ALBERT — All Library Books, journals and Electronic Records Telegrafenberg

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Analyse conjointe par sonde de castaing et par sonde raman dans un microscope electronique: Interet potentiel en biologie et etat actuel de l'instrumentation

Truchet, M. ; Delhaye, M. ; Ballan-Dufrancais, C. ; [et al.]

Amsterdam : Elsevier

Biology of the Cell 63 (1988), S. 26

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ISSN: 0248-4900

Source: Elsevier Journal Backfiles on ScienceDirect 1907 - 2002

Topics: Biology

Type of Medium: Electronic Resource

URL: http://linkinghub.elsevier.com/retrieve/pii/0248-4900(88)90202-X

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Bioavailability and toxicity of sediment-bound lead to a filter-feeder bivalve Crassostrea gigas (Thunberg) (1995)

Amiard, J. C. ; Ettajani, H. ; Jeantet, A. Y. ; [et al.]

Springer

BioMetals 8 (1995), S. 280-289

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ISSN: 1572-8773

Keywords: lead ; suspended sediment ; oyster ; bioavailability ; cytopathology ; electron probe microanalysis

Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000

Topics: Biology , Chemistry and Pharmacology

Notes: Abstract Two different approaches were used to study the bioavailability of sediment-bound lead. In vitro techniques simulating the potential metal desorption under conditions prevailing in the digestive tract were assayed on a contaminated sediment. An experimental model of a food chain was designed to determine the retention of lead in the soft tissues of oysters according to the environmental source of the metal (water or sediment). Neither enzymatic action nor leaching at low pH (both aspects of digestion) induce the release of important lead amounts from particles. Therefore, after 3 weeks of exposure, the retention of lead from the trophic source is lower (1%) compared with direct contamination (5%). Lysosomes are the major intracellular structures responsible for lead storage in the gills, digestive tract and digestive gland. The abundance of lysosomes and their lead amount vary according to the gross concentrations in the soft tissues. The cytopathological data are in agreement with the results about lead accumulation: in oysters exposed to sediment-bound lead, impairments are not so marked as in individuals contaminated directly from water but the same organelles are concerned. Mitochondrial impairments may be related to the effect of lead on cellular respiration processes and changes involving the granular endoplasmic reticulum may have an effect on the level of protein synthesis. Cellular extrusions carrying away numerous lysosomes loaded with lead could account for the balancing of lead incorporation between 2 and 3 weeks of exposure.

Type of Medium: Electronic Resource

URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/BF00141600

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3

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CT image analysis of the vertebral trabecular network in vivo (1992)

Chevalier, F. ; Laval-Jeantet, A. M. ; Laval-Jeantet, M. ; [et al.]

Springer

Calcified tissue international 51 (1992), S. 8-13

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ISSN: 1432-0827

Keywords: CT analysis ; Vertebral trabecular network ; Osteoporosis

Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000

Topics: Biology , Medicine , Physics

Notes: Summary A method of computed tomography (CT) image analysis of lumbar vertebrae has been developed, providing a visualization of the trabecular network as it is represented in a 1.5 mm-thick CT image. We measured the length of the network and the number of discontinuities found in the image. The ratio of these measurements was called the “trabecular fragmentation index” (TFI). CT images from 71 women between the ages of 50 and 59, and 94 women between the ages of 60 and 69 were divided into three groups according to quantitative computed tomography (QCT) vertebral density and to the presence or absence of crushing and fractures. The measure of the network length versus the vertebral area was significantly higher in normal subjects than in osteoporotics. A TFI threshold at 0.195 could separate the normal subjects, regardless of the decade, from osteoporotic ones. In females between 50 and 69 years of age, TFI was 0.166 (SD=0.031) for the normal group and 0.248 (SD=0.082) for osteoporotics. The osteopenic group without fractures but low bone mineral density (BMD) showed an intermediate TFI of 0.195 (SD=0.05), placing this population on both sides of the threshold. Correlation between TFI and BMD was only-0.60. TFI could provide new information in vivo about the state of trabecular structure, particularly in the osteopenic group.

Type of Medium: Electronic Resource

URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/BF00296208

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4

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Fate and Effects of Soluble or Sediment-Bound Arsenic in Oysters (Crassostrea gigas Thun.) (1996)

Ettajani, H. ; Amiard-Triquet, C. ; Jeantet, A. Y. ; [et al.]

Springer

Archives of environmental contamination and toxicology 31 (1996), S. 38-46

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ISSN: 1432-0703

Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000

Topics: Energy, Environment Protection, Nuclear Power Engineering , Medicine

Notes: Abstract. Contaminated sediments are a possible source of stress to the benthic biota. In order to examine this way of transfer concurrently with direct exposure, oysters were exposed to As dissolved in natural seawater or loaded to particles. The sediment used as a vector of transfer was a mud from a coastal area devoted to oyster culture, the finest particles of which have been selected. It was submitted to experimental contamination then to in vitro desorption tests, in which enzymes and pH changes were used to mimic the digestive processes in Molluscs. Although different enzymes or pH induced the desorption of 3 to 24% of sediment-bound arsenic, the accumulation of this element in the soft tissues of oysters remained low after exposure to contaminated particles. The uptake of soluble arsenic was also limited although checking the level of arsenic in seawater every day revealed no significant decrease of the contaminant in the experimental medium. However, cytological effects were noted in oysters exposed to sediment-bound arsenic and moreover to soluble arsenic. They consisted of structural alterations of mitochondria and nuclei, suggesting a disturbance of both the cellular respiratory metabolism and nucleotid incorporation.

Type of Medium: Electronic Resource

URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/BF00203905

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5

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Fate and effects of soluble or sediment-bound arsenic in oysters (Crassostrea gigas thun.) (1996)

Ettajani, H. ; Amiard-Triquet, C. ; Jeantet, A. Y. ; [et al.]

Springer

Archives of environmental contamination and toxicology 31 (1996), S. 38-46

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ISSN: 1432-0703

Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000

Topics: Energy, Environment Protection, Nuclear Power Engineering , Medicine

Notes: Abstract Contaminated sediments are a possible source of stress to the benthic biota. In order to examine this way of transfer concurrently with direct exposure, oysters were exposed to As dissolved in natural seawater or loaded to particles. The sediment used as a vector of transfer was a mud from a coastal area devoted to oyster culture, the finest particles of which have been selected. It was submitted to experimental contamination then to in vitro desorption tests, in which enzymes and pH changes were used to mimic the digestive processes in Molluscs. Although different enzymes or pH induced the desorption of 3 to 24% of sediment-bound arsenic, the accumulation of this element in the soft tissues of oysters remained low after exposure to contaminated particles. The uptake of soluble arsenic was also limited although checking the level of arsenic in seawater every day revealed no significant decrease of the contaminant in the experimental medium. However, cytological effects were noted in oysters exposed to sediment-bound arsenic and moreover to soluble arsenic. They consisted of structural alterations of mitochondria and nuclei, suggesting a disturbance of both the cellular respiratory metabolism and nucleotid incorporation.

Type of Medium: Electronic Resource

URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/BF00203905

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6

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Dual-energy X-ray absorptiometry of the calcaneus: Comparison with vertebral dual-energy X-ray absorptiometry and quantitative computed tomography (1995)

Laval-Jeantet, A. -M. ; Bergot, C. ; Williams, M. ; [et al.]

Springer

Calcified tissue international 56 (1995), S. 14-18

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ISSN: 1432-0827

Keywords: Calcaneus ; Bone mineral content ; DXA ; QCT ; Osteoporosis

Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000

Topics: Biology , Medicine , Physics

Notes: Abstract The purpose of this study was to determine the efficacy of using bone mineral measurements of the calcaneus to evaluate osteoporosis. Dual energy X-ray absorptiometry (DXA) of the calcaneus was compared with posteroanterior lumbar absorptiometry (DXA) and vertebral quantitative computed tomography (QCT) measurements in 171 white women (78 normal and 93 osteoporotic). DXA measurement of os calcis mineralization decreased significantly in osteoporosis, but to a lesser extent than in vertebral sites. In normal subjects, good correlations were observed between calcaneal and lumbar DXA (0.69) and QCT (0.56). In subjects with vertebral fractures, there was also good correlation between calcaneal DXA and QCT (0.59–0.69). This suggests that trabecular bone in calcaneus and vertebrae have related involution in cases of vertebral osteoporosis. However, the extent of bone loss is less marked in the calcaneus than in the vertebrae and is not sufficient to be accurately measured over time. We conclude, therefore, that although the global densitometric measurement at this site is not sufficiently sensitive for general use, it can be useful as a epidemiological research tool.

Type of Medium: Electronic Resource

URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/BF00298738

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7

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Bone Density Reduction in Various Measurement Sites in Men and Women with Osteoporotic Fractures of Spine and Hip: The European Quantitation of Osteoporosis Study (1999)

Kröger, H. ; Lunt, M. ; Reeve, J. ; [et al.]

Springer

Calcified tissue international 64 (1999), S. 191-199

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ISSN: 1432-0827

Keywords: Key words: Dual X-ray absorptiometry — Quantitative computed tomography — Hip fracture — Spine fracture — Osteoporosis—Normal ranges.

Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000

Topics: Biology , Medicine , Physics

Notes: Abstract. We have measured bone mineral density (BMD) using dual X-ray absorptiometry (DXA) of the spine and hip, spinal quantitative computed tomography (QCTspi), and peripheral radial quantitative computed tomography (pQCTrad) in 334 spine and 51 hip fracture patients. The standardized hip and spine BMD for each patient was calculated and compared with the combined reference ranges published previously, each densitometer having been cross-calibrated with the prototype European Spine Phantom (ESPp) or the European Forearm Phantom (EFP). Male and female fracture cases had similar BMD values after adjusting for body size, where appropriate. This suggests that the relationship between bone density (mass per unit volume) and fracture risk is similar between men and women. However, compared with age-matched controls, mean decreases in BMD ranged from 0.78 SD units (women with hip fracture, DXAspi) to 2.57 SD units (men with spine fractures, QCTspi). The proportion of spine and hip fracture patients falling below the cutoff for osteoporosis (T-score 〈−2.5 SD) proposed by the World Health Organization (WHO) study group varied according to different BMD measurement procedures (range 18–94%). This finding suggests that the WHO definition requires different thresholds when used with non-DXA BMD measurement techniques. Receiver operator characteristic (ROC) analysis was used to compare measurement techniques for their ability to discriminate between cases and controls. Among DXA sites, the proximal femur was preferred when evaluating generalized bone loss, particularly in elderly people. An additional spinal BMD measurement may add clinical value if spine fracture risk assessment has a high priority. Both axial and peripheral QCT techniques performed comparably to DXA in spinal osteoporosis, so investigators and clinicians may use any of the three technologies with similar degrees of confidence for the diagnosis of generalized or site-specific bone loss providing straightforward clinical guidelines are followed.

Type of Medium: Electronic Resource

URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/s002239900601

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8

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Fate and effects of micropollutants in the Gironde estuary, France: a multidisciplinary approach (1998)

Amiard-Triquet, C. ; Altmann, S. ; Amiard, J. C. ; [et al.]

Springer

Hydrobiologia 373-374 (1998), S. 259-279

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ISSN: 1573-5117

Keywords: sediment-bound pollutants ; sediment toxicity tests ; bioavailability ; bivalves ; translocation experiments ; biomarkers

Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000

Topics: Biology

Notes: Abstract Important Cd contamination has been observed in the Gironde estuary, France, but other metallic and organic pollutants are also present. Since sediment is well-known as a major compartment for the storage of numerous pollutants in aquatic environments, its contribution as a source of pollutants for the biota has been examined according to different methodologies. Geochemical studies have provided estimates of Cd mobility particularly with decreasing pHs and increasing salinity, a result in agreement with the relative abundance of exchangeable Cd and Cd bound to carbonates shown by sequential extraction. When in vitro assays tended to be more realistic with regard to the digestion process in bivalves, Cd extraction at low pH was lowered but was still important compared to Cu or Zn. Moreover, toxicity of Gironde sediments to copepod and sea urchin larval stages (not to oyster larvae) brought indirect evidence of the bioavailability of sediment-bound pollutants. Except the aromatic compound perylene, bioaccumulation in bivalves concerns mainly metals. In oysters they were found preferentially in the soluble phase and, in the cytosol, a strong relationship between cadmium and metallothionein-like proteins has been shown, suggesting a detoxication process in this species. This hypothesis is in agreement with the fact that neither cytopathological effects in gills and digestive glands nor marked changes of condition index were observed. On the other hand, no changes in MTLP levels in mussels were induced by metal accumulation in individuals transplanted from a comparatively unpolluted area (Bay of Bourgneuf). The stability of GST activity may be related to a poor accumulation of aromatic compounds. Changes in MDA concentration, AChE and catalase activities are discussed. Mobility, bioavailability of pollutants, significant responses of biomarkers suggest a potential environmental hazard. However, since interspecific differences occur, is the risk at the level of the whole estuarine ecosystem equilibrium or is it limited to a small number of species?

Type of Medium: Electronic Resource

URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1023/A:1017055118218

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