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  • 1
    Publication Date: 2009-08-29
    Description: Coat color and type are essential characteristics of domestic dog breeds. Although the genetic basis of coat color has been well characterized, relatively little is known about the genes influencing coat growth pattern, length, and curl. We performed genome-wide association studies of more than 1000 dogs from 80 domestic breeds to identify genes associated with canine fur phenotypes. Taking advantage of both inter- and intrabreed variability, we identified distinct mutations in three genes, RSPO2, FGF5, and KRT71 (encoding R-spondin-2, fibroblast growth factor-5, and keratin-71, respectively), that together account for most coat phenotypes in purebred dogs in the United States. Thus, an array of varied and seemingly complex phenotypes can be reduced to the combinatorial effects of only a few genes.〈br /〉〈br /〉〈a href="https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC2897713/" target="_blank"〉〈img src="https://static.pubmed.gov/portal/portal3rc.fcgi/4089621/img/3977009" border="0"〉〈/a〉   〈a href="https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC2897713/" target="_blank"〉This paper as free author manuscript - peer-reviewed and accepted for publication〈/a〉〈br /〉〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Notes: 〈/span〉Cadieu, Edouard -- Neff, Mark W -- Quignon, Pascale -- Walsh, Kari -- Chase, Kevin -- Parker, Heidi G -- Vonholdt, Bridgett M -- Rhue, Alison -- Boyko, Adam -- Byers, Alexandra -- Wong, Aaron -- Mosher, Dana S -- Elkahloun, Abdel G -- Spady, Tyrone C -- Andre, Catherine -- Lark, K Gordon -- Cargill, Michelle -- Bustamante, Carlos D -- Wayne, Robert K -- Ostrander, Elaine A -- 1R01GM83606/GM/NIGMS NIH HHS/ -- GM063056/GM/NIGMS NIH HHS/ -- R01 GM063056/GM/NIGMS NIH HHS/ -- R01 GM063056-09/GM/NIGMS NIH HHS/ -- Intramural NIH HHS/ -- New York, N.Y. -- Science. 2009 Oct 2;326(5949):150-3. doi: 10.1126/science.1177808. Epub 2009 Aug 27.〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Author address: 〈/span〉National Human Genome Research Institute, National Institutes of Health, Bethesda, MD 20892, USA.〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Record origin:〈/span〉 〈a href="http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/19713490" target="_blank"〉PubMed〈/a〉
    Keywords: 3' Untranslated Regions ; Animals ; Dogs/*genetics ; Fibroblast Growth Factor 5/*genetics ; Genome-Wide Association Study ; *Hair/anatomy & histology/growth & development ; Haplotypes ; Keratins, Hair-Specific/*genetics ; Lod Score ; Molecular Sequence Data ; Mutation ; Oligonucleotide Array Sequence Analysis ; Phenotype ; *Polymorphism, Single Nucleotide ; Sequence Analysis, DNA ; Thrombospondins/*genetics ; United States
    Print ISSN: 0036-8075
    Electronic ISSN: 1095-9203
    Topics: Biology , Chemistry and Pharmacology , Computer Science , Medicine , Natural Sciences in General , Physics
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  • 2
    Publication Date: 2007-04-07
    Description: The domestic dog exhibits greater diversity in body size than any other terrestrial vertebrate. We used a strategy that exploits the breed structure of dogs to investigate the genetic basis of size. First, through a genome-wide scan, we identified a major quantitative trait locus (QTL) on chromosome 15 influencing size variation within a single breed. Second, we examined genetic variation in the 15-megabase interval surrounding the QTL in small and giant breeds and found marked evidence for a selective sweep spanning a single gene (IGF1), encoding insulin-like growth factor 1. A single IGF1 single-nucleotide polymorphism haplotype is common to all small breeds and nearly absent from giant breeds, suggesting that the same causal sequence variant is a major contributor to body size in all small dogs.〈br /〉〈br /〉〈a href="https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC2789551/" target="_blank"〉〈img src="https://static.pubmed.gov/portal/portal3rc.fcgi/4089621/img/3977009" border="0"〉〈/a〉   〈a href="https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC2789551/" target="_blank"〉This paper as free author manuscript - peer-reviewed and accepted for publication〈/a〉〈br /〉〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Notes: 〈/span〉Sutter, Nathan B -- Bustamante, Carlos D -- Chase, Kevin -- Gray, Melissa M -- Zhao, Keyan -- Zhu, Lan -- Padhukasahasram, Badri -- Karlins, Eric -- Davis, Sean -- Jones, Paul G -- Quignon, Pascale -- Johnson, Gary S -- Parker, Heidi G -- Fretwell, Neale -- Mosher, Dana S -- Lawler, Dennis F -- Satyaraj, Ebenezer -- Nordborg, Magnus -- Lark, K Gordon -- Wayne, Robert K -- Ostrander, Elaine A -- 063056/PHS HHS/ -- 5T32 HG002536/HG/NHGRI NIH HHS/ -- P50 HG002790/HG/NHGRI NIH HHS/ -- R01 GM063056/GM/NIGMS NIH HHS/ -- R01 GM063056-06/GM/NIGMS NIH HHS/ -- New York, N.Y. -- Science. 2007 Apr 6;316(5821):112-5.〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Author address: 〈/span〉National Human Genome Research Institute, Building 50, Room 5349, 50 South Drive MSC 8000, Bethesda, MD 20892-8000, USA.〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Record origin:〈/span〉 〈a href="http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/17412960" target="_blank"〉PubMed〈/a〉
    Keywords: Alleles ; Animals ; Body Size/genetics ; Breeding ; Dogs/*anatomy & histology/*genetics ; Exons ; Genetic Variation ; Genotype ; Haplotypes ; Heterozygote ; Insulin-Like Growth Factor I/*genetics/metabolism ; Introns ; Mutation ; *Polymorphism, Single Nucleotide ; Quantitative Trait Loci ; Selection, Genetic ; Sequence Analysis, DNA
    Print ISSN: 0036-8075
    Electronic ISSN: 1095-9203
    Topics: Biology , Chemistry and Pharmacology , Computer Science , Medicine , Natural Sciences in General , Physics
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  • 3
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Palo Alto, Calif. : Annual Reviews
    Annual Review of Biochemistry 38 (1969), S. 569-604 
    ISSN: 0066-4154
    Source: Annual Reviews Electronic Back Volume Collection 1932-2001ff
    Topics: Chemistry and Pharmacology , Biology
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
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  • 4
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    [s.l.] : Nature Publishing Group
    Nature 259 (1976), S. 504-505 
    ISSN: 1476-4687
    Source: Nature Archives 1869 - 2009
    Topics: Biology , Chemistry and Pharmacology , Medicine , Natural Sciences in General , Physics
    Notes: [Auszug] Fig. 1 Frequency of ", non-replicated regions (GAPS) and b, replicated (radioactive) regions assorted with respect to length. Cells of D. ordii grown as monolayers were inhibited with FUdR (1 ug ml"1) for 12 h. Inhibition was reversed by addition of ^H-thymidine (50 Ci mmol"1; 1 jag ml"1) and ...
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  • 5
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    [s.l.] : Nature Publishing Group
    Nature 176 (1955), S. 563-564 
    ISSN: 1476-4687
    Source: Nature Archives 1869 - 2009
    Topics: Biology , Chemistry and Pharmacology , Medicine , Natural Sciences in General , Physics
    Notes: [Auszug] In the second system, a culture just entering the exponential phase of growth at 37 was subjected to alternating cycles of 28 min, at 25 and 8 min. at 37 . In this case synchronized cellular division was usually obtained in the third and fourth cycles, cellular division occurring during the 37 ...
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  • 6
    ISSN: 1432-203X
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Biology
    Notes: Abstract Suspension cultures of a heterozygous line of soybean (Glycine max) were treated with CIPC. Surviving clones had lost 10–15 chromosomes. A recessive phenotype (non-fluorescence) not expressed in the heterozygote, was expressed with high frequency (15–20%) in these clones. Nucleoside auxotrophs were isolated from the segregant clones consistent with partial haploidy. A selective screen for nucleoside auxotrophs is described.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
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  • 7
    ISSN: 1432-2048
    Keywords: Cell cultures ; DNA replication ; Glycine ; Protoplasts
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Biology
    Notes: Abstract Cell-suspension cultures of soybean (Glycine max (L.) Merr., line SB-1) have been used to study DNA replication. Cells or protoplasts incorporate either radioactive thymidine or 5-bromodeoxyuridine (BUdR) into DNA. The DNA has been extracted as large molecules which can be visualized by autoradiography. Nuclei were isolated and lysed on slides thus avoiding degradation of DNA by a cytoplasmic endonuclease. The autoradiograms demonstrated that DNA synthesis occurs at several sites tandemly arranged on single DNA molecules separated by center to center distances ranging from 10 to 30 μm. Velocity sedimentations through alkaline gradients confirm the lengths of the replicated regions seen in autoradiograms. By using velocity sedimentation it also has been possible to demonstrate that replication proceeds by the synthesis of very small (4–6S) DNA intermediates which join to form the larger, replicon-size pieces seen in autoradiograms. Both small (4–6S) and large (20–30S) intermediates are observed in synchronized and exponential cultures. However, after synchronization with fluorodeoxyuridine (FUdR) the rate of DNA synthesis is reduced. Since the size of intermediates is not reduced by FUdR treatment, it is concluded that the slower rate of replication results from a reduction in the number of tandem replication units but not in the rate at which they are elongated. After FUdR treatment, the density analogue of thymidine, BUdR, can be substituted for almost all of the thymidine residue in DNA, resulting in a buoyant density increase (in CsCl) from 1.694 to 1.747 g/cm3. Using this density analogue it is possible to estimate the amount of template DNA attached to new replication sites. When this is done, it can be shown that synchronized cells initiate replication at about 5,000 different sites at the beginning of S. (Each such site will replicate to an average length of 20 μm.) Use of BUdR also substantiates that at early stages of replication, very small replicated regions (〈8S) exist which are separated by unreplicated segments of DNA which replicate at a later time. Most of these conclusions agree with the pattern of DNA replication established for animal cells. However, a major difference appears to be that after prolonged inhibition of soybean cell replication with FUdR, very small, as well as replicon-size intermediates accumulate when replication is restored. This indicates that regulation of replication in these cells may be different from animal cells.
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  • 8
    ISSN: 1432-2242
    Keywords: DNA ; RFLP ; Soybean ; Genetic map
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Biology
    Notes: Abstract Genetic markers were mapped in segregating progeny from a cross between two soybean (Glycine max (L.) Merr.) cultivars: ‘Minsoy’ (PI 27.890) and ‘Noir 1’ (PI 290.136). A genetic linkage map was constructed (LOD ⩾ 3), consisting of 132 RFLP, isozyme, morphological, and biochemical markers. The map defined 1550cM of the soybean genome comprising 31 linkage groups. An additional 24 polymorphic markers remained unlinked. A family of RFLP markers, identified by a single probe (hybridizing to an interspersed repeated DNA sequence), extended the map, linking other markers and defining regions for which other markers were not available.
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  • 9
    ISSN: 1432-2242
    Keywords: DNA ; RFLP ; QTL ; Soybean ; Recombinant inbreds
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Biology
    Notes: Abstract An experimental test is described for linkages between RFLP markers and quantitative trait loci (QTL). Two hundred and eighty-four F7-derived recombinant inbred lines (RIL) obtained from crossing the soybean cultivars (Glycine max L. Merr.) ‘Minsoy’ and ‘Noir 1’ were evaluated for maturity, plant height, lodging, and seed yield. RIL exhibiting an extreme phenotype for each trait (earliest and latest plants for maturity, etc.) were selected, and two bulked DNA samples were prepared for each trait. A Southern transfer of the digested bulked DNA was hybridized with restriction fragement length polymorphism (RFLP) probes, and linkages with QTL were established by quantitating the amount of radioactive probe that bound to fragments defining alternative parental RFLP alleles. When an RFLP marker was linked to a QTL, one parental allele predominated in the bulked DNA from a particular phenotype; the other allele was associated with the opposite phenotype. When linkage was absent, radioactivity was associated equally with both alleles for a given phenotype (or with both phenotypes for a given allele). These results confirmed RFLP-QTL associations previously discovered by interval mapping on a smaller segregating population from the same cross. New linkages to QTL were also verified.
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  • 10
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Springer
    Theoretical and applied genetics 68 (1984), S. 421-431 
    ISSN: 1432-2242
    Keywords: CIPC treatment ; Controlled chromosome loss ; Soybean ; Genetic analysis
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Biology
    Notes: Summary The properties and uses of tissue culture partial haploid soybean cell lines are explored. Partial haploid lines were prepared by CIPC treatment of a genetic heterozygote, and compared to this heterozygote and to homozygous cell lines corresponding to the parental genotypes from which the heterozygote was derived. Cell lines which lack chromosomes were characterized physiologically and with respect to a variety of isozyme markers. Often the loss of chromosomes revealed a phenotype corresponding to a recessive parental genotype. In some cases, however, new phenotypes were observed indicating a complex genotype and suggests the interaction of several genes. The implications of this for plant breeding are discussed. CIPC also was used as a tool to dissect a complex phenotype which arose as the result of mutagenesis. A mutant cell line which required asparagine for growth but also had acquired the ability to grow on allantoin as a sole source of nitrogen was treated with CIPC to remove chromosomes. The requirement for asparagine could be separated from the ability to use allantoin, demonstrating that these phenotypes were the result of separate mutations.
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