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  • 1
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    Facilitating LOS Debriefings: A Training Manual (1997)
    In:  CASI
    Details
    Publication Date: 2019-06-28
    Description: This manual is a practical guide to help airline instructors effectively facilitate debriefings of Line Oriented Simulations (LOS). It is based on a recently completed study of Line Oriented Flight Training (LOFT) debriefings at several U.S. airlines. This manual presents specific facilitation tools instructors can use to achieve debriefing objectives. The approach of the manual is to be flexible so it can be tailored to the individual needs of each airline. Part One clarifies the purpose and objectives of facilitation in the LOS setting. Part Two provides recommendations for clarifying roles and expectations and presents a model for organizing discussion. Part Tree suggests techniques for eliciting active crew participation and in-depth analysis and evaluation. Finally, in Part Four, these techniques are organized according to the facilitation model. Examples of how to effectively use the techniques are provided throughout, including strategies to try when the debriefing objectives are not being fully achieved.
    Keywords: Air Transportation and Safety
    Type: NASA-TM-112192 , NAS 1.15:112192 , A-976385 , DOT/FAA/AR-97/6
    Format: application/pdf
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    NASA TECHNICAL REPORTS
  • 2
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    LOFT Debriefings: An Analysis of Instructor Techniques and Crew Participation (1997)
    In:  CASI
    Details
    Publication Date: 2019-06-28
    Description: This study analyzes techniques instructors use to facilitate crew analysis and evaluation of their Line-Oriented Flight Training (LOFT) performance. A rating instrument called the Debriefing Assessment Battery (DAB) was developed which enables raters to reliably assess instructor facilitation techniques and characterize crew participation. Thirty-six debriefing sessions conducted at five U.S. airlines were analyzed to determine the nature of instructor facilitation and crew participation. Ratings obtained using the DAB corresponded closely with descriptive measures of instructor and crew performance. The data provide empirical evidence that facilitation can be an effective tool for increasing the depth of crew participation and self-analysis of CRM performance. Instructor facilitation skill varied dramatically, suggesting a need for more concrete hands-on training in facilitation techniques. Crews were responsive but fell short of actively leading their own debriefings. Ways to improve debriefing effectiveness are suggested.
    Keywords: Air Transportation and Safety
    Type: NASA-TM-110442 , NAS 1.15:110442 , DOT/FAA/AR-96/122
    Format: application/pdf
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    NASA TECHNICAL REPORTS
  • 3
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    Alternatives for Scheduling Departures for Efficient Surface Metering in ATD-2: Exploration in a Human-in-the-Loop Simulation (2019)
    In:  CASI
    Details
    Publication Date: 2019-07-31
    Description: Human-in-the-Loop (HITL) simulation was conducted to explore the impacts of various surface metering goals on operations and Ramp Controllers at Charlotte Douglas International Airport (CLT). Three conditions were compared: Baseline, with no surface metering, instructions to meet advisory times at the gate only, and instructions to meet advisory times at the gate as well as the times at the scheduled taxiway spot, where aircraft are delivered to Air Traffic Control (ATC). Results showed increased compliance for taxiway spot times when compliance was first met for gate advisories. Instructing Ramp Controllers to meet advisory times at the gate improves spot time compliance and therefore surface scheduling predictability at CLT. Results also demonstrated there was increased compliance overall with gate and spot times in the second condition. This was likely due to higher Ramp Controller workload in the third condition.
    Keywords: Systems Analysis and Operations Research
    Type: ARC-E-DAA-TN64904 , International Conference on Applied Human Factors and Ergonomics (AHFE); Jul 24, 2019 - Jul 28, 2019; Washington D. C. ; United States
    Format: application/pdf
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    NASA TECHNICAL REPORTS
  • 4
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    Performance Data Errors in Air Carrier Operations: Causes and Countermeasures (2012)
    In:  CASI
    Details
    Publication Date: 2019-07-12
    Description: Several airline accidents have occurred in recent years as the result of erroneous weight or performance data used to calculate V-speeds, flap/trim settings, required runway lengths, and/or required climb gradients. In this report we consider 4 recent studies of performance data error, report our own study of ASRS-reported incidents, and provide countermeasures that can reduce vulnerability to accidents caused by performance data errors. Performance data are generated through a lengthy process involving several employee groups and computer and/or paper-based systems. Although much of the airline indUStry 's concern has focused on errors pilots make in entering FMS data, we determined that errors occur at every stage of the process and that errors by ground personnel are probably at least as frequent and certainly as consequential as errors by pilots. Most of the errors we examined could in principle have been trapped by effective use of existing procedures or technology; however, the fact that they were not trapped anywhere indicates the need for better countermeasures. Existing procedures are often inadequately designed to mesh with the ways humans process information. Because procedures often do not take into account the ways in which information flows in actual flight ops and time pressures and interruptions experienced by pilots and ground personnel, vulnerability to error is greater. Some aspects of NextGen operations may exacerbate this vulnerability. We identify measures to reduce the number of errors and to help catch the errors that occur.
    Keywords: Aeronautics (General); Air Transportation and Safety
    Type: NASA/TM-2012-216007 , TH-092 , ARC-E-DAA-TN4992
    Format: application/pdf
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    NASA TECHNICAL REPORTS
  • 5
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    Surface Trajectory Based Operations (STBO) Client User Manual (2018)
    In:  CASI
    Details
    Publication Date: 2019-07-20
    Description: This document serves as a user manual for the STBO Client in Charlotte Douglas International Airport Air Traffic Control Tower. It describes the elements of the full interface and provides explanations for how to interact with the interface. The document also provides instructions for entering Traffic Management Initiatives, scheduling runway utilization changes, and closing runways. There are also detailed instructions for how to negotiate Approval Request (APREQ) release times using the STBO Client.
    Keywords: Air Transportation and Safety
    Type: ARC-E-DAA-TN60591
    Format: application/pdf
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    NASA TECHNICAL REPORTS
  • 6
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    Ramp Traffic Console (RTC) Ramp Manager Traffic Console (RMTC) User Manual (2018)
    In:  CASI
    Details
    Publication Date: 2019-10-08
    Description: This document serves as a user manual for the Ramp Traffic Console (RTC) in the Ramp Control Tower. It describes the elements of the RTC interface and provides explanations for how to utilize the RTC to manage ramp traffic. The RTC provides live data for all flights including Earliest Off-Block Times (EOBT) and Traffic Management Initiatives (TMI). The RTC augments management of ramp traffic by providing notifications of runway configurations, and lists flight arrivals, near arrivals and departures as additional sources of information. If applicable, this document also provides instructions for use of the Ramp Manager Traffic Console (RMTC) for ramp manager functions of adjusting the priority flight list, and setting ramp status. The RTC/RMTC ramp tool are components of Airspace Technology Demonstration-2.
    Keywords: Computer Programming and Software
    Type: ARC-E-DAA-TN60589
    Format: application/pdf
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    NASA TECHNICAL REPORTS
  • 7
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    What-If System (2018)
    In:  CASI
    Details
    Publication Date: 2019-07-12
    Description: The What-If System is meant to be a "sandbox" to be able to view the potential impact of system wide changes on the tower side and metering decisions on the ramp side without actually making changes to the system. The What-If System is a tool within which with STBO, RMTC and DASH may be used such that proposed changes and updates can be made to determine their impact in isolation. The What-If System is a prototype tool, we welcome suggestions for improving the What-If utility. Improvements will be incorporated in later builds beyond phase-1 of ATD-2.
    Keywords: Air Transportation and Safety
    Type: ARC-E-DAA-TN60604
    Format: application/pdf
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    NASA TECHNICAL REPORTS
  • 8
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    Identification and Characterization of Key Human Performance Issues and Research in the Next Generation Air Transportation System (NextGen) (2010)
    In:  CASI
    Details
    Publication Date: 2019-07-12
    Description: This report identifies key human-performance-related issues associated with Next Generation Air Transportation System (NextGen) research in the NASA NextGen-Airspace Project. Four Research Focus Areas (RFAs) in the NextGen-Airspace Project - namely Separation Assurance (SA), Airspace Super Density Operations (ASDO), Traffic Flow Management (TFM), and Dynamic Airspace Configuration (DAC) - were examined closely. In the course of the research, it was determined that the identified human performance issues needed to be analyzed in the context of NextGen operations rather than through basic human factors research. The main gaps in human factors research in NextGen were found in the need for accurate identification of key human-systems related issues within the context of specific NextGen concepts and better design of the operational requirements for those concepts. By focusing on human-system related issues for individual concepts, key human performance issues for the four RFAs were identified and described in this report. In addition, mixed equipage airspace with components of two RFAs were characterized to illustrate potential human performance issues that arise from the integration of multiple concepts.
    Keywords: Air Transportation and Safety
    Type: NASA/CR-2010-216390 , TH-081 , ARC-E-DAA-TN1404
    Format: application/pdf
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    NASA TECHNICAL REPORTS
  • 9
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    Evaluation of APREQCFR Coordination Procedures for Charlotte Douglas International Airport (2017)
    In:  CASI
    Details
    Publication Date: 2019-07-13
    Description: NASA has been collaborating with the Federal Aviation Administration (FAA) and aviation industry partners to develop and demonstrate new concepts and technologies for the Integrated Arrival, Departure, and Surface (IADS) traffic management capabilities under the Airspace Technology Demonstration 2 (ATD-2) project. One of the goal of The IADS capabilities in the ATD-2 project is to increase predictability and increase throughput via improving TMI compliance. The IADS capabilities that will impact TMI compliance are built upon previous NASA research, the Precision Departure Release Capability (PDRC). The proposed paper will evaluate the APREQCFR process between ATC Tower and Center and information sharing between ATC Tower and the airline Ramp tower. Subjective measures collected from the HITL surveys (e.g., workload, situational awareness, acceptability, usability) and performance metrics such as TMI, TMAT, and pushback advisory compliance from APREQCFR flights and will be reported.
    Keywords: Air Transportation and Safety
    Type: ARC-E-DAA-TN41291 , Digital Avionics Systems Conference; Sep 17, 2017 - Sep 21, 2017; St. Petersburg, FL; United States
    Format: application/pdf
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    NASA TECHNICAL REPORTS
  • 10
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    Usability Test of a Prototype UAS (Unmanned Aircraft Systems) Awareness Interface for Public Users (2019)
    In:  CASI
    Details
    Publication Date: 2019-11-20
    Description: A tool to give the public a window into Unmanned Aerial Systems (UAS) Traffic Management (UTM) operations was created from an existing data collection tool. The interface included a map and a table showing details about UAS operations that could be queried in a number of ways. Eleven participants attended the study, successfully completing a 19-item task set in about 30 minutes. They correctly found information for 87% of the non-subjective tasks at a rate of around a minute per task, and rated the usability of the tool at the end of the session above the industry benchmark. Participants gave favorable reviews of the "public portal tool", even reporting that they would be satisfied with less information that it presented. There were one or two elements of the display that users found distracting and some navigation functions that need improvement, but on balance, the public representatives liked the features they saw in, and had few criticisms of, the public portal tool. One important issue for the small Unmanned Aerial System community to resolve will be how much or how little information should be available about UTM operations to members of the public.
    Keywords: Aircraft Design, Testing and Performance
    Type: ARC-E-DAA-TN74749 , Human Factors and Ergonomics Society (HFES) 2019; Oct 28, 2019 - Nov 01, 2019; Seattle, WA; United States
    Format: application/pdf
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    NASA TECHNICAL REPORTS
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