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  • 1
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Springer
    Holz als Roh- und Werkstoff 55 (1997), S. 315-318 
    ISSN: 1436-736X
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Agriculture, Forestry, Horticulture, Fishery, Domestic Science, Nutrition , Mechanical Engineering, Materials Science, Production Engineering, Mining and Metallurgy, Traffic Engineering, Precision Mechanics
    Notes: Preliminary field trials using red oak logs from trees dying from oak wilt disease were successful in eliminating the oak wilt fungus from sapwood after fumigation with sulfuryl fluoride for 72 h under tarp. These results support earlier laboratory data on the fungitoxicity of sulfuryl fluoride as a potential replacement for methyl bromide treatment of exported red oak veneer logs. However, not all other microorganisms were completely eradicated from oak sapwood at the treatment levels used in this trial.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
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  • 2
    Publication Date: 2001-04-01
    Description: Nitidulids are primary vectors of the oak wilt pathogen, Ceratocystis fagacearum (Bretz) Hunt, in the north-central United States. Species of adult nitidulids associated with different ages of oak wilt fungus mats on red oaks (Quercus rubra L. and Quercus ellipsoidalis E.J. Hill) during spring in east-central Minnesota were determined. The exoskeletal surfaces of representative specimens were assayed for the presence and abundance of the pathogen. Six species comprised 94% of 2542 adults, representing at least 12 species, collected between 1994 and 1996. Of these six species, Colopterus truncatus Randall and Epuraea corticina Erichson were the most abundant ones on immature mats (94% of 154 nitidulids). They were also more abundant than the other species on mature mats (77% of 868 nitidulids). Carpophilus sayi Parsons was the most common species (28% of 1134 nitidulids) on aging mats, while Carpophilus sayi and three Glischrochilus species (Glischrochilus sanguinolentus (Oliv.), Glischrochilus fasciatus (Oliv.), and Glischrochilus quadrisignatus Say) were predominant on declining mats (80% of 214 nitidulids). Multiple numbers of individuals of each species were commonly found on the mats. The smaller bodied species, C. truncatus and E. corticina, had the lowest numbers of fungal propagules on their bodies, while the highest incidence and numbers of viable propagules were found for the three largest bodied species (Glischrochilus spp.). These results are important to elucidating the principal nitidulid species involved in successful transmission of the pathogen in Minnesota.
    Print ISSN: 0045-5067
    Electronic ISSN: 1208-6037
    Topics: Agriculture, Forestry, Horticulture, Fishery, Domestic Science, Nutrition
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  • 3
    Publication Date: 2016-08-01
    Description: After deposition of airborne basidiospores, the root disease pathogen Heterobasidion irregulare Garbelotto and Otrosina infects fresh conifer stumps and spreads through root grafts or by root contact to adjacent trees. Infection can be prevented, however, by borate application. Because the need for stump protection depends on inoculum availability, spore trapping was conducted (usually biweekly) from September 2009 through December 2011 in three infested plantations of predominantly red pine (Pinus resinosa Aiton) in central Wisconsin. A semiselective medium in Petri plates was exposed for 1 h in daylight at each of four locations in each plantation. After 7–10 days incubation at 20 °C, plates were examined and presence and abundance of colonies of the Spiniger asexual stage were recorded. Heterobasidion irregulare was detected on most dates during the two growing seasons, but colonies were most abundant during late summer, fall, and early winter. Relatively fewer colonies developed on medium exposed during periods of coldest winter temperatures, but colonies of the pathogen did develop frequently on medium exposed at ≤ 5 °C and occasionally on medium exposed at ≤ 0 °C. Biologically based guidelines for stump treatment require additional studies of seasonal factors influencing inoculum availability, in situ spore germination, infection, and establishment of the pathogen.
    Print ISSN: 0045-5067
    Electronic ISSN: 1208-6037
    Topics: Agriculture, Forestry, Horticulture, Fishery, Domestic Science, Nutrition
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  • 4
    Publication Date: 2020-02-06
    Description: Hyperspectral reflectance tools have been used to detect multiple pathogens in agricultural settings and single sources of infection or broad declines in forest stands. However, differentiation of any one disease from other sources of tree stress is integral for stand and landscape-level applications in mixed species systems. We tested the ability of spectral models to differentiate oak wilt, a fatal disease in oaks caused by Bretziella fagacearum ``Bretz'', from among other mechanisms of decline. We subjected greenhouse-grown oak seedlings (Quercus ellipsoidalis ``E.J. Hill'' and Quercus macrocarpa ``Michx.'') to chronic drought or inoculation with the oak wilt fungus or bur oak blight fungus (Tubakia iowensis ``T.C. Harr. & D. McNew''). We measured leaf and canopy spectroscopic reflectance (400–2400 nm) and instantaneous photosynthetic and stomatal conductance rates, then used partial least-squares discriminant analysis to predict treatment from hyperspectral data. We detected oak wilt before symptom appearance, and classified the disease with high accuracy in symptomatic leaves. Classification accuracy from spectra increased with declines in photosynthetic function in oak wilt-inoculated plants. Wavelengths diagnostic of oak wilt were only found in non-visible spectral regions and are associated with water status, non-structural carbohydrates and photosynthetic mechanisms. We show that hyperspectral models can differentiate oak wilt from other causes of tree decline and that detection is correlated with biological mechanisms of oak wilt infection and disease progression. We also show that within the canopy, symptom heterogeneity can reduce detection, but that symptomatic leaves and tree canopies are suitable for highly accurate diagnosis. Remote application of hyperspectral tools can be used for specific detection of disease across a multi-species forest stand exhibiting multiple stress symptoms.
    Print ISSN: 0829-318X
    Electronic ISSN: 1758-4469
    Topics: Agriculture, Forestry, Horticulture, Fishery, Domestic Science, Nutrition
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  • 5
    Publication Date: 2017-10-25
    Electronic ISSN: 2045-2322
    Topics: Natural Sciences in General
    Published by Springer Nature
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  • 6
    Publication Date: 2008-09-01
    Description: The oak wilt pathogen, Ceratocystis fagacearum, may be another example of a damaging, exotic species in forest ecosystems in the United States. Though C. fagacearum has received much research attention, the origin of the fungus is unknown. The pathogen may have been endemic at a low incidence until increased disturbances, changes in land use, and forest management created conditions favorable for disease epidemics. The host genus Quercus contains some relatively resistant species native to the United States, further supporting the hypothesis that the pathogen is native in origin. However, there are also many common, highly susceptible Quercus species—a characteristic typical of introduced pathogens. Most convincingly, studies have shown that the known populations of C. fagacearum have experienced a severe genetic bottleneck that can only be explained by a single introduction. The weight of evidence indicates that C. fagacearum is an introduced pathogen, with possible origins in Central or South America, or Mexico.
    Print ISSN: 0066-4286
    Electronic ISSN: 1545-2107
    Topics: Biology , Agriculture, Forestry, Horticulture, Fishery, Domestic Science, Nutrition
    Published by Annual Reviews
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