1273-8.〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Author address: 〈/span〉Department of Biological Chemistry and Molecular Pharmacology, Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA 02115, USA.〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Record origin:〈/span〉 〈a href="http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/7544493" target="_blank"〉PubMed〈/a〉
    Keywords: Acetylglucosamine/chemistry ; Amino Acid Sequence ; Animals ; Antigens, CD/metabolism ; Antigens, CD2/*chemistry/metabolism ; Antigens, CD58 ; Binding Sites ; CHO Cells ; Carbohydrate Conformation ; Carbohydrate Sequence ; Cell Adhesion ; Cricetinae ; Glycosylation ; Humans ; Magnetic Resonance Spectroscopy ; Membrane Glycoproteins/metabolism ; Molecular Sequence Data ; Mutagenesis, Site-Directed ; Oligosaccharides/*chemistry ; *Protein Conformation
    Print ISSN: 0036-8075
    Electronic ISSN: 1095-9203
    Topics: Biology , Chemistry and Pharmacology , Computer Science , Medicine , Natural Sciences in General , Physics
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