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  • 1
    Monograph available for loan
    Monograph available for loan
    Environmental Contaminants : using natural archives to track sources and long-term trends of pollution (2015)
    Dordrecht [u.a.] : Springer Netherlands
    Associated volumes
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    Call number: AWI G5-15-0026
    In: Developments in paleoenvironmental research
    Description / Table of Contents: Contents: Using Natural Archives to Track Sources and Long-Term Trends of Pollution: An Introduction / Jules M. Blais, Michael R. Rosen and John P. Smol. - The Influence of Hydrology on Lacustrine Sediment Contaminant Records / Michael R. Rosen. - The Stability of Metal Profiles in Freshwater and Marine Sediments / P. M. Outridge and F. Wang. - Calculating Rates and Dates and Interpreting Contaminant Profiles in Biomixed Sediments / Zou Zou A. Kuzyk, Robie W. Macdonald and Sophia C. Johannessen. - Contaminants in Marine Sedimentary Deposits from Coal Fly Ash During the Latest Permian Extinction / Hamed Sanei, Stephen E. Grasby and Benoit Beauchamp. - Lake Sediment Records of Preindustrial Metal Pollution / Colin A. Cooke and Richard Bindler. - Lacustrine Archives of Metals from Mining and Other Industrial Activities - A Geochemical Approach / John Boyle, Richard Chiverrell and Dan Schillereff. - Organic Pollutants in Sediment Core Archives / Jennifer B. Korosi, Wenhan Cheng and Jules M. Blais. - Environmental Archives of Contaminant Particles / Neil L. Rose and Meri Ruppel. - Tracking Long-range Atmospheric Transport of Contaminants in Arctic Regions Using Lake Sediments / Jane Kirk and Amber Gleason. - Tracking Long-Range Atmospheric Transport of Trace Metals, Polycyclic Aromatic Hydrocarbons, and Organohalogen Compounds Using Lake Sediments of Mountain Regions / Jordi Catalan. - Using Peat Records as Natural Archives of Past Atmospheric Metal Deposition / Sophia V. Hansson, Richard Bindler and François De Vleeschouwer. - Historical Contaminant Records from Sclerochronological Archives / Jessica Carilli, Branwen Williams, Bernd R. Schöne, Richard A. Krause and Stewart J. Fallon. - Contaminant Records in Ice Cores / Paolo Gabrielli and Paul Vallelonga. - Use of Catalogued Long-term Biological Collections and Samples for Determining Changes in Contaminant Exposure to Organisms / Linda M. Campbell and Paul E. Drevnick. - Tracking Contaminant Transport From Biovectors / Roland Kallenborn and Jules M. Blais. - Using Natural Archives to Track Sources and Long-Term Trends of Pollution: Some Final Thoughts and Suggestions for Future Directions / Jules M. Blais, Michael R. Rosen and John P. Smol. - Index.
    Description / Table of Contents: The human footprint on the global environment now touches every corner of the world. This book explores the myriad ways that environmental archives can be used to study the distribution and long-term trajectories of chemical contaminants. The volume first focuses on reviews that examine the integrity of the historic record, including factors related to hydrology, post-depositional diffusion, and mixing processes. This is followed by a series of chapters dealing with the diverse archives and methodologies available for long-term studies of environmental pollution, such as the use of sediments, ice cores, sclerochronology, and museum specimens.
    Type of Medium: Monograph available for loan
    Pages: XVI, 509 p.
    ISBN: 9789401795401
    Series Statement: Developments in paleoenvironmental research 18
    Branch Library: AWI Library
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  • 2
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    Estimation of groundwater recharge in the lobo catchment (Central-western region of côte d’ivoire) (2023)
    In:  XXVIII General Assembly of the International Union of Geodesy and Geophysics (IUGG)
    Details
    Publication Date: 2023-07-16
    Description: Determination of groundwater recharge is a major challenge in areas where rainfall is generally abundant. Variability and uncertainty are inherent in the estimation of recharge, and several methods are therefore recommended for its estimation at a regional level. In this study, we evaluated several methods for estimating recharge: the web GIS-based automated hydrological analysis tool (WHAT), water table fluctuation (WTF), hydrograph analyses, a recession curve displacement method, graphical separation, and empirical formulas. The annual recharge estimated by combining direct recharge and base-flow varied from 84 mm in 2019 to 66.4 mm in 2020. The mean direct recharge was about 44 mm in 2018 and 57.3 mm in 2019, representing about 4% and 5% of the respective rainfall. In 2020, this direct recharge was 43 mm, or about 6% of rainfall, around 25% lower than in 2019. Base-flow separation methods and recession curve displacement generally gave low results, whereas modified empirical formulas gave results close to those of the WTF method and were considered more consistent and reasonable. The regression curve displacement method implemented in the United States geologic survey (USGS) RORA program was found to be unsuitable for the study area. However, the other methods presented more reasonable results and could be used to estimate groundwater recharge in the study area.
    Language: English
    Type: info:eu-repo/semantics/conferenceObject
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  • 3
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Accumulation of persistent organochlorine compounds in mountains of western Canada (1998)
    [s.l.] : Macmillan Magazines Ltd.
    Nature 395 (1998), S. 585-588 
    Details
    ISSN: 1476-4687
    Source: Nature Archives 1869 - 2009
    Topics: Biology , Chemistry and Pharmacology , Medicine , Natural Sciences in General , Physics
    Notes: [Auszug] Persistent, semi-volatile organochlorine compounds, including toxic industrial pollutants and agricultural pesticides, are found everywhere on Earth, including in pristine polar and near-polar locations. Higher than expected occurrences of these compounds in remote regions are the result of ...
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1038/26944
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  • 4
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Evaluation of210Pb dating in lake sediments using stable Pb,Ambrosia pollen, and137Cs (1995)
    Springer
    Journal of paleolimnology 13 (1995), S. 169-178 
    Details
    ISSN: 1573-0417
    Keywords: constant initial concentration ; constant rate of supply ; 210Pb dating ; sediments
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Biology , Geosciences
    Notes: Abstract We used sediment chronology data from fourteen published studies of lake cores across much of North America and Scandinavia in order to make a large scale comparison of the different dating techniques. The uncertainty of210Pb derived dates was determined using common sediment event markers: the stable Pb rise, the137Cs rise, and theAmbrosia pollen rise. For all data combined, the 95% confidence intervals for the stable Pb rise and theAmbrosia rise, were approximately 30 years. These 95% confidence intervals are slightly higher than those derived by First-Order Error analysis performed by others on210Pb derived dates. When comparing the concordance of two210Pb models (CRS and CIC) against markers of known history, we found that the CRS model dates (constant rate of supply) had consistently better agreement than the CIC model dates (constant initial concentration). Major discrepancies between137Cs and210Pb were common, but were consistently more severe in sediments of soft water lakes pointing to an inability of sediments with low mineral content to ‘immobilize’ Cs.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/BF00678105
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  • 5
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Book review (1997)
    Springer
    Journal of paleolimnology 18 (1997), S. 211-212 
    Details
    ISSN: 1573-0417
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Biology , Geosciences
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1023/A:1007950517035
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  • 6
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Local variability in population structure and density of the protogynous reef herbivoreSparisoma viride (1996)
    Springer
    Environmental biology of fishes 47 (1996), S. 65-80 
    Details
    ISSN: 1573-5133
    Keywords: Adaptation ; Territoriality ; Life history ; Mating ; Grazing pressure ; Coral reef ; Reproduction ; Scaridae
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Biology
    Notes: Synopsis We compare the (relative) abundance of life phases [juveniles (JU), initial phase (IP) and terminal phase (TP) fish], social categories (territorial and group adults), and fish following alternative mating styles, in three local populations of the protogynous reef herbivore,Sparisoma viride, on the fringing reef of Bonaire (Netherlands Antilles). In order to determine the adaptive significance of variations in social organization, they are related to the density of conspecifics and other herbivores and to the availability of food, shelter and mating sites. The most striking difference is the high abundance of JU and group fish at one location (Playa Frans) and the total absence of group fish at another (Red Slave). These differences are coherent with a gradient in population density, total herbivore density, scarid grazing pressure, and reproductive output, all of which are highest at Playa Frans and lowest at Red Slave. Exposure to waves and currents shows an inverse trend. The differences in the relative abundance of territorial fish can be explained by the concept of economic defendability, which is reduced at higher population density. In a life history context, small TP group males represent ‘bachelors’ that sacrifice current reproduction for better future prospects. As predicted by life history theory, early sex change is promoted at sites where the future rewards are higher (higher spawning rates of large TP males) and where the costs incurred during the bachelor phase are reduced (more spawning opportunities for group TP males). At Red Slave an alternative male mating style (‘streaking’) appears to be promoted by the lack of a refuge for group TP males and by a dense gorgonian canopy, allowing IP males to reside inside territories. We conclude that most observed differences in population structure can be considered adaptive in an ecological and in a life history context. Population density is a major factor in both contexts. Analysis of the variability in adult density in relation to JU density and the availability of food and shelter indicates that theS. viride populations at Bonaire are not totally controlled by stochastic processes. Considering the small spatial scale and the high dispersal of the planktonic embryos and larvae, the observed variability in behavioural and life history traits ofS. viride points to a high degree of phenotypic plasticity.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/BF00002380
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  • 7
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    The social and mating system of the herbivorous reef fishSparisoma viride: one-male versus multi-male groups (1996)
    Springer
    Environmental biology of fishes 47 (1996), S. 353-378 
    Details
    ISSN: 1573-5133
    Keywords: Use of space ; Territoriality ; Reproduction ; Resource defence ; Life history style ; Timing of spawning ; Scaridae ; Coral reef
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Biology
    Notes: Synopsis We present a detailed description of the social and mating system of the protogynous reef herbivoreSparisoma viride at the fringing reef of Bonaire (Netherlands Antilles). Initial phase (IP) fish and terminal phase (TP) males occur either in one- or in multi-male groups, which are compared quantitatively with respect to the use of space, size composition, social interactions and sexual activity. One-male groups consist of one TP male plus 1–14 IP females, whereas in multi-male groups up to 14 TP males and about twice as many IP fish share a common home range. The two social units further show marked differences in vertical distribution (one-male groups are restricted to depths between 3 and 22 m, multi-male groups mainly residing 〈 3 m), size composition (a larger proportion of small adults live in multi-male groups), size and stability of the range (larger in one-male groups) and sexual activity (daily spawning of one-male group members inside their normal home range; no activity in multi-male groups on the shallow reef). Sexual activity occurred daily, throughout the year, with no evidence for tidal tracking or major seasonal or lunar patterns. The one-male groups constitute less than 20% of the adult stock but control up to 77% of the inhabited reef. As a result they have access to higher-yield food patches and to suitable spawning sites inside their home range. Although members of both units appear to defend their common home range against intruding conspecifics, the degree of territoriality is clearly higher in one-male groups. We discuss the relative importance of food, shelter, mates and mating sites as defended resources and some life history implications. The complex social and mating system ofS. viride shows much resemblance to that of another Caribbean scarid,Scarus iserti. This complexity seems to reflect the capacity of individuals to flexibly adapt their feeding, mating and life history styles to an unpredictable environment. We propose thatS. viride is a good study animal to test adaptive explanations for its territorial organization and complex life history patterns.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/BF00005050
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  • 8
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Atmospheric loading of Zn, Cu, Ni, Cr, and Pb to lake sediments: The role of catchment, lake morphometry, and physico-chemical properties of the elements (1993)
    Springer
    Biogeochemistry 23 (1993), S. 1-22 
    Details
    ISSN: 1573-515X
    Keywords: catchment export ; catchment retention ; metals ; sediments
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Chemistry and Pharmacology , Geosciences
    Notes: Abstract Although catchments have been implicated as an important source of metals to lakes, the catchment contribution of different metals is poorly known, and the anthropogenic contribution is not known at all. We determine the anthropogenic lake sediment burdens of Zn, Cu, Ni, Cr, and Pb for several Quebec and Ontario lakes, not subject to point source loading, to obtain estimates of atmospheric loading and inputs from terrestrial sources. To do this, we first collected multiple cores across 11 lake basins to estimate the whole-lake Pb burdens. As the whole-lake Pb burdens did not differ among lakes that spanned over two orders of magnitude in drainage ratios (drainage basin area/lake area), we conclude that catchment retention of anthropogenic Pb is complete. The anthropogenic Pb burdens were then used as a correction for focusing for the other metals. Among the metals, Cr and Ni were the most readily exported from drainage basins, followed by Cu. Zn showed no increase with drainage ratio, indicating Zn to be effectively retained by catchments. The export coefficients of the Pb corrected metals correlate well with ocean residence time, revealing a similar metal sorption/precipitation sequence in both soils and oceans. Sediment metal burdens provide a relatively easy way to obtain not only metal export coefficients from drainage basins, but also the atmospheric deposition of anthropogenic metals (e.g. Pb: S.E. Quebec, 950 mg*m−2: Laurentians, north of Montreal, 420 mg*m−2). The export coefficients are not only simpler to obtain than by mass balance measurements, but, in addition, identify the anthropogenic component.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/BF00002920
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  • 9
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Resource and habitat sharing by the stoplight parrotfish,Sparisoma viride, a Caribbean reef herbivore (1996)
    Springer
    Environmental biology of fishes 47 (1996), S. 81-91 
    Details
    ISSN: 1573-5133
    Keywords: Territoriality ; Substrate use ; Vertical distribution ; Coexistence ; Food limitation ; Scarids
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Biology
    Notes: Synopsis We compare the vertical distribution, substrate preferences, grazing behaviour and social interactions of the stoplight parrotfish,Sparisoma viride, with that of other scarids at a fringing reef off Bonaire (Netherlands Antilles). Earlier reports thatS. viride only displays territorial behaviour against conspecifics are confirmed by the non-aggressive nature of this parrotfish and the low time expenditure on interactions with other herbivores. The vertical distribution ofS. viride is largely identical to that of several other scarids, acanthurids and pomacentrids, whose ranges may completely coincide withS. viride territories. Comparison of the substrate use of the five most common scarids inside a singleS. viride territory yields no evidence of food partitioning. We suggest that the lack of interspecific territorial behaviour inS. viride is explained by the inability to economically defend a territory against all potential food competitors. Factors that may favour territory sharing between herbivores are fine-scale resource partitioning and shared defence, both of which would reduce the costs of territorial life. However, more detailed investigation of herbivore food selection is required before definite conclusions can be drawn.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/BF00002381
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  • 10
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Climatic changes in northwestern Ontario have had a greater effect on erosion and sediment accumulation than logging and fire: Evidence from 210Pb chronology in lake sediments (1998)
    Springer
    Biogeochemistry 43 (1998), S. 235-252 
    Details
    ISSN: 1573-515X
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Chemistry and Pharmacology , Geosciences
    Notes: Abstract Sedimentation patterns in nine lake basins were examined where catchments were either clearcut, burned in recent history, or where there has been no recorded disturbance and the catchments consist of mature forests. Pronounced declines in sedimentation rates were observed in eight of eleven cores after 1980, in reference, clearcut, and burn lakes. The degree of change was positively correlated with the drainage ratio (catchment area: lake area), but was unrelated to land use history. The decline in sedimentation rates after 1980 coincide with a 60% decrease in catchment runoff and precipitation measured over the same time interval at the nearby Experimental Lakes Area. These results indicate that climatic changes over the past 20 years have had a greater effect on catchment erosion than either clearcutting or fire.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1023/A:1006065109925
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