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  • 1
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    High resolution bone mineral densitometry with a gamma camera (1984)
    Institute of Physics
    Details
    Publication Date: 1984-01-01
    Print ISSN: 0031-9155
    Electronic ISSN: 1361-6560
    Topics: Biology , Medicine , Physics
    Published by Institute of Physics
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    PAPER CURRENT
  • 2
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    The origin of biexponential T2 relaxation in muscle water (1993)
    In:  Other Sources
    Details
    Publication Date: 2011-08-24
    Description: Two theories have been proposed to explain the multiexponential transverse relaxation of muscle water protons: "anatomical" and "chemical" compartmentation. In an attempt to obtain evidence to support one or the other of these two theories, interstitial and intracellular macromolecular preparations were studied and compared with rat muscle tissue by proton NMR transverse relaxation (T2) measurements. All macromolecule preparations displayed monoexponential T2 decay. Membrane alteration with DMSO/glycerin did not eliminate the biexponential T2 decay of muscle tissue. Maceration converted biexponential T2 decay of muscle tissue to single exponential decay. It is concluded that the observed two component exponential T2 decay of muscle represents anatomical compartmentation of tissue water, probably intracellular versus extracellular.
    Keywords: Life Sciences (General)
    Type: Magnetic resonance in medicine : official journal of the Society of Magnetic Resonance in Medicine / Society of Magnetic Resonance in Medicine (ISSN 0740-3194); Volume 29; 1; 19-24
    Format: text
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    NASA TECHNICAL REPORTS
  • 3
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    Bone and muscle atrophy with suspension of the rat (1985)
    In:  Other Sources
    Details
    Publication Date: 2011-08-19
    Description: In order to identify a suitable model for the study of muscle atrophy due to suspension in space, a modified version of the Morey tail suspension model was used to measure the atrophic responses of rat bone and muscle to 14-30 days of unloading of the hindlimbs. The progress of atrophy was measured by increases in methylene diphosphonate (MDP) uptake. It is found that bone uptake of methylene diphosphonate followed a phasic pattern similar to changes in the bone formation rate of immobilized dogs and cats. Increased MDP uptake after a period of 60 days indicated an accelerated bone metabolism. Maximum muscle atrophy in the suspended rats was distinctly different from immobilization atrophy. On the basis of the experimental results, it is concluded that the tail suspension model is an adequate simulation of bone atrophy due to suspension.
    Keywords: LIFE SCIENCES (GENERAL)
    Type: Journal of Applied Physiology (ISSN 0161-7567); 58; 1669-167
    Format: text
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    NASA TECHNICAL REPORTS
  • 4
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    Changes in total body calcium balance with exercise in the rat (1983)
    In:  Other Sources
    Details
    Publication Date: 2011-08-18
    Description: The purpose of this study was to evaluate the effect of deconditioning on the total body calcium in rats. Two separate experiments were performed using female Sprague-Dawley rats, 187-266 days of age. Total body calcium was measured in experimental and control rats during and following several weeks of voluntary exercise. The slope from the least-squares fit of total body calcium with time was used to obtain an average calcium balance for each animal during each study period. In both groups, the exercised rats had a significantly decreased calcium balance after cessation of exercise, whereas no significant change was seen in nonexercised controls. In both groups, the exercised animals gained calcium at a significantly greater rate than controls. The findings indicate that while exercised rats may gain calcium at a faster rate compared with nonexercising controls, the rate of gain following cessation of exercise is less than in the controls.
    Keywords: LIFE SCIENCES (GENERAL)
    Type: Journal of Applied Physiology: Respiratory, Environmental and Exercise Physiology (ISSN 0161-7567); 55; July 198
    Format: text
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    NASA TECHNICAL REPORTS
  • 5
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    Development of tungsten-tantalum generator (1985)
    In:  CASI
    Details
    Publication Date: 2019-06-28
    Description: The purpose of this project was to develop a useable tungsten (W)/tantalum (Ta) generator. Ta-178 is formed following the decay of its parent, W-178 (half-life: 21.7d) and has a half life of 9.3 minutes in turn yielding stable Hf-178. The decay of the parent isotope (W-178) occurs entirely by electron capture to the 9.3 minute Ta-178 state, without feeding the high spin Ta-178 isomer (half life 2.2 hours). In Ta-178 decay, 99.2% of the disintegrations proceed by electron capture and 0.18% by positron emission. Electron capture results in a 61.2% branch to the ground state of Hf-178 and 33.7% to the first excited state at 93 1KeV. The most prominent features of the radionuclide's energy spectrum are the hafnium characteristic radiation peaks with energies between 54.6 and 65.0 KeV. The radiation exposure dose of Ta-118 was calculated to be approximately one-twentieth that of Tc-99m on a per millicurie basis. A twenty-fold reduction in radiation exposure from Ta-178 compared with Tc-99m means that the usual administered dose can be increased three or four times, greatly increasing statistical accuracy while reducing radiation exposure by a factor of five.
    Keywords: INSTRUMENTATION AND PHOTOGRAPHY
    Type: NASA-CR-171905 , NAS 1.26:171905
    Format: application/pdf
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    NASA TECHNICAL REPORTS
  • 6
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    High resolution bone mineral densitometry with a gamma camera (1983)
    In:  CASI
    Details
    Publication Date: 2019-06-28
    Description: A technique by which the regional distribution of bone mineral can be determined in bone samples from small animals is described. The technique employs an Anger camera interfaced to a medical computer. High resolution imaging is possible by producing magnified images of the bone samples. Regional densitometry of femurs from oophorectomised and bone mineral loss.
    Keywords: AEROSPACE MEDICINE
    Type: NASA-TM-85386 , NAS 1.15:85386
    Format: application/pdf
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    NASA TECHNICAL REPORTS
  • 7
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    Evaluation of thallium-201 scanning for detection of latent coronary artery disease (1978)
    In:  CASI
    Details
    Publication Date: 2019-06-27
    Description: The use of thallium imaging as a noninvasive method to accurately screen shuttle passengers for latent coronary artery disease was investigated. All radionuclide procedures were performed using an Anger type camera with a high resolution collimator. A minimum of 200,000 counts were collected for each image using a 20% window centered on the 69-83 keV X-rays. For the images obtained following injection with the patient at rest, the testing was begun 10 minutes after injection. Injections of TT during exercise were made at a point near the termination of the treadmill procedure as determined by either the appearance of ST segment changes on the electrocardiogram consistant with subendocardial ischemia, the appearance of angina-like chest pain in the patient or fatigue in the patient which required cessation of the test. The severity of heart disease was based on the medical history, physical exam, exercise electrocardiograms, chest X-rays and the coronary arteriogram.
    Keywords: AEROSPACE MEDICINE
    Type: NASA-CR-151662
    Format: application/pdf
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    NASA TECHNICAL REPORTS
  • 8
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    In vivo nuclear magnetic resonance imaging (1984)
    In:  CASI
    Details
    Publication Date: 2019-07-13
    Description: A number of physiological changes have been demonstrated in bone, muscle and blood after exposure of humans and animals to microgravity. Determining mechanisms and the development of effective countermeasures for long duration space missions is an important NASA goal. The advent of tomographic nuclear magnetic resonance imaging (NMR or MRI) gives NASA a way to greatly extend early studies of this phenomena in ways not previously possible; NMR is also noninvasive and safe. NMR provides both superb anatomical images for volume assessments of individual organs and quantification of chemical/physical changes induced in the examined tissues. The feasibility of NMR as a tool for human physiological research as it is affected by microgravity is demonstrated. The animal studies employed the rear limb suspended rat as a model of mucle atrophy that results from microgravity. And bedrest of normal male subjects was used to simulate the effects of microgravity on bone and muscle.
    Keywords: AEROSPACE MEDICINE
    Type: NASA-CR-171928 , NAS 1.26:171928
    Format: application/pdf
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    NASA TECHNICAL REPORTS
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