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  • 1
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Monocyte chemotactic protein-1 secretion and expression after Toxoplasma gondii infection in vitro depend on the stage of the parasite (2002)
    Oxford, UK : Blackwell Publishing Ltd
    FEMS microbiology letters 214 (2002), S. 0 
    Details
    ISSN: 1574-6968
    Source: Blackwell Publishing Journal Backfiles 1879-2005
    Topics: Biology
    Notes: Infection of human fibroblasts with tachyzoites of RH and Prugniaud strains, two different strains of Toxoplasma gondii, significantly increased monocyte chemotactic protein (MCP)-1 secretion contrary to what happened with bradyzoites of the cystogenetic strain. Quantification of MCP-1 mRNA by RT-PCR showed that this phenomenon is regulated at the transcriptional level. Thus, the stage of parasite can be deciding in MCP-1 induction since only tachyzoites induced MCP-1 expression and secretion. MCP-1 induced by tachyzoites could be involved in cell recruitment, as shown by the quantification of MCP1 ARNm by real-time PCR (LightCycler, Roche Diagnostics), in the pathogenesis of T. gondii infection.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1111/j.1574-6968.2002.tb11323.x
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  • 2
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Genetic polymorphism at the κ chain locus in mice: Comparisons of restriction enzyme hybridization fragments of variable and constant region genes (1985)
    Springer
    Immunogenetics 21 (1985), S. 445-457 
    Details
    ISSN: 1432-1211
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Biology , Medicine
    Notes: Abstract Variable (Vκ) and constant (Cκ) region genes of the mouse kappa light chain have been compared in inbred strains and in geographically isolated or genetically separated populations of mice by Southern blot analysis of endonuclease-restricted germline DNA. In most cases, the Cκ gene is found on a single restriction fragment while the Vκ genes of the Vκ19 and Vκ21 groups are each found on several (6–18) fragments. The restriction fragment (RF) patterns of Vκ19 and Vκ21 groups are both polymorphic when compared among inbred mouse strains. Southern blot patterns of Vκ21 and Vκ19 of inbred strains are also found among some geographically isolated populations of mice, suggesting that inbred strains acquired kappa loci from different subspecies. Some populations of geographical isolates show Vκ21, Vκ19, and Cκ contexts similar to inbred mice while more distantly related species within the genus Mus and laboratory rats show no apparent similarity in context to inbred strains. Variable region genes determining the RF patterns of Vκ19 and Vκ21 appear to be linked to each other and to the Cκ and Lyt-3 loci.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/BF00430928
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  • 3
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Complexity, polymorphism, and recombination of mouse T-cell receptor α gene families (1989)
    Springer
    Immunogenetics 30 (1989), S. 99-104 
    Details
    ISSN: 1432-1211
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Biology , Medicine
    Notes: Abstract Genomic DNA from a large panel of inbred strains of mice were hybridized sequentially with 15 Vα, 2 Vδ, 1 Cα, and 1 Cδ probes. Most of the Vα probes detected a high degree of plymorphism and have allowed the definition of five mouse T-cell receptor α (Tcr α) haplotypes. One of these haplotypes (Tcr α e ) appears to arise from a recombination between theTcr α b andTcr α a haplotypes, the latter being the most frequently found in the conventional inbred strains. This recombination event clearly indicates that the members of at least 11 Vα subfamilies are not closely linked but highly interspersed with one another on chromosome 14.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/BF02421537
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  • 4
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Germline genomic structure of the B10.A mouse Tcra-V2 gene subfamily (1996)
    Springer
    Immunogenetics 44 (1996), S. 298-305 
    Details
    ISSN: 1432-1211
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Biology , Medicine
    Notes: Abstract  The number of mouse Tcra-V gene segments varies from one individual to another and is estimated to be about 100. Southern blot analysis revealed that most of the Tcra-V are organized in clusters composed of copies of Tcra-V belonging to different subfamilies. We analyzed in detail a Tcra-V subfamily and looked for new Tcra-V in order to improve the knowledge of the mouse Tcra locus organization. A series of genomic clones derived from the B10.A mouse strain enclosing these clusters was used to determined the structure of all the Tcra-V2. We were able to identify ten Tcra-V2. This study showed that the Tcra-V2 can be organized into three structural subgroups. The distribution of the genes along the Tcra locus, plus their structural organization, indicates that successive duplications occurred during the processes of expansion and contraction of the Tcra-V gene subfamilies. Several Tcra-V2 are also identical, indicating recent duplications. The most divergent Tcra-V2 differ by 7.4% nucleotides, leading to 5.2% differences in amino acid contents.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/s002510050127
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  • 5
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Evolution of a Vκ gene family (1986)
    Springer
    Immunogenetics 24 (1986), S. 191-201 
    Details
    ISSN: 1432-1211
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Biology , Medicine
    Notes: Abstract To examine the evolution of multigene families we have selected as an example an immunoglobulin light chain variable region subgroup (Vϰ24) which has been extensively characterized in inbred mice (Mus musculus domesticus). Homologous genes have been isolated and sequenced from Mus pahari, a genetically and geographically isolated species believed to be the oldest living representative of the genus. Southern blot analysis using probes corresponding to individual genes in this subgroup reveals changes in the overall size of the family occurring at the level of individual genes but not at the level of the entire family. Nucleotide sequence analysis indicates an absence of regulatory sequences such as the CAT and TATA boxes 5′ to the coding region, but a decanucleotide sequence involved in light chain expression is highly conserved. Within coding regions highly complex patterns of variation are seen which appear to reflect quite different selective pressures on various subregions of the coding sequence. Complementarity determining regions (CDR) are conserved to different extents, with the first CDR region in all family members being among the most conserved segments of the molecule. Conservation is similarly variable among framework segments, indicating complex and variable evolutionary pressures not only at the level of individual genes or their products but also at subregions within homologous molecules.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/BF00364748
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  • 6
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    The context of T-cell receptor gamma chain genes among wild mouse species (1986)
    Springer
    Immunogenetics 24 (1986), S. 304-308 
    Details
    ISSN: 1432-1211
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Biology , Medicine
    Notes: Abstract We have examined the context of mouse T-cell receptor gamma (Tcr γ) chain variable (V γ) and constant (Cγ) genes among a panel of geographically isolated species of mice. Our Southern hybridization survey with Cγ reveals that essentially three Cγ genes are found among mouse species extending phylogenetically from inbred mice through the feral species Mus pahari. However, a V γ DNA probe detects three to nine V γ restriction fragment bands among the same group of mice. These results suggest that certain feral mice such as M. pahari, M. platythrix, and M. shortridgei have amplified numbers of V γ genes. Studies of individual mice from these particular species indicate the highly amplified V γ content is not the result of a catastrophic gene duplication or deletion event. We conclude that certain species of mice maintain increased content of V γ presumably for increased diversity in a Tcell response.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/BF00395535
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  • 7
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    The mouse Igh-1 a and Igh-1 b H chain constant regions are derived from two distinct isotypic genes (1989)
    Springer
    Immunogenetics 29 (1989), S. 92-97 
    Details
    ISSN: 1432-1211
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Biology , Medicine
    Notes: Abstract Genetic and structural analyses of the mouse genes encoding constant region of immunoglobulin subclasses (Igh-C) have shown that recombination is rare within this cluster which is inherited as a set designated the Igh haplotype. Recent molecular analyses have demonstrated that either DNA exchanges or gene duplications have probably occurred during the evolution of this set of genes. In order to assess the generality of the duplication processes, the presence and expression of two allelic forms of the Igh-1 (γ2a) gene (Igh-1 a and Igh-1 b) were examined in a large panel of wild mice belonging to Mus musculus domesticus and Mus musculus musculus species. Our data indicate that certain M. m. domesticus animals and most animals in the M. m. musculus group coexpress the two allelic forms of Igh-1. Moreover, genetic studies show that these two immunoglobulin types are encoded by tandemly arranged genes. We propose that wild mice, from which laboratory mice are derived, carry three isotypic γ2 genes (Igh-1 a, Igh-1b, Igh-3), and these have given rise to the two isotypes seen in laboratory strains by a deletion/insertion mechanism.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/BF00395856
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  • 8
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Molecular characterization of the variable regions of a mouse polyreactive IgG2b antibody with rheumatoid factor activity (1992)
    Springer
    Immunogenetics 36 (1992), S. 15-21 
    Details
    ISSN: 1432-1211
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Biology , Medicine
    Notes: Abstract The complete nucleotide sequences of heavy and light chains of a mouse polyreactive IgG2b antibody were determined. This antibody, obtained after primary immunization of BALB/c mice with human lymphoblastoid cells, possess anti-HLA-DR and anti-rheumatoid factor activities and reacts with various self and nonself antigens. The VL and VH segments were found to belong to the VK8 and VH7183 families, respectively. The VH segment shared a high percentage of sequence similarity (95%) with previously described germline genes. The VK segment had 98.9% of sequence similarity with a consensus sequence VK8 of antibodies with anti-phosphorylcholine activity. Furthermore, the framework regions 2 and 3 of the VL segment were very similar to the framework regions 2 and 3 of other antibodies known to possess rheumatoid factor activity. We postulate that during immunization, the presence of HLA-DR antigens selects precursors having configurations similar to that of the germline, and induces some somatic mutations that do not significantly affect antibody polyreactivity.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/BF00209287
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  • 9
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Localization of CTβ and C K on mouse chromosome 6 (1985)
    Springer
    Immunogenetics 22 (1985), S. 277-283 
    Details
    ISSN: 1432-1211
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Biology , Medicine
    Notes: Abstract In the mouse three lymphocyte gene families have been positioned on the proximal region of chromosome 6. Originally the immunoglobulin kappa light chain (Igk) and the thymocyte surface antigens Lyt-2 and Lyt-3 were assigned to chromosome 6, and recently the beta chain of the T-cell receptor for antigen was positioned proximal to Igk. Molecular clones which recognize the constant (C region of the beta chain of the T-cell receptor for antigen (CTβ ) and the constant region of the immunoglobulin kappa (C k ) chain were used to determine recombination frequencies with respect to the morphological marker hypodactyly (Hd). SJL/JLw π mice were mated with C.B6.C3-Hd/+ mice, and the progeny expressing the Hd phenotype were mated with SJL/JLw π mice. Backcross progeny which expressed the Hd phenotype were nephrectomized, and kidney DNA was examined by Southern hybridization for the polymorphic restriction endonuclease fragment (REF) patterns of the parental mice. Of the 88 progeny tested in this three-point cross, 3 CTβ and 4 C K homozygote REF patterns were detected. These homozygotes were mutually exclusive. This implies the following gene order: centromere-C Tβ -Hd-Igk and C Tβ1 would be 7.95±2.88 centimorgans from C K .
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/BF00404487
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  • 10
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    New T-cell receptor gamma haplotypes in wild mice and evidence for limited Tcrg-V gene polymorphism (1993)
    Springer
    Immunogenetics 37 (1993), S. 161-169 
    Details
    ISSN: 1432-1211
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Biology , Medicine
    Notes: Abstract Tcrg gene polymorphism was investigated by Southern blot analysis on a panel of laboratory and wild mouse strains using a set of probes which identify all known Tcrg-V and -C genes. Only three haplotypes are found in laboratory mice: gA, gB, and gC which are represented by BALB/c, AKR, and DBA/2 prototypes respectively. gA and gC haplotypes are the most frequent among laboratory mice whereas gB is poorly represented. Seven new haplotypes are described among 23 wild mice corresponding to four Mus musculus subspecies (Mus mus domesticus, castaneus, musculus, and molossinus). However, only a few new alleles of individual genes are observed. Tcrg-V genes located at the 5′ end of the Tcrg locus (V7 and V4) appear to be nonpolymorphic whereas two Tcrg-V3,-V5,-V6,-C4 and three Tcr-V1,-V2,-C1,-C2, and -C3 specific restriction fragment length polymorphisms are detected. These results indicate a relatively high degree of conservation of Tcrg genes as compared to other members of the immunoglobulin (Ig) gene family and might be related to the specificity and function of γδ T cells. Several of the new haplotypes described here result from point mutations in noncoding Tcrg-V or -C gene-flanking regions. Recombinations may have also participated in the evolution of the Tcrg locus. Finally, these new Tcrg haplotypes are unequally distributed among the four M. m. subspecies and support the idea that the gA and gC haplotypes found in laboratory mice are inherited from M. m. domesticus whereas gB might originated from asian subspecies (castaneus, musculus or molossinus).
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/BF00191880
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